Resilience Efforts Research Articles

Conflict-induced displacement in Pakistan: a sociological study of lived experiences of involuntary migration among Afghan immigrants

The involuntary migration of Afghans has emerged as a pressing global concern, presenting a complex interplay of social, legal, and economic challenges. This mass exodus, fueled by the pursuit of safety and refuge, has strained social and economic infrastructures, necessitating a comprehensive sociological analysis. This study investigates the lived experiences of Afghan immigrants and explores their coping strategies for overwhelming situations in the host community (Peshawar, Pakistan). Drawing on an interdisciplinary approach, the study synthesizes insights from migration sociology, cultural studies, and immigrant’s studies to comprehensively understand this complex intersection. By adopting a mixed research design using both survey and semi-structured interviews, and integrating legal, economic, and social perspectives, our investigation unveils the sociological dimensions shaping livelihood challenges and social impacts. The finding revealed the challenging legal and administrative hurdles faced by Afghan immigrants, the economic disparities, the complex dynamics of social integration, and accommodation issues within the host community. Amidst these challenges, this study found coping strategies of Afghan immigrants, which they had on individual, family, and community level. This study transcends academic inquiry, inviting us to embrace a holistic understanding that guides us toward more equitable and inclusive societies. This study contributes to migration sociology, and offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners engaged in the complexities of involuntary migration and community development. It indorses sociologically grounded implications that call for inclusive policy interventions, cultural bridge-building initiatives, and community-driven efforts for long-term resilience. Charting future territories, we advocate for longitudinal and comparative analyses, recognizing the uncharted realm of gendered experiences in involuntary migration.

Foxtail millet research in supporting climate change resilience efforts: Bibliometric analysis and focused literature review

Foxtail millet research in supporting climate change resilience efforts: Bibliometric analysis and focused literature review

RELIGIOUS TOURISM AND RESILIENCE BUILDING: AN OVERVIEW OF IMPACTS AND RECOVERY IN SOUTH AFRICA

Intending to contribute to the sector’s resilience in times of external shocks, this study unpacks the experiences of the religious tourism sector during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Through an exploratory qualitative approach with indepth, interviews conducted with key role-players (n=50), the findings reveal significant financial losses suffered by the sector during the pandemic's peak, marked by widespread activity closures. Many organizations faced difficulties in maintaining their customary faith-based activities, travel, and commitments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identifies valuable lessons from these challenges, emphasizing the importance of fostering collaborations with other stakeholders and embracing technological innovations. By shedding light on these experiences, the study offers insights for enhancing resilience in religious tourism amidst uncertainty, with implications for strategic planning and long-term resilience efforts within the sector.

The Contribution of Environmental Diplomacy to Disaster Risk Reduction

This study critically examines the contribution of environmental diplomacy in disaster risk reduction (DRR), emphasizing its importance in mitigating the impacts of natural hazards exacerbated by climate change. As global environmental challenges increase, the intersection of international diplomatic efforts and DRR becomes essential for promoting resilience and reducing vulnerabilities. Through a comprehensive analysis of the UNDRR Frameworks, this research investigates how environmental diplomacy contributes to DRR by facilitating international cooperation, enhancing resource allocation, and fostering knowledge dissemination. The study employs an interpretive qualitative inductive methodology, incorporating case studies to identify best practices and challenges in aligning environmental diplomacy with DRR objectives. Findings reveal that robust environmental diplomacy significantly enhances disaster preparedness by promoting cross-border collaboration, accelerating access to climate finance, and integrating local capacities into global frameworks. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of implementation gaps, accessibility to financial resources, and the representation of vulnerable nations in decision-making processes. Key recommendations include strengthening international diplomatic engagements, streamlining climate finance mechanisms, and promoting regional cooperation to address shared risks. Additionally, the study advocates for integrating DRR into national development policies, enhancing community-based resilience efforts, and improving monitoring and evaluation systems to track DRR progress. The research concludes that by reinforcing the synergies between environmental diplomacy and DRR, the global community can better address the increasing risks posed by climate-related disasters and build more sustainable, resilient societies

Adapt or Perish: Women’s Resiliency in Tourism Village during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nglanggeran

The growth of tourism villages is a central tenet of Indonesia’s tourism development policy. Nevertheless, based on the number of affected workers, the tourism village is one of the types of Indonesian tourist destinations hardest impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has nearly entirely paralyzed the majority of tourism-related activities in the tourism village of Nglanggeran in Java. However, one unit has remained operational, namely Griya Cokelat, the women-led cocoa processing work unit. This study seeks to examine the situation of female workers in the tourism village during the pandemic, the capacity of women to acquire technology skills to bolster tourism resilience, and the impact of these activities on domestic relationships. The data collection included observing the working conditions of women in the tourism industry during the pandemic, conducting interviews with eleven informants, and examining pertinent literature. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was discovered that these women have had to learn more keenly how to use technology in order to shift their offline to online sales. Their technological adaptation has helped the tourism village’s resilience efforts. Women’s ability to use technology—in this example, the Internet—supports the change in gender roles in families.

On the possibility of ‘Just Resilience’: A pragmatist approach to justice-based climate change governance

Scholars have afforded much attention to environmental justice issues amid the recent global surge in climate resilience efforts. And yet our analysis of these issues frequently falls back on reductionist modes of critique that presume to know resilience’s implications for justice before actual inquiry. Ontological claims abound about resilience being neoliberalism or neo-colonialism incarnate and as such always-already complicit in the production of myriad injustices. This paper takes up geography’s recent revival in interest with pragmatist and conjunctural methodologies to offer a more nuanced account of resilience and justice. In so doing, it introduces the notion of ‘just resilience’ to foreground and explore the influence of state-based conceptualizations of justice in structuring major interventions carried out to adapt to and mitigate climate change. I compartmentalize just resilience into three related heuristically informed concepts to analyze its emergence in our shared present, evaluate how it shapes government intervention and highlight some of its consequences. Topological composition addresses how particular understandings of justice have been constructed through dialogue between government actors and communities disproportionately affected by environmental harm. Through translational logistics, I elaborate on how these conceptualizations of justice orient the uneven movement of resilience projects across different communities. Finally, relational conceptualizations of scale considers the effects that prevail where multiple different resilience projects are undertaken in the same local site simultaneously. Contrasting with mainstream critiques, a pragmatist-conjunctural approach emphasizes the possibility that resilience can operate as a vessel for the pursuit of environmental justice. Nevertheless, it also raises substantial concerns about: the extent to which the meaning communities invest into justice translates into governmental practice, the asymmetries in political agency that just resilience affords different people and the tendency of resilience projects to produce effects that compromise the very forms of justice that putatively structure their enactment. The paper substantiates its argument through research into the Justice40 initiative that continues to structure some ongoing climate resilience programs in the United States.

Recovery for Resilience: Exploring the Disconnect Between Collaborative Planning and Project Implementation in Post-Hurricane Sandy New York City

Collaborative and participatory planning processes that are interactive, thoughtful, and efficient have become increasingly important elements of post-disaster recovery. Meanwhile, rapid action remains critically important to quickly restore destroyed urban systems, but creating long-term resilience demands new ideas that are also implementable. These various tensions create a daunting paradox, and while many communities have attempted to use collaborative planning approaches in recovery, useful assessments and guidance on collaborative recovery planning is sparse. To better understand the nuances of a collaborative recovery, we document and evaluate the effectiveness of the collaborative processes behind the planning of the ESCR resilience project, initiated as BIG U in New York City, which emphasizes community participation and collaborative decision-making. The project is unique because of its innovative and interactive multi-stakeholder processes. The authors have studied the case longitudinally over the past decade, using a variety of research methods to gather relevant information. The ESCR collaborative efforts suggest that, first, there is a disconnect in the dominant rationalities behind climate resilience efforts between the planning and implementation phases. Second, given the disconnect between the planning and implementation phases, collaborative efforts must be refined to remain relevant in the implementation phase. Third, even after project implementation, there are different types of rationality employed, and thus varying levels of satisfaction, depending on the benefits that participants receive. While planners must recognize the disconnect between collaborative planning and project implementation and seek ways to mitigate any abrupt shifts, we conclude that collaborative approaches to recovery planning can be effective and manageable, even in unique recovery situations.

Bridging generations: the power of digitization and social innovation in preserving rural cultural heritage

This case study explores social innovation in Spanish rural areas, aiming to revive local culture, transmit heritage across generations, and tackle social isolation through technology-supported initiatives. The study involved an intergenerational classroom, located in the North of Spain, which involves a methodology of 11 sessions across four phases: digital literacy, technological experimentation, intergenerational evaluation, and personal feedback analysis. Participants engaged in technology experiments linked to documenting cultural heritage. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews explored changes in social relationships and intergenerational learning impact, analyzed thematically based on project aims. Adults and youth valued interacting across generations, finding it rewarding. The project facilitated knowledge exchange, enriched social and cultural aspects, and reduced social isolation in dispersed communities, fostering new connections. Digital heritage efforts reclaimed local histories and traditions. Strengthening intergenerational bonds enhances rural community resilience. Such innovations bolster social networks, particularly for youth. Digital heritage preservation aids in conserving cultural legacy but requires robust infrastructure and comprehensive policies for sustainability. The study underscores the role of social innovation in revitalizing communities and advancing resilience efforts.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RISKS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Problem statement. In order to effectively increase the security of critical infrastructure in the energy sector, it is necessary to assess all threats and analyze threat scenarios for the facility itself. Threats to energy security are the possibility of short-term or long-term situations, real or potential factors, phenomena or events that may disrupt the stability and security of the country's energy sector. These threats can lead to restriction or disruption of energy supply to consumers, accidents and other negative consequences. In many cases, the failure of one facility or system will affect the ability of interconnected facilities or systems in the same or another sector to perform their functions. For a relatively stationary system, it is important to identify those components or critical nodes where the potential consequences will be highest and where security and resilience efforts need to be focused. The purpose of the article is to develop and implement an approach to determining the risks of an emergency situation at critical infrastructure facilities using the example of the Dolyna Gas Processing Plant (GPP). Conclusions. An approach to identifying and assessing the risks of the critical infrastructure of the energy sector was developed and implemented, with the help of which potential vulnerabilities of the object to various threats are revealed. A simulation model for cascading effects has been built, which allows obtaining probabilistic estimates of the development of events under defined scenarios for a critical infrastructure object.

Public health approaches to 'Leave No One Behind' in heatwave resilience: insights from the UK.

Heatwaves pose significant threats to vulnerable populations, making resilience efforts crucial. This study aims to explore stakeholders' perspectives on heatwave resilience from a public health perspective, with a specific focus on operationalising the commitment to 'Leave No One Behind' (LNOB) as outlined in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from national and local government, industry and business, academia, and civil society organizations. Interviews examined stakeholders' understanding of the progress and challenges associated with fulfilling the commitment of LNOB in the context of heat resilience from a public health perspective, in England, UK. Content analysis of interview transcripts was undertaken. Stakeholders emphasize the importance of equity, inclusivity, and public health priorities in heatwave resilience efforts while specifically addressing the commitment to LNOB. Disparities in vulnerability due to socioeconomic factors, challenges in identifying and supporting vulnerable populations, progress made in addressing heatwave resilience, and the role of government and society in improving resilience efforts were emphasized. Stakeholders highlighted the need for targeted interventions, strengthened community support networks, and policy changes to address systemic inequalities and promote inclusivity in resilience strategies. Stakeholders' perspectives underscore the importance of aligning heatwave resilience efforts with global goals, particularly in promoting public health equity and inclusivity. By addressing the challenges identified and implementing the recommendations for improvement, policymakers and practitioners should work towards more equitable and inclusive resilience strategies to safeguard public health during heatwaves.

Beach nourishment response and recent morphological evolution of Minnesota Point, Lake Superior

Beach nourishments are a popular nature-based alternative to armoring for shoreline erosion mitigation, but nourishments have been criticized due to their environmental impacts and uncertain sustainability. Monitoring is often nonexistent or insufficient to constrain nourishment longevity and inform the renourishment interval required to maintain shoreline protection. This study uses a combination of topobathymetric surveys, high-resolution satellite-derived shorelines, and coastal engineering analyses to investigate the recent evolution of Minnesota Point and the fate of three beach nourishments constructed adjacent to littoral barriers. We use semi-empirical formulations for sediment compatibility, wave runup, and longshore sediment transport to inform the observed nourishment behavior. Minnesota Point experienced widespread foredune retreat averaging 7±2.8 m from 2009–2019 and 130,000 (70,000–140,000) m3 of sediment was eroded during this interval. The 2019 nourishment at the Superior Entry was rapidly eroded by strong storms, losing >80% of the added beach width by the following spring. The 2020 and 2021 nourishments at the Duluth Entry retained >80% of the nourishment material at the time of the last topobathymetric survey in the fall of 2022, and satellite-derived shorelines indicate that the beach remained 10 m wider than pre-nourishment conditions at the end of 2023. Modeled longshore transport rates over the period 2009–2022 averaged 11,400 m3 yr−1 northwestward at the Superior Entry, nearly 3x greater than the 4000 m3 yr−1 southeastward transport modeled at the Duluth Entry. These observations show that differences in shoreline orientation, littoral sediment supply, and grain size compatibility can lead to contrasting beach nourishment longevities, and this study provides additional measurements of Minnesota Point’s long-term morphological change which can help inform coastal resiliency efforts.

An Impact-Based Flood Forecasting System for Citizen Empowerment

This work addresses the critical issue of flooding, a significant natural hazard, consistently ranked highest in the 2023 World Risk Index. The annual onslaught of tropical cyclones and the associated abnormal rainfall threaten lives, and destroy crops and property, thereby causing great economic damage, demanding urgent and science-based decision-making. We introduce an impact-based flood forecasting system as a proactive anticipatory action (i.e., AA) measure, linking climate services and disaster risk management to mitigate extreme weather impacts. Developed by the University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, the National Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH) Center, and Gerry Bagtasa of the Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, this system advances disaster resilience efforts, leveraging science-based forecasts to prioritize vulnerable barangays (villages). Unlike traditional early warning systems, the proposed automated system predicts flooding one day in advance and assesses exposure levels based on population distribution. By utilizing global weather forecast models locally calibrated for Philippine conditions and 100-year rain return flood hazard maps for the Philippines, the system forecasts river inundated areas, enabling local government units (LGUs) and humanitarian organizations to prioritize preparations for communities and allocate resources during flooding events effectively. This system enhances the efficiency of disaster response planning, fostering a proactive and impactful strategy to address the recurring threat of flooding in the country. The system also underscores the role of open data in disaster resilience, exemplified by NOAH’s system to disseminating big data, which aligns with open governance principles. By encouraging transparency and stakeholder collaboration, data exchange is promoted, providing actionable information that fosters collaboration between the LGUs, humanitarian organizations, and other stakeholders. Cognizant of the importance of community engagement in disaster resilience, the newly developed impact-based flood forecasting system encourages community involvement by providing easily accessible information, which can be used to validate the forecasts based on local knowledge and experience. This research contributes to the urgent call for anticipatory action in the face of escalating extreme weather events globally.

2.E. Round table: Building climate resilient health systems in the EU

Abstract Climate change is one of the biggest challenges for modern society. The health effects of climate change lead to negative impacts on European health systems, and conversely, European health systems contribute significantly to climate change. To overcome challenges posed by the climate crisis, European cooperation is essential. The interdependencies between climate change and public health and its broader impact underline the importance of resilience in European health systems, calling for concrete actions from both EU institutions and national governments. Additionally, the topic of resilient health systems currently ranks high on the European agenda, with the Belgian Presidency promoting health care strengthening as one of its six priorities. The European Commission will also continue its work on this issue for the next five years. The EU has already taken steps in this matter, such as the launch of the European Health Union and the adoption of the EU4Health Programme. However, in order to better prepare for climate resilient health systems, the EU must further develop in this regard. To explore this pressing issue, the round table discussion will focus on how EU actions in climate adaptation can synergistically contribute to the resilience of health systems. Resilience, often associated with adaptation, embodies the capacity to anticipate, withstand, and recover from shocks and stresses related to climate change. By delving into this question, the workshop seeks to uncover ways in which EU and Member State climate initiatives can reinforce health system resilience, thereby fostering a more adaptive and responsive health workforce and infrastructure. Featuring 4 panellists from Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Austrian National Public Health Institute, the Dutch Green Healthcare Alliance and the European Environment Agency, the round table will bring together diverse perspectives on this issue. The added value of the round table is laying out possible ways of how both the EU and Member States can contribute to enhancing the resilience of European health systems. After establishing the necessity for action, the round table discussion will focus on generating ideas to address climate change. Specifically, this discussion will cover examples of national policies, such as from the Netherlands, Austria, and other Member States. Also discussed will be the importance of monitoring and surveillance, and conducting a health and vulnerability assessment. This ensures better understanding of the relevant current and future health impacts, which will inform resilience measures. This will be followed by a discussion with the audience to formulate recommendations for improving the resilience of EU health systems for the next five years. Key messages • Climate change challenges European health systems, emphasising the need for European cooperation in resilience efforts. • Synergising climate adaptation with health system strengthening enhances EU’s capacity for resilience. Speakers/Panelists Chiara Cadeddu Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands Aleksandra Kazmierczak European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark Andrea Schmidt Austrian Public Health Institute, Vienna, Austria Juliette Mattijsen Groene Zorg Alliantie, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Translating disaster resilience: How values, world views and politics complicate interpretation and implementation

Globalized climate change and ecological collapse discourses have created a universally relatable conceptual arena within which institutional actors’ debate, design and implement interventions to create ‘disaster resilient cities’ in the Global South. The implications of resilience ideologies and practices adopted from the Global North can have detrimental and counterproductive effects when translated into interventions in postcolonial countries like Pakistan. In this research paper, we use interviews and discourse analysis to underscore the techniques, rationalities, and framings mobilized by governmental and non-governmental actors in the name of ‘reducing risks’ and building ‘disaster resilience’. Within this arena, Pakistani institutional actors create, mimic, and adapt normative resilience trajectories influenced by international resilience standards that do not align, or worse, conflict with the spiritual, cultural, and postcolonial contexts and values of communities they engage with. Imposition of international resilience standards may result in disconnected top-down interventions that overlook the vulnerabilities of local communities deemed as ‘beneficiaries’ and misallocate funds in favor of ineffective projects and programmes, ultimately missing opportunities for meaningful change. While building upon existing urban resilience efforts in Pakistan is important, it is critical to recognize that merely pursuing resilience as an outcome is not enough. Fulfilling basic needs should take precedence over resilience efforts, particularly when the goal is not only the survival of local communities in the face of escalating climate and disaster risks but also their overall well-being.

Agnes, Revisited: methods and principles for community-engaged research on historic flood disasters

Stories—and story-tellers—can build resilience. A body of interdisciplinary research demonstrates that personal stories collected and shared in the immediate wake of a flood disaster can improve disaster preparedness and engagement in flood management. This article explores methods and principles for community story-sharing about destructive floods that are not as recent. Agnes, Revisited is a multi-disciplinary, mixed-methods study of the history of Tropical Storm Agnes (1972) in the Susquehanna River Valley (Pennsylvania, United States). “Agnes” was the costliest natural disaster in US history at the time ($3B in 1972; $91B in 2023) and the Susquehanna River Valley withstood catastrophic flooding. Working with partners on and off campus, we wrote an original play based on 48 interviews with storm survivors and archival research on state records, historical images, and historical newspapers. The play both represented a multi-vocal account of Tropical Storm Agnes and catalyzed continued story-sharing about flooding—in the past, present, and future—including an hour-long documentary on Pennsylvania public television and a book with a regional newspaper. This article details the methods we used to devise and execute the play, as well as pursue opportunities for public scholarship that arose because of the play. We highlight seven principles for community engagement that we followed across the project. In support of broader, community-level flood resilience efforts, we encourage scholars to identify anniversaries of historic flood disasters approaching in the next 3 to 5 years and design community-engaged research projects to meet them.

Sustainable small business lending

Banks are the main source of external funding for small businesses. Thus, integrating sustainability considerations in small business lending can support global sustainability efforts. In surveying German banks, I show that banks are in the process of implementing sustainable small business lending. They put more emphasis on sustainability risks than on the transformation of the business model among small businesses. Sustainable relationship lending has some relevance in creating sustainability-related soft information, although respective hard information is preferred by banks. Banks and policymakers can use the findings to better apply sustainable small business lending to sustainability and resilience efforts.

A Brief Review of Vulnerability, Preparedness and Resilience Measures of Anticipated Istanbul Earthquake

This review examines the seismic vulnerability of Istanbul, a city uniquely positioned at the crossroads of Asia and Europe and exposed to significant earthquake risks due to the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). By synthesizing data on historical seismic events, urban development patterns, and current building and infrastructure resilience, the paper highlights the complexities of disaster management in a densely populated and rapidly growing metropolis. It critically evaluates the effectiveness of existing preparedness and mitigation strategies, including legislative frameworks, urban planning policies, and community-based resilience efforts. The review also identifies gaps in the current approach to earthquake risk reduction and suggests areas for improvement, emphasizing the need for an integrated, multi-sectoral approach to enhance the city's capacity to withstand and recover from future seismic events. The findings underscore the importance of proactive planning and the adoption of innovative technologies in building a resilient Istanbul.

Resilience of Muslimah Sex Workers: Fulfilment of Children's Rights Based on Fiqh Hadhanah and The Child Protection Law

This research study aims to further explore and delve into the resilience efforts of Muslimah sex workers in fulfilling their children's rights as mandated by Hadhanah jurisprudence and the Child Protection Law, which has become a living law in society. This is socio-legal research with a case study in Wisata Karaoke (ex-localization), Suko, Malang, Indonesia. The method of data collection used in this study is in-depth interviews with four muslimah prostitutes who have children, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that Muslimah sex workers employ two resilience models in fulfilling their children's rights. The first resilience model involves placing their children in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), considered authoritative childcare institutions. The second resilience model consists of entrusting their children to immediate family members, such as grandparents and aunts, who are perceived to be free from negative influences like promiscuity and alcohol consumption, which are commonly associated with the world of prostitution. Both resilience models are based on mitigation efforts to prevent their children from falling into the same cycle of prostitution as their mothers. This research contributes to becoming new policy material for scholars, government, legislators, and academics in initiating the formation of childcare institutions around ex-localizations as a guarantee of continuity, protection, and fulfillment of the rights of abandoned prostitutes' children.

Socio-educational practices of community environmental educators from territories affected by socio-environmental conflicts and socio-natural disasters in Chile: roles, ethics, and methodologies

This article analyzes the socio-educational practices of environmental educators in Chile, residents in territories affected by socio-environmental conflicts and socio-natural disasters. It is an empirical investigation, where 19 professional environmental educators were interviewed to learn about the roles, ethical dimension and methodological components of their interventions. The results reveal the ethical and political dimensions of their actions, which combine education with environmental activism/defense and pave the way for different beliefs and sets of knowledge to interact, making it possible to engage in memory practices and anticipate the impact of disasters and conflicts. The role of educators largely consists of science communication, environmental stewardship, and resilience efforts informed by the ethic of care and interdependence. Socio-educational practices offer great opportunities to explore new society-nature connections, which can help improve the balance of the systems that support the reproduction of life.

Integrating Remote Sensing and Ground-Based Data for Enhanced Spatial–Temporal Analysis of Heatwaves: A Machine Learning Approach

In response to the urgent global threat posed by human-induced extreme climate hazards, heatwaves are still systematically under-reported and under-researched in Thailand. This region is confronting a significant rise in heat-related mortality, which has resulted in hundreds of deaths, underscoring a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. This research article is one of the first to present a solution for assessing heatwave dynamics, using machine learning (ML) algorithms and geospatial technologies in this country. It analyzes heatwave metrics like heatwave number (HWN), heatwave frequency (HWF), heatwave duration (HWD), heatwave magnitude (HWM), and heatwave amplitude (HWA), combining satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) data with ground-based air temperature (Tair) observations from 1981 to 2019. The result reveals significant marked increases in both the frequency and intensity of daytime heatwaves in peri-urban areas, with the most pronounced changes being a 0.45-day/year in HWN, a 2.00-day/year in HWF, and a 0.27-day/year in HWD. This trend is notably less pronounced in urban areas. Conversely, rural regions are experiencing a significant escalation in nighttime heatwaves, with increases of 0.39 days/year in HWN, 1.44 days/year in HWF, and 0.14 days/year in HWD. Correlation analysis (p<0.05) reveals spatial heterogeneity in heatwave dynamics, with robust daytime correlations between Tair and LST in rural (HWN, HWF, HWD, r>0.90) and peri-urban (HWM, HWA, r>0.65) regions. This study emphasizes the importance of considering microclimatic variations in heatwave analysis, offering insights for targeted intervention strategies. It demonstrates how enhancing remote sensing with ML can facilitate the spatial–temporal analysis of heatwaves across diverse environments. This approach identifies critical risk areas in Thailand, guiding resilience efforts and serving as a model for managing similar microclimates, extending the applicability of this study. Overall, the study provides policymakers and stakeholders with potent tools for climate action and effective heatwave management. Furthermore, this research contributes to mitigating the impacts of extreme climate events, promoting resilience, and fostering environmental sustainability.