Efficient Test Research Articles

Gwforge: a user-friendly package to generate gravitational-wave mock data

Abstract Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors, with their improved sensitivity and wider frequency bandwidth, will be capable of observing almost every compact binary coalescence signal from epochs before the first stars began to form, increasing the number of detectable binaries to hundreds of thousands annually. This will enable us to observe compact objects through cosmic time, probe extreme matter phenomena, do precision cosmology, study gravity in strong field dynamical regimes and potentially allow observation of fundamental physics beyond the standard model. However, the richer data sets produced by these detectors will pose new computational, physical and astrophysical challenges, necessitating the development of novel algorithms and data analysis strategies. To aid in these efforts, this paper introduces gwforge, a user-friendly, lightweight Python package, to generate mock data for next-generation detectors. gwforge allows users to seamlessly simulate data while abstracting away technical complexities, enabling more efficient testing and development of analysis pipelines. Additionally, the package’s data generation process is optimized using high-throughput systems like HTCondor, significantly speeding up the simulation of large populations of gravitational-wave events. We demonstrate the package’s capabilities through data simulation examples and highlight a few potential applications: performance loss due to foreground noise, bright-siren cosmology and impact of waveform systematics on binary parameter estimation.

Machine-readable specification and intelligent cloud-based execution of logical test cases for automated driving functions

The scenario-based verification and validation of highly automated driving functions requires extensive testing using a mix of interconnected test methods with varying degrees of virtualization, ranging from faster-than-real-time scenario exploration in software-in-the-loop simulations to in-vehicle testing. The efficiency of scenario-based test procedures is continuously improving, especially in the simulation domain with the introduction of parallel execution in the cloud, parameter variation algorithms and established standards for driving scenario specification. In contrast, current test case specifications are very tool- and project-specific and often not machine-readable, hindering the exchange, reuse and automation of scenario-based tests across all test platforms. This paper presents a novel machine-readable test specification format for scenario-based testing implemented as an XML schema. Its data structure incorporates logical or concrete scenarios within preconditions, inputs and pass criteria for automated driving functions following established test standards such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119. The format enables a tool-agnostic specification, reuse and exchange of scenario-based tests for simulation-based and in-vehicle testing. A cloud-simulation workflow has been developed that exploits the automation potential offered by the format. By means of testing a highway ramp-on function, a logical test case is generated and automatically imported into the simulator. For efficiently exploring the parameter space of the logical test case, a novel parameter variation method is applied. The combination of a dedicated test case format, intelligent scenario exploration methods and a state-of-the-art cloud simulation platform results in a highly efficient scenario-based test procedure.

Optimizing Selenium Grid for Parallel Testing A Comprehensive Guide

Effective parallel testing has become essential for modern software development, enabling faster feedback loops and reducing overall testing time. Selenium Grid, a tool widely used for distributed test execution, plays a crucial role in supporting parallel testing across multiple browsers, devices, and environments. However, optimizing Selenium Grid for efficient parallel testing requires a thoughtful approach to setup, configuration, and resource management. This comprehensive guide explores best practices for configuring Selenium Grid to maximize concurrency, minimize bottlenecks, and ensure consistent performance. Key topics include setting up and scaling nodes, managing browser instances, enhancing test stability, and implementing strategies for robust fault tolerance. This guide also dives into performance monitoring and resource allocation techniques, highlighting ways to identify and resolve system inefficiencies that could hinder test execution. By following these optimization techniques, QA teams can achieve faster, more reliable test execution, reduce maintenance overhead, and improve the overall quality and speed of their release cycles.

A Safe and Convenient Method to Isolate Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Clinical Practice.

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) are becoming a promising cell therapy in regeneration medicine. BMMNCs are now obtained by density gradient centrifugation (DGC) in clinical practice, which is complicated and greatly influenced by human manipulation. Our objective is to develop a simple and safe method to isolate BMMNCs. Bone marrow was aspirated from nine minipigs. The optimal hypotonic sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration was first investigated based on the BMMNCs viability and lysis efficiency tests. Afterward, three different methods (ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) lysis, hypotonic NaCl lysis, and DGC) were used for BMMNCs isolation. Nucleated cell yield, residual red blood cells (RBCs) level, BMMNCs viability, apoptotic cell percentage, and colony-forming ability were measured in three groups. Cell morphology, cell phenotype, proliferative capacity, and osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineage differentiation potential of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were compared in three groups. 0.3% NaCl lysis group had optimal cell viability and lysis efficiency and the 0.3% NaCl lysis group had higher cell yield and lower RBCs remaining in BMMNCs compared to the DGC group. The BMSCs harvested from the NH4Cl lysis group had the worst proliferation ability. The NaCl lysis group was not inferior to the other two groups in terms of other biological characteristics of BMMNCs/BMSCs. The optimal concentration for hypotonic NaCl lysis to obtain BMMNCs is 0.3%. Compared with NH4Cl lysis and DGC, the 0.3% NaCl lysis may be a safe, appropriate, and low-cost method for BMMNCs isolation. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Microfluidic Nanobioplatform-Based Immunosensor for Monitoring of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin-D3

Abstract Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (25-VitD3) is crucial because its deficiency is linked to a variety of disorders, including osteoporosis, diabetes, depression, some autoimmune conditions, and even Covid-19. Hence, it is important to find new methods for efficient rapid testing for clinical diagnosis and public health prevention. Here, a new nanomaterial-based microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor towards the determination of 25-VitD3 using microwave synthesized gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GdNPs) is presented. Mask-less lithography was used to create a micro-fluidic nano-bioplatform (MNBP) and three-electrode immunosensor on a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. To fabricate MNBP (BSA/AB-25VitD3/CS@GdNPs/ITO), the working electrodes were functionalized with GdNPs, AB-25VitD3, and BSA (bovine serum albumin) in that order. The electrochemical response induced by the immunocomplex was measured in individual 25-VitD3 concentrations (1-100 ng mL-1). This immunosensor exhibited a higher sensitivity of 5.99 ng mL-1, limits of detection of 4.5 ng mL-1, and an analysis time of 30 minutes. In addition, clinical serum samples from three healthy people were used to validate the MNBP-based immunosensor, which showed a strong correlation with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The use of proposed immunosensor to serum samples would allow early detection of 25-VitD3 deficiency, particularly in rural and resource-constrained settings.

Non-invasive multi-cancer detection using DNA hypomethylation of LINE-1 retrotransposons.

The detection of circulating tumor DNA, which allows non-invasive tumor molecular profiling and disease follow-up, promises optimal and individualized management of patients with cancer. However, detecting small fractions of tumor DNA released when the tumor burden is reduced remains a challenge. We implemented a new highly sensitive strategy to detect base-pair resolution methylation patterns from plasma DNA and assessed the potential of hypomethylation of LINE-1 retrotransposons as a non-invasive multi-cancer detection biomarker. The DIAMOND (Detection of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element Altered Methylation ON plasma DNA) method targets 30-40,000 young L1 scattered throughout the genome, covering about 100,000 CpG sites and is based on a reference-free analysis pipeline. Resulting machine learning-based classifiers showed powerful correct classification rates discriminating healthy and tumor plasmas from 6 types of cancers (colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, gastric cancers and uveal melanoma including localized stages) in two independent cohorts (AUC = 88% to 100%, N = 747). DIAMOND can also be used to perform copy number alterations (CNA) analysis which improves cancer detection. This should lead to the development of more efficient non-invasive diagnostic tests adapted to all cancer patients, based on the universality of these factors.

An Electrochemical Screening Reactor Kit for Rapid Optimization of Electrosynthesis Applications

Electrosynthetic processes powered by renewable energy present a viable solution to decarbonize chemical industry, while producing essential chemical products for modern society. However, replacing well‐established thermocatalytic methods with renewable‐powered electrosynthesis requires cost‐efficient and highly optimized systems. Current optimization of electrolysis conditions towards industrial applications involving scalable electrodes is time consuming highlighting the necessity for the development of electrochemical setups for aimed at rapid and material efficient testing. Thus, we introduce a 3D printed electrochemical screening reactor designed for rapid optimization of relevant electrochemical parameters, utilizing electrode and membrane materials comparable to those in scalable electrolyzers. The reactor comprises eight individual two‐compartment cells that can be operated simultaneously and independently. To evaluate the reactor’s ability to provide meaningful insights on scalable cell designs, trends were compared with data from conventional scalable systems for electrochemical hydrogenations (EChH), demonstrating fast and accurate parameter optimization with the screening reactor. A detailed description of the reactor design and construction data files using open‐source tool are provided, enabling easy modification for anyone. We believe this screening reactor will be a valuable tool for the scientific community, for facilitating the discovery of reactions with customized electrode designs and rapidly improving conditions in established large‐scale electrolyzers.

Automation of Biochemical Assays Using an Open-sourced, Inexpensive Robotic Liquid Handler.

High Throughput Screening is crucial in pharmaceutical companies for efficient testing in drug discovery and development. Our Vaccines Analytical Research and Development Department (V-AR&D) extensively uses Robotic Liquid Handlers in their High Throughput Analytics (HTA) group for assay development and sample screening. However, these instruments are expensive and require extensive training. Opentrons' OT-2 liquid handler offers a more affordable option (< $10,000) with Python programming language and open-source flexibility, reducing training requirements. OT-2 allows broadening of testing capabilities and method transfer without significant capital investments. Two biochemical assays were conducted to assess OT-2′s performance, and it demonstrated accurate pipetting with low covariance compared to Tecan-EVO liquid handlers. Though OT-2 has some limitations such as lack of a crash detection system and limited deck space, it is a cost-effective, medium-throughput, and accurate liquid handling tool suitable for early-stage development and method transfer.

Neural Cell Interactions with a Surgical Grade Biomaterial Using a Simulated Injury in Brain Organotypic Slices

Tissue engineering research for neurological applications has demonstrated that biomaterial-based structural bridges present a promising approach for promoting regeneration. This is particularly relevant for penetrating traumatic brain injuries, where the clinical prognosis is typically poor, with no available regeneration-enhancing therapies. Specifically, repurposing clinically approved biomaterials offers many advantages (reduced approval time and achieving commercial scaleup for clinical applications), highlighting the need for detailed screening of potential neuromaterials. A major challenge in experimental testing is the limited availability of neuromimetic, technically accessible, cost-effective, and humane models of neurological injury for efficient biomaterial testing in injury-simulated environments. Three dimensional (3D) organotypic brain slices bridge the gap between live animal models and simplified co-cultures and are a versatile tool for studies on neural development, neurodegenerative disease and in drug testing. Despite this, their utility for investigation of neural cell responses to biomaterial implantation is poorly investigated. We demonstrate that murine brain organotypic slices can be used to develop a model of penetrating traumatic brain injury, wherein a surgical-grade biomaterial scaffold can be implanted into the lesion cavity. Critically, the model allowed for examination of key cellular responses involved in CNS injury pathology/biomaterial handling: astrogliosis, microglial activation and axonal sprouting. The approach offers a technically simple and versatile methodology to study biomaterial interventions as a regenerative therapy for neurological injuries.

To the logical foundations of random number generator construction

Abstract This study explores fundamental aspects of probability theory within the framework of constructing random sequences or random number generators. We propose an interpretation of probability spaces and operations on formal events through the theory of formal languages, utilizing string manipulation techniques. As part of the research, we present a direct implementation of the discussed concepts in the form of a program that generates random numbers of the required type by processing signals from a sound card. Additionally, the problem of primality testing, which is particularly relevant to practical cryptographic applications, is addressed. We critically examine common misconceptions regarding the properties of Carmichael numbers and the application of Fermat’s Little Theorem. Furthermore, we propose an efficient primality testing algorithm.

Model-Based Compensation and Uncertainty Analysis of Support Bearing Losses in a Chain Drive Dynamometer

Abstract Efficiency testing of chain drives has received renewed attention in recent years from sectors including elite cycling, e-mobility and automotive engineering. This is because of a desire to maximise performance, reduce energy consumption and minimise wear rate at a component level. In particular, chain and lubricant manufacturers have developed test rigs that replicate transmission drives in order to measure the efficiency and wear behaviour of the chain and sprocket. Most test systems are dynamometers that either apply representative torques to the input and output sprockets (Transmitted Power Measurement) or replicate loads in the articulating links by tensioning the whole chain drive (Frictional Power Measurement). Each method has advantages and disadvantages with respect to measurement uncertainty. One challenge that both methods have is the requirement to isolate torque transducers from the shear loading induced by chain tension. A common solution to this involves mounting each sprocket on a shaft supported by a set of bearings. However, these bearings introduce parasitic losses which must be accounted for if absolute values for transmission losses are to be deduced from the raw data. A comparison is made between two commonly used models of bearing frictional moment. One is given by a major bearing manufacturer and the other is the most referenced model from the literature. The effectiveness of each model for predicting parasitic losses is discussed for a transmitted power measurement dynamometer application. The effectiveness of each model to for predicting parasitic losses is discussed for a full load chain drive dynamometer application.&amp;#xD;

Design and Construction of Analog Water Heater Chamber (AWHC) for Sma Rod and Spring Tensile Testing

This study details the design and construction of an Analog Water Heater Chamber (AWHC) specifically tailored for tensile testing of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) rods and springs. The AWHC is designed to simulate various temperature conditions, enabling precise control over the thermo-mechanical behavior of SMA specimens. Energy conversion from the electrical to heat form is achieved using an electrical heating element of 1000 watts. This heat is transferred to the SMA spring/wire using convection using a water medium, and phase transformation occurs. The chamber&amp;apos;s unique design allows for real-time monitoring of deformation and recovery processes under controlled temperature and loading conditions. Different test results for both the SMA rod and SMA spring at various loading rates and constant temperature, and continuous loading rate and different temperatures showed a good thermo-mechanical coupling result The AWHC&amp;apos;s performance was validated through tensile testing of SMA rods and springs, demonstrating its efficacy in evaluating the mechanical properties and phase transformation temperatures of these materials. The results show excellent correlation with theoretical predictions, confirming the AWHC&amp;apos;s suitability for characterizing SMA behavior under diverse thermal and mechanical conditions. This research contributes to the development of efficient testing protocols for SMA components, paving the way for their enhanced integration into various engineering applications, thus the aim of which AWHC is designed for is achieved.

Design, techno-economic evaluation, and experimental testing of grid connected rooftop solar photovoltaic systems for commercial buildings

This study aims to investigate the potential of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems for commercial buildings. Helio-Scope software is utilized to perform simulations to determine the ideal rooftop area for photovoltaic panels. The efficiency of photovoltaic systems is impacted by the shading effects of photovoltaic modules installed in parallel rows. To enhance energy output, the optimal distance between rows is determined, and it is found that 5-feet inter-row spacing provides the best results. The simulation results indicate that with 5-feet inter-row spacing, photovoltaic system has an energy generation of 371.6 MWh, specific yield of 1508.0 kWh/kWp, performance ratio of 82.1%, solar access rate of 98.9%, total solar resource fraction of 96.3% and a total irradiance of 1655.9 kWh/m2. The annual nameplate energy is 425.1 MWh, output energy at irradiance levels is 423.1 MWh, optimal DC output is 378.5 MWh, inverter output is 373.5 MWh, and total energy delivered to the national power grid is 371.6 MWh. The average daily DC inverter input power is 158881.5110 W and the average daily AC inverter output power is 152231.6311 W, showing an inverter efficiency of approximately 95.93%. Moreover, detailed testing of the installed PV system is performed on-site to make sure that equipment’s performance guarantees are achieved, the system is properly installed and its configuration is suitable for commercial operations. The maximum daily output energy generation of an installed photovoltaic (PV) system is 1.33 MWh, and its average energy generation is 1.09 MWh. The voltage of all strings is within the rated range of the inverter, with a maximum voltage of 835 V and a minimum of 698 V, as tested by PV string open-circuit voltage. The inverter efficiency test is also performed, with a maximum efficiency of 98.83% and fill factors ranging from 81.37% to 82.34%. The payback period of a photovoltaic system is 4.22 years and LCOE is 0.0229$/kWh. PV system saved 215569.818 metric tons of CO2 in the first year and a total of approximately 5068976.99 metric tons in 25 years.

The Deployment Mechanism of the E.T.PACK Deorbit System: Functional and Qualification tests

The Horizon 2020 (H2020) Future Emerging Technologies (FET) OPEN Project E.T.PACK is dedicated to advancing Electrodynamic Tether (EDT) technology by developing a specialized Deorbit Device prototype for end-of-life satellite deorbiting. In collaboration with the E.T.PACK consortium, the University of Padova conducted test campaigns aimed at evaluating the Deployment Mechanism design. This paper offers an overview of these tests, with a specific emphasis on the outcomes derived from tape spool examinations and deployment tests conducted on specific tape lengths. Furthermore, the paper delineates the setup for upcoming end-to-end deployment tests, highlighting the integration of a tape collecting machine to minimize manual intervention. The three-coil spool successfully passed qualification tests under thermal-vacuum conditions, exhibiting no instances of cold-welding. Additionally, shaker tests validated the spool ability to withstand launch conditions without requiring additional containment flanges. Furthermore, the Deployment Mechanism demonstrated its proficiency in smoothly deploying tapes with varying characteristics within the desired velocity range. Moreover, the deployment process, following a specific profile, proceeded seamlessly without any complications. Consistent continuity was maintained throughout the deployment processes, with no instances of jams or disruptions observed. These testing outcomes represent a fundamental step in the preparation and testing of the Engineering Qualification Model of the Deployment Mechanism, instilling confidence that subsequent end-to-end deployment tests will progress smoothly. To this end, a specific upside-down configuration will be implemented, and a recollecting machine was designed and manufactured to facilitate tape gathering, ensuring a streamlined and efficient testing process. A description of the end-to-end deployment test setup, including the recollecting machine, is also provided in this paper.

Design of a Thermal Performance Test Equipment for a High-Temperature and High-Pressure Heat Exchanger in an Aero-Engine

For next-generation power systems, particularly aero-gas turbine engines, ultra-light and highly efficient heat exchangers are considered key enabling technologies for realizing advanced cycles. Consequently, the development of efficient and accurate aero-engine heat exchanger test equipment is essential to support future gas turbine heat exchanger advancements. This paper presents the development of a high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) heat exchanger test facility designed for aero-engine heat exchangers. The maximum temperature and pressure of the test facility were configured to simulate the conditions of the last-stage compressor of a large civil engine, specifically 1000 K and 5.5 MPa. These conditions were achieved using multiple electric heater systems in conjunction with an air compression system consisting of three turbo compressor units and a reciprocating compressor unit. A commissioning test was conducted using a compact tubular heat exchanger, and the results indicate that the test facility operates stably and that the measured data closely align with the predicted performance of the heat exchanger. A commissioning test of the tubular heat exchanger showed a thermal imbalance of 1.02% between the high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) lines. This level of imbalance is consistent with the ISO standard uncertainty of ±2.3% for heat dissipation. In addition, CFD simulation results indicated an average deviation of approximately 1.4% in the low-pressure outlet temperature. The close alignment between experimental and CFD results confirms the theoretical reliability of the test bench. The HPHT thermal performance test facility will be expected to serve as a critical test bed for evaluating heat exchangers for current and future gas turbine applications.

Optimizing intelligent penetration path planning using reinforcement learning: A focus on valid action masking and sample enhancement

Abstract. As penetration testing is a crucial technique for the rapid evolution of cybersecurity to identify system vulnerabilities, traditional penetration testing methods face the difficulty of large amounts of manual labor and professional knowledge, which makes them difficult to scale. This paper proposes a highly automated and efficient penetration testing approach based on the MASK-SALT-DQN algorithm. MASK-SALT-DQN is a reinforcement learning model that effectively optimizes penetration path planning by valid action masking and sample enhancement. Through valid action masking, the MASK-SALT-DQN model filters out redundant and invalid actions in the solution space, reducing the complexity of the action space and improving the convergence speed and efficiency. In addition, the sample enhancement method increases the frequency of critical exploitation actions and positive rewards in the sparse-reward environment, speeding up the learning process of the agent. Experiments have been conducted on the NASim attack simulation network to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed model over the baseline method. The experimental results show that our model has a significant performance advantage over baseline methods in large networks, and it can be applied to the field of scalable and efficient automated penetration testing.

Efficiency Improvement on Indium Tin Oxide Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Oxygen Plasma by Bias-Magnetron RF Sputtering Process

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are among the most widely studied thin-film solar cells because of their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, and simple fabrication method. However, there is still much scope for replacing current DSSC materials due to their high cost, low volume, and lack of long-term stability. Accordingly, indium tin oxide (ITO)-nanorod films were fabricated by electron (E)-beam evaporation using the glancing angle deposition method in this study. Then, the ITO-nanorod was treated with oxygen plasma via a bias-magnetron radio-frequency (RF) sputtering process to improve the efficiency of DSSCs under a varying gas flow rate of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 sccm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) investigation of the ITO film structure revealed that the obtained nanorod structures have slightly different diameters. At the same time, an increase in the oxygen flow rate resulted in a rougher film surface structure. In this, the lower sheet resistance was received because of rougher morphology. When comparing the DSSCs efficiency (η) test results, we found that at a gas flow rate of 100 sccm, the highest efficiency value showed 9.5%. On the other hand, the ITO-nanorod without plasma treatment exhibited the lowest η. Hence, plasma technology can be practically applied to improve the η of DSSC devices. This study will be a prototype of a highly advanced solar cell manufacturing method for the solar cell industry.

Remote Kinematic Analysis for Mobility Scooter Riders Leveraging Edge AI

Current kinematic analysis for patients with upper or lower extremity challenges is usually performed indoors at the clin- ics, which may not always be accessible for all patients. On the other hand, mobility scooter is a popular assistive tool used by people with mobility disabilities. In this study, we introduce a remote kinematic analysis system for mobility scooter riders to use in their local communities. In order to train the human pose estimation model for the kinematic anal- ysis application, we have collected our own mobility scooter riding video dataset which captures riders’ upper-body move- ments. The ground truth data is labeled by the collaborating clinicians. The evaluation results show high system accuracy both in the keypoints prediction and in the downstream kine- matic analysis, compared with the general-purpose pose mod- els. Our efficiency test results on NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano also validate the feasibility of running the system in real-time on edge devices.

Experimental and numerical study of the cooling characteristics of the double-walled cooling structure on integral support plate

The diffuser, rectifier, fuel injection rod, and flame holder in the afterburner are designed integrally, and a double-layer cooling structure is installed for the integral flame holder. Infrared thermography is employed to carry out the cooling efficiency test experiments under non-afterburner conditions, and the numerical simulation method is used to obtain the flow characteristics inside the integral afterburner. The effects of subtle geometrical parameter changes on the near-wall flow and wall-cooling effect are investigated. The results show that: The cooling air covers the film panel to form a film under the traction of the backflow vortex and spiral vortex behind the support plate, which provides effective cooling for the integral flame holder; the increase of the mass flow ratio will improve the cooling effectiveness of the double-wall, but it will cause additional pressure loss; impact spacing H has a small effect on the cooling effectiveness and relative pressure loss; reduced film aperture diameter df, increased aperture spacing S and aperture row angle β lead to a drop in the cooling capacity of the double-wall, whereas a reduced impact aperture diameter di leads to a certain degree of improvement in the cooling effectiveness of the double-wall.

Design of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP nanocatalysts, fabrication by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods, characterization of detailed surface texture properties and investigation of solar cell performance

This research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, and Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP magnetic nanocatalysts (MNCs) for their potential use as sensors within the intricate architectures of solar cell devices. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements were carried out to characterize the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the MNCs. The MNCs exhibit an average particle size of approximately 10 nm. Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, and Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP MNCs have saturation magnetization values ​​of 61.64 emu/g, 37.31 emu/g, and 20.13 emu/g, respectively. Thermal analysis reveals mass change losses of 6.5%, 12% and 28.1%, respectively, indicating different thermal stability profiles. It confirms that their crystal structure is face-centered cubic spinel, with type IV hysteresis loops and H3 loops indicating a mesoporous structure according to the IUPAC classification. Efficiency tests of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP MNCs in solar cell devices show efficiencies of 1.49%, 1.77% and 2.15%, respectively. As the hierarchical modification of the MNCs increases, the efficiency of the solar cell devices increases. These results highlight the potential of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP as promising sensitizers in solar cell technology. Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP MNCs have high catalytic activity, chemical stability, electronic conductivity and low cost. This study also marks the first demonstration of the effectiveness of environmentally friendly Fe3O4@SiO2@3,4-DABP MNCs in enhancing solar cell performance, prepared via a cost-effective, simple and eco-friendly approach.