Egg Albumin-induced Paw Edema Research Articles

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Potential of the Stem Bark Extract of <em>Stachytarpheta indica</em>

Aim of study: Stachytarpheta indica is used as herbal remedy for pains in Nigeria. Methods: To validate this claim, the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the stem bark extract were examined in mice and rats by using acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, xylene and egg albumin-induced paw oedema. While yeast and amphetamine induced pyrexia were used to study antipyretic activity in rats. LD50 of the stem bark extract was carried out to determine its safety. Results: The methanol stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta indica showed significant (p<0.05) dose dependent effect in the parameters assayed. The activity of the extract was comparable to acetylsalicylic acid and morphine respectively. The acute toxicity test was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusions: It may be possible that the methanol stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta indica contains biologically active substances with potential value for the treatment of painful and feverish conditions.

In vivo anti-inflamatory potential of various extracts of Sida tiagii Bhandari

ObjectiveThe present study is an attempt to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of n-Hexane extract (HS), Ethyl acetate extract (EAS) and Residual ethanolic extract (RES) of fruits of Sida tiagii Bhandari by using carrageenan and egg-albumin induced paw edema, xylene induced ear edema and cotton wool granuloma animal models. MethodsThe biochemical markers like or lysosomal enzymes viz. serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also found out in blood serum. ResultsThere was decrease in edema volume in EAS and RES administered animals in carrageenan and egg-albumin induced edema models. The percentage inhibition of inflammation in EAS (34.15%) and RES (39.66%) was found comparable with that of the standard drug, diclophenac sodium (46.69%). The two extracts EAS and RES was found to have good anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard drug. ConclusionsThus the plant can be used as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate in animals.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Russelia equisetiformis Schlecht and Cham: identification of its active constituent

Aim: The present research work was carried out to isolate and identify the chemical constituent responsible for the antinflammatory activity of Russelia equisetiformis. Method: Isolation was carried out using column chromatography. The structure of the isolated compound was identified and established using the available spectroscopic techniques including high-resolution electron mass spectrum. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using egg albumin-induced paw edema, formaldehyde–induced arthritis and cotton pellet granuloma in-vivo tests. Prednisolone was used as a standard drug. Results: Lupeol was isolated as colorless crystals (mp 213-215OC).Lupeol at the doses of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg produced significant (P

Evaluation of Caesalpinia bonduc seed coat extract for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity

In the present work, Caesalpinia bonduc seed coat extract (CBSCE) has been evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity C. bonduc seeds have been attributed with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in the folklore medicine. Here in our study, we have tried to carry out the systematic evaluation of the seed coat extract of C. bonduc to substantiate these claims. C. bonduc seed coat was extracted with 95% ethanol and concentrated; further, the extract was screened for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The studies were carried using Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema, Egg albumin-induced paw edema, Eddy's Hot Plate Test, Tail Immersion Method so as to prove acclaimed properties. The data was analyzed statistically by Students’ ‘t’ test. The results indicate that seed coat extract has the ability to decrease the induced inflammation at varied doses in Carrageenan model as well as in the Egg albumin model in rats. The antinociceptive results indicate that the extract has the ability to increase the pain threshold of the animals and reduce the pain factor, thereby inducing analgesia. Thus, it can be concluded that CBSCE posses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Anti–inflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa (Burm.f.) Rottl. & Willd. leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats

Objective To evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract (PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental animals. Methods In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of PCEE of 2 000 mg/kg body weight, p.o. was administered and observed for 48 h. In acute models as egg albumin induced paw edema and chronic model as cotton pellet methods was followed. Results In acute models, egg albumin induced paw edema PCEE significantly ( P<0.01) inhibited the edema formation. In chronic model, cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats PCEE significantly ( P<0.01) reduced the granuloma formation with percentage inhibition of 35.17% and 50.38 % respectively. Conclusions The present study establishes the antiinflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa leaves.

Kaurenic acid: An in vivo experimental study of its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects

Objective:This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of kaurenic acid (KA), a tetracyclic diterpenoid carboxylic acid, using in vivo experimental animal models.Material and Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity of KA was evaluated in rats, using egg albumin-induced paw edema (acute test) and Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced paw edema (subacute test), whereas the antipyretic effect was studied in rabbits by peptone-induced pyresis. Acute and subacute toxicity of KA were analyzed in NMRI mice.Results:KA showed anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, and the effect caused was significantly dose-related (P < 0.001) in both cases. The mean lethal doses of KA were 439.2 and 344.6 mg/kg for acute and subacute toxicity, respectively.Conclusion:On the basis of these findings, it may be inferred that KA has an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activity of the ethanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale)

The acute toxicity test carried out on the ginger extract gave the LD50 value as 1000 mg/kg. The antiinflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic effects of the ethanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in adult Wistar rats were studied using values below the lethal dose. Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml undiluted fresh egg albumin (philogistic agent) into the subplantar surface of the right hind paw of the rats. Ethanol extract of ginger with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and indomethacin 100 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to separate groups of the rats. Control group received 1 ml of normal saline (vehicle). All the doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fresh egg albumin induced rat paw oedema, though not in a dose dependent manner. The oedema reductions were more than that obtained for indomethacin, the standard anti-inflammatory drug used. The ginger extract also showed good protective effect against indomethacin ‐ induced gastric ulcer in the rats. Administration of the extract doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) evinced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the indomethacin ‐ induced gastric erosion in all the experimental groups when compared to control. The percent ulcer inhibition by the extract doses was comparable with that of ranitidine (100 mg/kg), the reference drug. These results show that ginger possess good potential as an anti-oedema and anti-ulcer agent.

Anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extracts of three seeds used as “Bolengguazi”

The seeds of Herpetospermum pedunculosun (Ser.) C.B.Clarke. (HPD), Mormodica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (MCC) and Mormodica charantia L. (MCR) share the same common name (“Bolengguazi”) in the Tibetan medicine. The anti-inflammatory activities of the three “Bolengguazi” were evaluated using egg album-induced paw edema and cotton-pellet granuloma tests. Among them, HPD is the most active one in both models. Results showed that oral administration of ethanol extract of HPD seed (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the development of egg albumin-induced paw edema ( P < 0.01). In the chronic test, the ethanol extract of HPD seed (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in granuloma weight of rats ( P < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanol HPD seed was similar to that of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Moreover, the free radical scavenging activities of “Bolengguazi” were investigated using the DPPH test. Only the ethanol extract of HPD seed showed a moderate free radical scavenging effect on DPPH (IC 50, 198.69 μg/ml) when compared with the positive control, V E, (IC 50, 44.91 μg/ml). The HPD seeds showed more significant anti-inflammatory activities in additional to higher free radical scavenging activities than that of the MCC and MCR seeds. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis to explain, in part, the popular use of HPD seed in Tibetan folk medicine as “Bolengguazi”. The present study also supports the claims by the traditional Tibetan medicine practitioners about the use of HPD seeds in inflammatory diseases, such as “Chiba”.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Br. (Lamiaceae) leaf aqueous extract in mice and rats

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of the aqueous leaf extract of Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. BR. (Lamiaceae) in mice and rats, to scientifically appraise some of the plant's ethnomedical uses, and its safety and efficacy. The leaf powder of the plant was Soxhlet extracted with distilled water and used. The antinociceptive effect of the plant's extract was evaluated by the "hot-plate" and "acetic acid" test models of pain in mice, while the antiinflammatory and antidiabetic effects of the leaf extract were investigated in rats, using fresh egg albumin-induced paw edema, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus, respectively. Morphine (MPN, 10 mg/kg i.p.), diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg i.p.), and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p.o.) were used, respectively, as reference analgesic, antiinflammatory, and hypoglycemic agents for comparison. L. leonurus leaf aqueous extract (LLE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05-0.001) antinociceptive effects against thermally and chemically induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice. LLE (50-800 mg/kg i.p.) also significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) inhibited fresh egg albumin-induced paw edema, and caused significant (p < 0.05-0.001) hypoglycemic effects in rats. It is suggested that the analgesic effects of LLE (50-800 mg/kg i.p.) may be peripherally and centrally mediated. The different flavonoids, diterpenoids, polyphenolics, and other chemical constituents of the plant may be involved in the observed antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic effects of the plant's extract. However, the results of this experimental animal study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of L. leonurus possesses antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties, and thus lend pharmacological credence to the suggested folkloric uses of the herb in the management and/or control of painful, arthritic, and other inflammatory conditions, as well as for adult-onset, type-2 diabetes mellitus in some communities of South Africa.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hypoglycaemic effects of Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae) stem-bark aqueous extract

Previous studies in our laboratories and elsewhere have shown that some members of Anacardiaceae family possess antiinflammatory, analgesic and hypoglycemic effects in man and mammalian experimental animals. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to examine the antiinflammatory, analgesic and antidiabetic properties of the stem-bark aqueous extract of Mangifera indica Linn., M. indica a member of the Anacardiaceae family, in rats and mice. The stem-bark powder of M. indica was Soxhlet extracted with distilled water and used. The analgesic effect of the plant's extract was evaluated by the hot-plate and acetic acid test models of pain in mice, while the antiinflammatory and antidiabetic effects of the stem-bark extract were investigated in rats, using fresh egg albumin-induced paw edema, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus, respectively. Morphine (MPN, 10 mg/kg i.p.), diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg i.p.), and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p.o.) were used respectively as reference analgesic, antiinflammatory, and hypoglycemic agents for comparison. M. indica stem-bark aqueous extract (MIE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05-0.001) analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice. MIE (50-800 mg/kg i.p.) also significantly (p<0.05-0.001) inhibited fresh egg albumin-induced paw edema, and caused significant (p<0.05-0.001) hypoglycemic effects in rats. It is suggested that the analgesic effects of MIE (50-800 mg/kg i.p.) may be peripherally and centrally mediated. The different chemical constituents of the plant, especially the polyphenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, mangiferin, and other chemical compounds present in the plant may be involved in the observed antiinflammatory, analgesic, and hypoglycemic effects of the plant's extract. However, the results of this experimental animal study lend pharmacological credence to the suggested folkloric uses of the plant in the management and control of painful, arthritic and other inflammatory conditions, as well as in the management of adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in some rural African communities.

Antiplasmodial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Erythrina senegalensis

The in vivo antiplasmodial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Erythrina senegalensis, an ornamental plant commonly used in Northern Nigeria for the treatment of fevers, was evaluated. Aqueous extracts of the stem bark of the plant was used for the study. The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the aqueous extract against Plasmodium berghei was assessed using the suppressive and curative test procedures. Analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid (0.75%v/v) induced abdominal constriction, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on egg-albumin induced paw oedema in rats as a model of acute inflammation. The stem bark extract of E. senegalensis exhibited only slight antiplasmodial activity while significant ( P<0.05) analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were observed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract indicates the presence of alkaloids and glycosides.