Effluent Culture Research Articles

The effect of irrigation with fish pond waste water on the quality and yield of tomato under green houses

This study was carried out during the seasons of 2008_2009 to study effect of irrigation with fish culture effluent on quality and Lycopersicum esculentum (under green house) yield of tomato. The experiment consisted of four treatments: Irrigation with freshwater. (control), irrigation with fish culture effluent, irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent twice and freshwater once, irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once. The experiment was done according to the completely randomized block design with four replicates. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed. Results of the study showed: The irrigation in waste water fish ponds adds positive effect on quality and yield of Tomato under green house. This effect of water was on the irrigation with fishculture effluent increase the yield 17.82 Kg/m2 firstly followed by the treatment of irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent twice and freshwater once by yielding 15.47 Kg/m2. After that it was on irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once by yielding 12.42 Kg/m2 comparing with-irrigation of freshwater. Which give lower yield 8.88 Kg/m2.

Recent advances in novel diagnostic testing for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis remains a significant complication and an important cause of technique failure. Based on current International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines, diagnosis of peritonitis is made when two of the three following criteria are met: 1) clinical features consistent with peritonitis; 2) dialysis effluent white blood cell count of >100 cells/μL; 3) positive effluent culture. However, early and accurate diagnosis can still be faulty, and emphasis has been placed on improving the timeliness and accuracy of diagnosis to facilitate early effective treatment. There have been advances in the novel diagnostic tests such as point-of-care molecular tests, genetics sequencing, mass spectrometry, and machine learning algorithm with immune fingerprinting. This article will discuss the latest evidence and updates of these tests in the management of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.

Mycobacteria avium-related peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis: case report and review of the literature

BackgroundMycobacteria avium (M. avium) is a species of ubiquitous slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. It causes opportunistic infections. However, M. avium-related peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is rare.Case presentationA 51-year-old female end-stage kidney disease patient undergoing PD was admitted for a noninfectious complication. She presented catheter exit site drainage and slightly increased PD effluent white cell count (WCC) with polymorphonuclear predominance on admission. Exit site infection and PD-related peritonitis were diagnosed. Repeated cultures of effluent and drainage were negative. Initial empirical antibiotics and further adjustment were not rewarding. PD was terminated 2 weeks later, however, shortly the patient developed stupor, high fever, peritoneal irritation, and spontaneous chylous ascites, and showed elevated ascitic adenosine deaminase (ADA). The manifestations persisted and the patient’s general condition deteriorated despite intensified antibiotic therapy. Massive parallel sequencing identified M. avium in ascites on hospital day 25, and 4-drug treatment with azithromycin, amikacin, rifampin, and ethambutol was initiated. Nevertheless, the patient died from sepsis on hospital day 30.ConclusionsWe report a case of PD-related M. avium peritonitis. Prolonged culture-negative peritonitis, chylous ascites, and elevated ascitic ADA may hint the possibility of mycobacterial infections. Diagnostic method allowing prompt identification of the pathogen is warranted. The prognosis can be extremely poor, and the prophylaxis and treatment should be better defined.

Identification of soluble tissue-derived biomarkers from human thyroid tissue explants maintained on a microfluidic device.

Although a large cohort of potential biomarkers for thyroid cancer aggressiveness have been tested in various formats in recent years, to the best of our knowledge, thyroglobulin and calcitonin remain the only two established biomarkers associated with thyroid cancer management. Our group has recently validated a novel means of maintaining live, human ex vivo thyroid tissue within a tissue-on-chip format. The present pilot study aimed to interrogate the tissue effluent, containing all the soluble markers released by the tissue samples maintained within the devices' tissue chamber, for the presence of markers potentially associated with thyroid cancer aggressiveness. Culture effluent from tissue samples harvested from 19 individual patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for the treatment of suspected thyroid cancer was assessed, first using a proteome profiler™ angiogenesis array kit. Patients were subcategorised as 'aggressive' if they possessed a minimum of N1b level metastases, whilst 'non-aggressive' samples were T3 or lower without evidence of multifocality; and contralateral healthy thyroid tissue was harvested for comparative studies. Levels of Serpin-F1, vascular endothelial growth factor, Thrombospondin-1 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand were significantly altered and, thus, were further investigated using ELISA to allow for quantitative analysis. The concentration of serpin-F1 was significantly increased in the effluent of aggressive thyroid cancer tissue when compared with levels released by both non-aggressive and benign samples. The present study demonstrated the usability of microfluidic technology for the analysis of the ex vivo tissue secretome in order to identify novel biomarkers.

Candida glabrata Infection: A Rare Complication of Chest Trauma

Candida species are fungi, which are ubiquitous organisms. It is a normal flora of the oral cavity, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract. An increasing incidence of fungal infections with Candida species has been noted in immunocompromised patients such as intensive care, postsurgical, and neutropenic patients. Candida species are detected in approximately 31 to 55% of healthy individuals. They are more common in immunocompromised individuals. Colonization rates increase with severity of illness and duration of hospitalization. We present a 32-year-old male who presented at our institution with a thoracoabdominal penetrating injury following assault. He had injury to the stomach and left hemi diaphragm, with moderate hemothorax. He had surgery done with repair of the stomach and diaphragm. He however developed chest infection with empyma thoracis thereafter. Culture of the pleural effluent revealed growth of Canddida glabrata which was sensitive to Ketoconazole. He was treated for two weeks and subsequently discharged from the ward and followed up in the clinic. Though C. glabrata infection of the chest is rare, it is however useful to exclude fungal infection in patients with empyema thoracic, as early diagnosis and treatment provides good outcome.

Evaluating the potential bioextractive capacity of South Florida native macroalgae Agardhiella subulata for use in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)

With the expansion of marine aquaculture throughout the world comes a need for solutions to improve the economic viability and environmental sustainability of farming operations. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) has been identified as a promising method of farming that typically combines multiple cultured species in connected systems in an effort to decrease the concentration of nutrients expelled as waste products from intensive finfish culture while also increasing commercial profits via subsequent extractive biomass production. This study examined the effectiveness of South Florida native red macroalgal species Agardhiella subulata for use as a productive, nutrient-extracting species for IMTA in the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean regions. When cultured in a pilot-scale, land-based IMTA system for replicated 15 day trials with American red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, A. subulata grew up to 14.4% d−1 and significantly decreased the concentration of all measured dissolved inorganic nutrients in the effluent water. The average percent (% ± SE) removal of nutrients were: 68.8 ± 4.8 ammonia, 94.5 ± 1.3 nitrate, 96.6 ± 2.0 nitrite, and 93.2 ± 3.1 phosphate from primary culture effluents. Further evidence of A. subulata fitness for commercial IMTA practices is shown through significantly high bulk nitrogen tissue concentration of experimental (nutrient-enriched) compared to control (un-enriched) groups. Results of this study demonstrate the efficient growth and nutrient removal capabilities of A. subulata when used in IMTA applications with marine finfish production in warm water environments, as may be encountered in marine aquaculture projects in the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean regions.

A case of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii

BackgroundRhodococcus kroppenstedtii is an aerobic, gram-positive bacterium firstly identified in the environment, which has not been reported in human-related infection. Herein, we reported the first case of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by R. kroppenstedtii which was identified by whole genome sequencing.Case presentationA 69-year-old man was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain and fever. Over the last 2 years, he had been undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) due to end-stage renal disease. Clinical symptom and sign in combination with laboratory examinations supported the clinical diagnosis of PD-associated peritonitis. Thus, ceftizoxime and teicoplanin were empirically used after PD effluent was collected for bacterial culture. A gram-positive bacterium was found from the PD effluent culture, which could not be identified by either Vitek 2 Compact ANC card or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The strain was finally confirmed to be R. kroppenstedtii by whole genome sequencing (WGS) through the average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis. With a continuous treatment with teicoplanin and imipenem for 15 days and intraperitoneal catheter removed, the infection symptom was improved evidenced by a normal body temperature, also with white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) dropped to normal levels. Peritoneal dialysis effluent culture showed a negative result. Then, hemodialysis and arteriovenous fistula angioplasty were performed, but the patient developed a progressive blood pressure loss, accompanied by multiple organ disorder, and died on Feb 25, 2020.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report a peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by R. kroppenstedtii which was identified by average nucleotide identity analysis based on WGS.

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Mycobacteroides massiliense: the first case and review of the literature

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by nontuberculous Mycobacterium is rare; however, the number of cases has increased over the past decades. Mycobacteroides massiliense is a subspecies of the Mycobacteroides abscessus complex. It has different clinical characteristics compared to the other subspecies of the complex. Previous case reports of PD-associated peritonitis caused by Mycobacteroides abscessus complex have not distinguished the subspecies in detail.Case presentationA 40-year-old man presented with an exit-site and tunnel infection refractory to antibiotic therapy. Peritonitis occurred after simultaneous catheter removal and reinsertion. The Mycobacteroides abscessus complex was detected in the culture of the dialysis effluent. Removal of the PD catheter combined with antibiotics, including macrolides, resulted in a good clinical course. Further analysis of multiplex PCR and the hsp65 gene sequence identified the bacterium as Mycobacteroides massiliense.ConclusionsThe Mycobacteroides abscessus complex is classified into three subspecies; Mycobacteroides abscessus, Mycobacteroides massiliense, and Mycobacteroides bolletii. These have different characteristics, particularly antibiotic susceptibility. Therefore, clear identification of the subspecies of the Mycobacteroides abscessus complex is necessary for definitive treatment.

Germination of Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) under Shrimp Culture Effluents and the Application of Vermicompost Leachate for Mitigating Salt Stress

Attenuators of salt-stress favor the use of effluents, being a low-cost organic product. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of vermicompost leachate (VL) added to shrimp-culture effluent on seeds and seedlings of Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) under salt-stress, evaluating germination, water relations variables, and biomass. Seeds were irrigated with distilled water (DW) (CE: 0.0027 dS m−1), freshwater (FW) (CE: 1.36 dS m−1), seawater (SW) (CE: 55.83 dS m−1), shrimp residual water (SRW) (CE: 59.85 dS m−1), and with the same water sources but adding VL in 1:20 v/v. The means for the index of germination rate (IGR), germination energy (GE), and germination time (MGT) were higher with DW, DWVL, FW, and FWVL, decreasing with the others (p ≤ 0.05). In seedlings, the lowest water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψs) were observed with SW, SWVL, SRW, and SRWVL (p ≤ 0.05), evidencing higher stress but the highest relative water content (RWC). The fresh and dry biomass increased and showed significant differences with SRW, and adding VL (DWVL, FWVL, SWVL, and SRWVL) acted as an effective attenuator of salt-stress. The response of water relations variables suggested an osmotic adjustment for mitigating the salt-stress in seedlings, lowering the Ψw and Ψs but increasing the RWC.

Association of Local Unit Sampling and Microbiology Laboratory Culture Practices With the Ability to Identify Causative Pathogens in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis in Thailand

IntroductionThis describes variations in facility peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent (PDE) culture techniques and local microbiology laboratory practices, competencies, and quality assurance associated with peritonitis, with a specific emphasis on factors associated with culture-negative peritonitis (CNP).MethodsPeritonitis data were prospectively collected from 22 Thai PD centers between May 2016 and October 2017 as part of the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. The first cloudy PD bags from PD participants with suspected peritonitis were sent to local and central laboratories for comparison of pathogen identification. The associations between these characteristics and CNP were evaluated.ResultsCNP was significantly more frequent in local laboratories (38%) compared with paired PDE samples sent to the central laboratory (12%, P < 0.05). Marked variations were observed in PD center practices, particularly with respect to specimen collection and processing, which often deviated from International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Guideline recommendations, and laboratory capacities, capabilities, and certification. Lower rates of CNP were associated with PD nurse specimen collection, centrifugation of PDE, immediate transfer of samples to the laboratory, larger hospital size, larger PD unit size, availability of an on-site nephrologist, higher laboratory capacity, and laboratory ability to perform aerobic cultures, undertake standard operating procedures in antimicrobial susceptibilities, and obtain local accreditation.ConclusionThere were large variations in PD center and laboratory capacities, capabilities, and practices, which in turn were associated with the likelihood of culturing and correctly identifying organisms responsible for causing PD-associated peritonitis. Deviations in practice from International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guideline recommendations were associated with higher CNP rates.

Variability in Culture-Negative Peritonitis Rates in Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Programs in the United States.

International guidelines suggest a target culture-negative peritonitis rate of <15% among patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis. Through a pediatric multicenter dialysis collaborative, we identified variable rates of culture-negative peritonitis among participating centers. We sought to evaluate whether specific practices are associated with the variability in culture-negative rates between low- and high-culture-negative rate centers. Thirty-two pediatric dialysis centers within the Standardizing Care to Improve Outcomes in Pediatric End Stage Renal Disease (SCOPE) collaborative contributed prospective peritonitis data between October 1, 2011 and March 30, 2017. Clinical practice and patient characteristics were compared between centers with a ≤20% rate of culture-negative peritonitis (low-rate centers) and centers with a rate >20% (high-rate centers). In addition, centers completed a survey focused on center-specific peritoneal dialysis effluent culture techniques. During the 5.5 years of observation, 1113 patients had 1301 catheters placed, totaling 19,025 patient months. There were 620 episodes of peritonitis in 378 patients with 411 catheters; cultures were negative in 165 (27%) peritonitis episodes from 125 (33%) patients and 128 (31%) catheters. Low-rate centers more frequently placed catheters with a downward-facing exit site and two cuffs (P<0.001), whereas high-rate centers had more patients perform dialysis themselves without the assistance of an adult care provider (P<0.001). The survey demonstrated that peritoneal dialysis effluent culture techniques were highly variable across centers. No consistent practice or technique helped to differentiate low- and high-rate centers. Culture-negative peritonitis is a frequent complication of maintenance peritoneal dialysis in children. Despite published recommendations for dialysis effluent collection and culture methods, great variability in culture techniques and procedures exists among individual dialysis programs and respective laboratory processes.

Recycling of Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater by Extremophilic Microalgae with High Ammonia Tolerance.

This study explored the possibility of incorporating extremophilic algal cultivation into dairy wastewater treatment by characterizing a unique algal strain. Results showed that extremophilic microalgae Chlorella vulgaris CA1 newly isolated from dairy wastewater tolerated a high level of ammonia nitrogen (2.7 g/L), which was over 20 times the ammonia nitrogen that regular Chlorella sp. could tolerate. The isolate was mixotrophically cultured in dairy effluent treated by anaerobic digestion (AD) for recycling nutrients and polishing the wastewater. The highest biomass content of 13.3 g/L and protein content of 43.4% were achieved in the culture in AD effluent. Up to 96% of the total nitrogen and 79% of the total phosphorus were removed from the dairy AD effluent. The ability of the algae to tolerate a high level of ammonia nitrogen suggests the potential for direct nutrient recycling from dairy wastewater while producing algal biomass and high value bioproducts.

First Report of Tsukamurella conjunctivitidis CAPD-related Peritonitis

First Report of Tsukamurella conjunctivitidis CAPD-related Peritonitis

P1188ICODEXTRIN-INDUCED CHEMICAL PERITONITIS IN A PATIENT WITH CARDIORENAL SYNDROME

Abstract Background and Aims The main cause of morbidity among patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains peritonitis. However there are rare references in published literature about the development of sterile peritonitis related to exposure to PD materials used to overcome the complications from glucose solutions.The objective of the present case report is to enhance clinical suspicion in order to avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatment or catheter removal. Case description A 56-year-old male became dialysis dependent from June 2017 due to cardiorenal syndrome type II, after multiple hospitalizations for pulmonary edema within a year. The patient was prescribed icodextrin 7,5% as a single 10-hour nocturnal dwell with dry day period in continuous ambulatory PD .At his scheduled appointment during drainage of the nighttime dialysate, slightly cloudy effluent with a lot of pale yellow substances “sesame” like, were observed without any signs of peritonitis or pathology from the Catheter exit site based on Twardowski classification.The dialysate contained 600 cells/ml. The floating yellow substances after laboratory and light microscopy examination accumulated epithilium cells with rare macrophages were found.Due to these findings,icodextrin was discontinued and empiric antibiotic therapy started including intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin and ceftazidime .After 3 days the floating substances disappeared and the number of cells in dialysate progressively decreased but not within the normal range so empirical antifungal therapy was decided. Daily repeated aerobic, anaerobic and fungal cultures of effluent and blood were negative as well the culture of exit site. ADA (adenosine deaminase test) and β-koch culture were also negative. Computed tomography scan of abdomen and colonoscopy showed no pathology.Due to fluid overload an additional long-term dwell of icodextrin solution was initiated.The re-exposure doubled the number of cells (310 cells/ml) and a second sample was sent for cytological examination which showed plenty of hyperplastic mesothelial cells in piles and isolated, abundant mature lymphocytes, few polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as several mast cells. Based on these observations peritoneal cavity remained empty for 24 hours. Afterwards a 4-hour exchange of glucose-containing solution of 1,36%, 2,27%, 3,86% and finally of icodextrin was held once daily. The cells were 155, 120, 105 and 450/ml respectively with lymphocytes and mast cells being predominant.Based on these data, it was considered that the exposure to icodextrin produced hypersensitivity and the empiric antibiotic therapy was discontinued.The catheter was removed and sent for culturing which was negative.The biopsy of peritoneal membrane revealed mild fibrous sclerotic lesions, fibrous texture, partially collagenized membrane lacking mesothelial lining and exhibiting sparse chronic nonspecific inflammatory infiltration involving rare neutrophilic leukocytes. Plenty of small blood vessels were observed, with no immunomorphological features including IgG4 staining. These findings were attributed to chemical peritonitis from icodextrin solution ant the patient switched dialysis modality. Discussion:the use of icodextrin in peritoneal dialysis patients has numerous advantages over glucose-based dialysates including improved ultrafiltration, better fluid control and less hypertension, especially in patients with cardiorenal syndrome. In the face of evident benefits, clinicians should, however, be aware of the potential of icodextrin to induce chemical sterile peritonitis.

Peritoneal Catheter Removal for Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis Caused by Gram-Negative, Rod-Like &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; Infection During Antibiotic Therapy for &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt;

Peritonitis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and can result in PD catheter removal, permanent hemodialysis, and, potentially, death. Prediction and prevention of PD-related peritonitis are thus extremely important. In 2016, the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis published guidelines for patients with peritonitis undergoing PD. The guidelines cover most cases of PD-related peritonitis caused by bacteria and include clear indications for catheter removal. However, difficulties often arise when deciding the timing of catheter removal. When multiple enteric organisms are identified in a culture of dialysis effluent, peritonitis may be caused by intra-abdominal pathology, which is associated with substantial mortality. In such cases, catheter removal is considered. In this report, we describe a case in which, during antibiotic therapy for PD-related peritonitis due to Enterococcus faecalis alone, the patient developed a relapse of peritonitis caused by a newly detected Gram-negative, rod-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. He required catheter removal because of the possibility of peritonitis recurrence. Although additional study is required, early catheter removal may be effective when a new organism is detected during antibiotic therapy for PD-related peritonitis caused by an organism not meeting the definition of refractory peritonitis.

Microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus em meios de cultivo visando à produção de biodiesel

O biodiesel tem-se destacado como uma das opções mais viáveis para promover a gradativa redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis. Neste contexto, as microalgas surgem como matéria-prima promissora, uma vez que apresentam produtividade de lipídios superior à das oleaginosas utilizadas na produção deste biocombustível, além da capacidade de biorremediação de águas residuárias e de grande absorção de CO2. Contudo, o elevado custo dos nutrientes empregados na preparação dos meios de cultivos dificulta a implementação em escala real. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento da microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus em três meios de cultura: dois sintéticos, Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM) e Wright’s Cryptophyte (WC), e um alternativo, com efluente de tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto doméstico do reator tipo Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), a fim de minimizar os custos e viabilizar a produção de biodiesel. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o cultivo com efluente de UASB obteve a maior densidade celular e não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação aos meios sintéticos, o que revela uma alternativa viável de cultivo. Diante disso, concluiu-se que a utilização de resíduos líquidos oriundos do tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto doméstico pode aumentar a viabilidade dos cultivos com vistas à produção de biodiesel, uma vez que permitem redução de custos ao substituir os meios sintéticos.

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis outcomes reported in trials and observational studies: A systematic review.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis carries significant morbidity, mortality, and is a leading cause of PD technique failure. This study aimed to assess the scope and variability of PD-associated peritonitis reported in randomized trials and observational studies. Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched from 2007 to June 2018 for randomized trials and observational studies in adult and pediatric patients on PD that reported PD-associated peritonitis as a primary outcome or as a part of composite primary outcome. We assessed the peritonitis definitions used, characteristics of peritonitis, and outcome reporting and analysis. Seventy-seven studies were included, three were randomized trials. Thirty-eight (49%) of the included studies were registry-based observational studies. Twenty-nine percent (n = 22) of the studies did not specify how PD-associated peritonitis was defined. Among those providing a definition of peritonitis, three components were reported: effluent cell count (n = 42, 54%), clinical features consistent with peritonitis (e.g. abdominal pain and/or cloudy dialysis effluent) (n = 35, 45%), and positive effluent culture (n = 19, 25%). Of those components, 1 was required to make the diagnosis in 6 studies (8%), 2 out of 2 were required in 22 studies (29%), 2 out of 3 in 11 studies (14%), and 3 out of 3 in 4 studies (5%). Peritonitis characteristics and outcomes reported across studies included culture-negative peritonitis (n = 47, 61%), refractory peritonitis (n = 42, 55%), repeat peritonitis (n = 9, 12%), relapsing peritonitis (n = 5, 7%), concomitant exit site (n = 16, 21%), and tunnel infections (n = 8, 10%). Peritonitis-related hospitalization was reported in 38% of the studies (n = 29), and peritonitis-related mortality was variably defined and reported in 55% of the studies (n = 42). Peritonitis rate was most frequently reported as episodes per patient year (n = 40, 52%). Large variability exists in the definitions, methods of reporting, and analysis of PD-associated peritonitis across trials and observational studies. Standardizing definitions for reporting of peritonitis and associated outcomes will better enable assessment of the comparative effect of interventions on peritonitis. This will facilitate continuous quality improvement measures through reliable benchmarking of this patient-important outcome across centers and countries.

The effect of irrigation with wastewater fish ponds on the quality of peanut, (Arahis hypogeae)

The research was carried out at Alsen research center of the General Authority for Fisheries in the Banias region–Tartus Governorate - during two agricultural seasons 2018-2019, in order to study the effect of irrigation with fish culture effluent on some morphological characteristics and some productive characteristics of peanut yield (Syrian 1). The experiment consisted of five treatments: Irrigation with freshwater. (control, T1), irrigation with fish culture effluent (T2), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent tri and freshwater once (T3), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once (T4), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater tri (T5). The experiment was done according to the completely randomized block design with three replicates. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed. Results of the study showed: The irrigation in waste water fish ponds adds positive effect on the morphological characteristics and improves the productive characteristics. It was observed that irrigation with water of mature fish ponds exceeded of the witness.(control). The research concluded to highlight the importance of using the drainage water of fish ponds to irrigate the peanut crop (Syrian-1) for the richness of this water with dissolved solids.

Enhanced production of biomass and lipids by Euglena gracilis via co-culturing with a microalga growth-promoting bacterium, Emticicia sp. EG3

BackgroundEuglena gracilis, a unicellular flagellated microalga, is regarded as one of the most promising species as microalgal feedstock for biofuels. Its lipids (mainly wax esters) are suitable for biodiesel and jet fuel. Culture of E. gracilis using wastewater effluent will improve the economics of E. gracilis biofuel production. Enhancement of the productivity of E. gracilis biomass is critical to creating a highly efficient biofuels production system. Certain bacteria have been found to promote microalgal growth by creating a favorable microenvironment. These bacteria have been characterized as microalgae growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB). Co-culture of microalgae with MGPB might offer an effective strategy to enhance microalgal biomass production in wastewater effluent culture systems. However, no MGPB has been identified to enhance the growth of E. gracilis. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to isolate and characterize the MGPB effective for E. gracilis and to demonstrate that the isolated MGPB indeed enhances the production of biomass and lipids by E. gracilis in wastewater effluent culture system.ResultsA bacterium, Emticicia sp. EG3, which is capable of promoting the growth of microalga E. gracilis, was isolated from an E. gracilis-municipal wastewater effluent culture. Biomass production rate of E. gracilis was enhanced 3.5-fold and 3.1-fold by EG3 in the co-culture system using a medium of heat-sterilized and non-sterilized wastewater effluent, respectively, compared to growth in the same effluent culture but without EG3. Two-step culture system was examined as follows: E. gracilis was cultured with or without EG3 in wastewater effluent in the first step and was further grown in wastewater effluent in the second step. Production yields of biomass and lipids by E. gracilis were enhanced 3.2-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively, in the second step of the system in which E. gracilis was co-cultured with EG3 in the first step.ConclusionEmticicia sp. EG3 is the first MGPB for E. gracilis. Growth-promoting bacteria such as EG3 will be promising agents for enhancing E. gracilis biomass/biofuel productivities.

MON-074 INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY: A CLOUDY BAG DOES NOT ALWAYS EQUAL PERITONITIS

Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) requiring prompt treatment with intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics. PD peritonitis is diagnosed when at least two of the following are present: 1) clinical features consistent with peritonitis, 2) dialysis effluent white cell count >100μL with >50% polymorphonuclear cells and 3) positive dialysis effluent culture.