Efficient Redox Research Articles

Maximizing Photosynthesis-Driven Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation Efficiency in Recombinant Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

Photosynthesis-driven whole-cell biocatalysis has great potential to contribute to a sustainable bio-economy since phototrophic cells use light as the only energy source. It has yet to be shown that phototrophic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, can combine the supply of high heterologous enzyme levels with allocation of sufficient reduction equivalents to enable efficient light-driven redox biocatalysis. Here, we demonstrated that the heterologous expression of an NADPH-dependent Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) gene from Acidovorax sp. CHX100 turns Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 into an efficient oxyfunctionalization biocatalyst, deriving electrons and O2 from photosynthetic water oxidation. Several expression systems were systematically tested, and a PnrsB-(Ni2+)–controlled expression based on a replicative plasmid yielded the highest intracellular enzyme concentration and activities of up to 60.9 ± 1.0 U gCDW−1. Detailed analysis of reaction parameters, side reactions, and biocatalyst durability revealed—on the one hand—a high in vivo BVMO activity in the range of 6 ± 2 U mgBVMO−1 and—on the other hand—an impairment of biocatalyst performance by product toxicity and by-product inhibition. Scale-up of the reaction to 2-L fed-batch photo-bioreactors resulted in the stabilization of the bioconversion over several hours with a maximal specific activity of 30.0 ± 0.3 U g CDW−1, a maximal volumetric productivity of 0.21 ± 0.1 gL−1 h−1, and the formation of 1.3 ± 0.1 gL−1 of ε-caprolactone. Process simulations based on determined kinetic data revealed that photosynthesis-driven cyclohexanone oxidation on a 2-L scale under high-light conditions was kinetically controlled and not subject to a limitation by photosynthesis.

Prooxidative inhibition against NF-κB-mediated inflammation by pharmacological vitamin C

Vitamin C (VC), widely found in vegetables and fruits, operates as an electron donor to perform various biological functions including anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanisms by which VC inhibits inflammation remain insufficiently understood. Accordingly, we performed a detail mechanistic study on anti-inflammatory activity of VC at millimolar (pharmacological) concentrations in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It was found that VC and its two-electron oxidative product, dehydroascorbate (DHA) constructs an efficient redox cycle with the aid of intracellular glutathione and copper ions, thereby facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ROS-dependent inhibition against the NF-κB-mediated inflammation.

C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization Mediated by Hydride a Shift/Cyclization System

Abstract An efficient catalytic internal redox reaction (hydride shift mediated C(sp3)–H bond functionalization) has been developed, which has the following salient features: (1) C(sp3)–H bond functionalization, (2) Lewis and/or Brønsted acid catalyzed reaction (transition metals employed in conventional C–H bond functionalization are not required), and (3) construction of complex polycycles that are otherwise difficult to synthesize by conventional methods. Our recent efforts on the development of novel types of C(sp3)–H bond functionalization mediated by the hydride shift/cyclization system are described.

Atomically distributed asymmetrical five-coordinated Co–N5 moieties on N-rich doped C enabling enhanced redox kinetics for advanced Li–S batteries

An atomically distributed asymmetrical five-coordinated Co–N5 anchored on N-rich doped carbon (CoN5 SA/NC) is prepared via a urea-mediated pyrolysis strategy and used as a highly efficient sulfur redox reaction electrocatalyst for application in Li–S batteries.

Acid complexation of iron controls the fate of hydrogen peroxide in model wine

At a key branchpoint in wine oxidation, hydrogen peroxide reacts either with iron(II), leading to the Fenton oxidation of ethanol, or with sulfur dioxide, precluding oxidation. The fate of H2O2 was investigated in anoxic model wines with different pH and acid buffers. In the absence of SO2, anoxic conditions allowed the stoichiometric production of acetaldehyde from H2O2 despite iron(II) being limiting, indicating efficient iron redox cycling. Acetaldehyde production was faster at pH 4.0 than at pH 3.0, attributable largely to increased iron complexation. Citrate allowed the most rapid acetaldehyde formation, while the comparative effects of tartrate and malate were pH-dependent, likely due to differences in their iron-chelating abilities. The inclusion of SO2 greatly diminished acetaldehyde formation, but did not prevent it, and reduced the differential effects of pH and acid composition. Findings overall suggest management of wine acidity can significantly affect the rate and outcome of oxidation.

A novel strategy to adjust the oxygen vacancy of CuO/MnO2 catalysts toward the catalytic oxidation of toluene

A facile and efficient solid-state redox strategy with low consumption was applied to modify the surface defect concentration of α-MnO2. The surficial reduction of α-MnO2 by Cu2O tremendously increased the concentration of oxygen vacancy of the as-synthesized CuO/MnO2-R catalyst, which significantly enhanced its catalytic performance for the combustion of toluene. The T90 of CuO/MnO2-R-10 catalyst obtained by strengthening surface defects was 36 °C and 32 °C lower than α-MnO2 and CuO/MnO2-10 catalyst, respectively, which could be contributed to the increase of structural defects. In addition, the reaction mechanism of toluene over the surface of CuO/MnO2-R-10 was also revealed by in-situ DRIFTS. Meanwhile, the CuO/MnO2-R-10 also exhibited excellent stability and resistance to water vapor and showed great potential in practical application.

Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity and Its Implications for Biological Functions.

Chirality in life has been preserved throughout evolution. It has been assumed that the main function of chirality is its contribution to structural properties. In the past two decades, however, it has been established that chiral molecules possess unique electronic properties. Electrons that pass through chiral molecules, or even charge displacements within a chiral molecule, do so in a manner that depends on the electron's spin and the molecule's enantiomeric form. This effect, referred to as chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS), has several important implications for the properties of biosystems. Among these implications, CISS facilitates long-range electron transfer, enhances bio-affinities and enantioselectivity, and enables efficient and selective multi-electron redox processes. In this article, we review the CISS effect and some of its manifestations in biological systems. We argue that chirality is preserved so persistently in biology not only because of its structural effect, but also because of its important function in spin polarizing electrons.

WS2 Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors are considered as the next‐generation energy storage devices due to their unique performance features. Properties such as large surface areas, high theoretical capacitance, and occurrence of efficient redox reactions at their surfaces make 2D WS2 transition metal dichalcogenides propitious constituents in energy storage devices. Herein, the synthesis of WS2 nanoflowers by a facile hydrothermal technique is reported. Free‐standing flexible supecapacitor electrodes are fabricated by the deposition of the WS2 nanoflowers over flexible conducting carbon fabric substrate. The electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared material is evaluated in a symmetric two‐electrode configuration. The WS2 symmetric capacitor delivers a significant specific capacitance of 119 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. The device exhibits outstanding stability and nearly 100% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles.

Understanding the lithiation mechanisms of pyrenetetrone-based carbonyl compound as cathode material for lithium-ion battery: Insight from first principle density functional theory

Regardless of the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) promising electrochemical storage performance, only limited studies have been reported using theoretical calculations on the mechanism of interactions between carbonyl functional groups and lithium-ions in a carbonyl-based LIBs. Despite such efforts, a systematic study on the lithiation mechanism of carbonyl-based structure for designing cathode electrode material with well-defined step-by-step lithiation process aiming at optimum electrochemical performances is still a challenge. Herein, the electronic structure, reactivity, topological, and the electrochemical mechanistic performances of pyrenetetrone-based carbonyl compound was reported based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G (d, p) basis set. Four different configurations of the studied compound designated based on the lithiation; LiA, Li2A, Li3A, and Li4A were computationally modelled using the experimentally studied structure. The computed HOMO-LUMO energy gaps showed that Li3A has the highest energy gap and hence more stable compared to other compounds. Comparatively, our theoretical data strongly correlated with the experimental results of the synthesized structure of pyrenetetrone having a slight energy difference of 0.2eV. The chemical quantum descriptors showed that Li3A has greater tendency to accept electrons while Li2A is the best electron donor. Again, the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) topological analysis showed that interactions between O24–Li28 has the highest electron density of 0.0515e. The reduction potential increased as the bound Li atoms are added but decreased at the fourth lithiation (Li4A). The reduction potential of the experimentally synthesized pyrenetetrone is in good agreement with the theoretical calculated results and the higher value of redox potential of Li3A is attributed to its high lithium binding energy of 129.33 kcal/mol. Thus, our work reveals an optimistic strategy for designing and utilizing these materials in the fabrication of highly efficient carbonyl base organic redox materials for lithium ion battery.

Heterometallic CeIV/ VV Oxo Clusters with Adjustable Catalytic Reactivities.

Heterometallic CeIV/M oxo clusters are underexplored yet and can benefit from synergistic properties from combining cerium and other metal cations to produce efficient redox catalysts. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of new Ce12V6 oxo clusters with different capping ligands: Ce12V6-SO4, Ce12V6-OTs (OTs: toluenesulfonic acid), and Ce12V6-NBSA (NBSA: nitrobenzenesulfonic acid). Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) for all three structures reveals a Ce12V6 cubane core formulated [Ce12(VO)6O24]18+ with cerium on the edges of the cube, vanadyl capping the faces, and sulfate on the corners. While infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) proved the successful coordination of the organic ligands to the Ce12V6 core, liquid phase 51V NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirmed the integrity of the clusters in the organic solutions. Furthermore, functionalization of the Ce12V6 core with organic ligands both provides increased solubility in term of homogeneous application and introduces porosity to the assemblies of Ce12V6-OTs and Ce12V6-NBSA in term of heterogeneous application, thus allowing more catalytic sites to be accessible and improving reactivity as compared to the nonporous and less soluble Ce12V6-SO4. Meanwhile, the coordinated ligands also influenced the electronic environment of the catalytic sites, in turn affecting the reactivity of the cluster, which we probed by the selective oxidation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). This work provides a strategy to make full use of the catalytic sites within a class of inorganic sulfate capped clusters via organic ligand introduction.

Pyro-polymerization of organic pigments for superior lithium storage

Design of high energy density lithium storage materials is one of the everlasting issues in energy storage systems to realize a fully clean and sustainable energy grid. Here, 2,9-dimethyl quinacridone was selected as a precursor to prepare carbon-based electrode via low temperature heat-treatment process from 750 °C to 1050 °C. The pyro-polymerization of 2,9-dimethyl quinacridone induced a distinctive morphological transformation from rice husk-shaped 2,9-dimethyl quinacridone to carbon nanofibers. Electrode fabricated from pigment derived carbon nanofibers (PCNF) pyrolyzed at 750 °C maintained 878 mAh g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and good Coulombic efficiency up to 98% after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, it delivered 337 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 25 A g-1. The superior performance was attributed to the stable structure of pristine 2,9-dimethyl quinacridone giving high thermal stability and crystallinity owing to well-defined π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions, thus rendering a stable microstructure with a large d-spacing of (002) plane of 3.580 Å, as well as efficient surface redox reactions. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the large interlayer distance could facilitate fast lithium ion insertion/extraction because of a ∼38% lower energy barrier for lithium ion insertion than compared with graphite.

Visible-Light-Driven Water Oxidation on Self-Assembled Metal-Free Organic@Carbon Junctions at Neutral pH.

Sustainable water oxidation requires low-cost, stable, and efficient redox couples, photosensitizers, and catalysts. Here, we introduce the in situ self-assembly of metal-atom-free organic-based semiconductive structures on the surface of carbon supports. The resulting TTF/TTF•+@carbon junction (TTF = tetrathiafulvalene) acts as an all-in-one highly stable redox-shuttle/photosensitizer/molecular-catalyst triad for the visible-light-driven water oxidation reaction (WOR) at neutral pH, eliminating the need for metallic or organometallic catalysts and sacrificial electron acceptors. A water/butyronitrile emulsion was used to physically separate the photoproducts of the WOR, H+ and TTF, allowing the extraction and subsequent reduction of protons in water, and the in situ electrochemical oxidation of TTF to TTF•+ on carbon in butyronitrile by constant anode potential electrolysis. During 100 h, no decomposition of TTF was observed and O2 was generated from the emulsion while H2 was constantly produced in the aqueous phase. This work opens new perspectives for a new generation of metal-atom-free, low-cost, redox-driven water-splitting strategies.

An efficient method to synthesize N/O, O-difluoroboron complexes from alkynes

A highly efficient redox- and step-economic method to synthesize N,O- and O,O-difluoroboron complexes from alkynes under aqueous condition with HBF4 as BF2 source has been developed. This strategy features good yields, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, readily available starting materials and gram-scale synthesis. Significantly, these difluoroboron complexes present good fluorescence properties, indicating their potential applications in luminescent materials.

Fast and Specific Peroxygenase Reactions Catalyzed by Fungal Mono-Copper Enzymes.

The copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are receiving attention because of their role in the degradation of recalcitrant biomass and their intriguing catalytic properties. The fundamentals of LPMO catalysis remain somewhat enigmatic as the LPMO reaction is affected by a multitude of LPMO- and co-substrate-mediated (side) reactions that result in a complex reaction network. We have performed kinetic studies with two LPMOs that are active on soluble substrates, NcAA9C and LsAA9A, using various reductants typically employed for LPMO activation. Studies with NcAA9C under “monooxygenase” conditions showed that the impact of the reductant on catalytic activity is correlated with the hydrogen peroxide-generating ability of the LPMO-reductant combination, supporting the idea that a peroxygenase reaction is taking place. Indeed, the apparent monooxygenase reaction could be inhibited by a competing H2O2-consuming enzyme. Interestingly, these fungal AA9-type LPMOs were found to have higher oxidase activity than bacterial AA10-type LPMOs. Kinetic analysis of the peroxygenase activity of NcAA9C on cellopentaose revealed a fast stoichiometric conversion of high amounts of H2O2 to oxidized carbohydrate products. A kcat value of 124 ± 27 s–1 at 4 °C is 20 times higher than a previously described kcat for peroxygenase activity on an insoluble substrate (at 25 °C) and some 4 orders of magnitude higher than typical “monooxygenase” rates. Similar studies with LsAA9A revealed differences between the two enzymes but confirmed fast and specific peroxygenase activity. These results show that the catalytic site arrangement of LPMOs provides a unique scaffold for highly efficient copper redox catalysis.

Electrochemical investigation of a tulsi-holy basil-crude plant extract on graphitized mesoporous carbon nanomaterial surface: Selective electrocatalytic activity of surface-confined rosmarinic acid for phenyl hydrazine-pollutant oxidation reaction

• A crude-plant extract was used for the preparation of a surface-confined redox system and electrocatalysis. • Selective electrochemical extraction of rosmarinic acid from Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum)-Water Extract was occurred. • Rosmarinic acid-immobilized graphitized mesoporous carbon modified electrode was prepared. • Qualitative and quantitative electroanalysis of rosmarinic acid in a Tulsi Plant extract was demonstrated. • Selective electrocatalytic oxidation and flow injection analysis of Phenyl hydrazine were demonstrated. The mystery of > 2000 years of Hindu culture holy basil plant-Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum)’s active ingredient for health benefit has been revealed by performing a blind cyclic voltammetric based electrochemical experiment (without pre-targeted chemicals) with a crude solution of the Tulsi-plant-water extract (TE) using a graphitized mesoporous carbon nanomaterial modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/GMC) in pH 2 solution. The as-prepared chemically modified electrode was characterized using TEM, FTIR, Raman, UV–Vis, HPTLC, UPLC and with several control samples to identify the active molecular species trapped by GMC. It has been revealed that amongst various phytochemicals-ingredients, the rosmarinic acid (RA) in the TE-extract trapped selectively on the graphitic sites and showed an exceptionally efficient redox behavior at an apparent standard electrode potential, E o’ = 0.550 V vs Ag/AgCl with a peak-to-peak potential difference, ΔE p ∼ 0 V. A specific interaction between the π-electrons of the aromatic compound and sp 2 carbon of GMC is found to be an influencing parameter for the selective electrochemical micro-extraction of the RA from the TE (GMC@TE-RA). This electrochemical methodology helps for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemical, RA in the TE. The GMC@TE-RA is found to involve selective electrocatalytic oxidation of phenylhydrazine-pollutant in pH 2 KCl-HCl medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis of the modified electrode showed a superior electronic activity over the respective unmodified electrode. A scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been used to image the active site of the electrocatalytic surface. As a sustainable and green electrochemical approach, a highly selective electrocatalytic oxidation and flow injection analysis-based sensing of phenylhydrazine using the GCE/GMC@TE-RA has been demonstrated without any interference from hydrazine and other common electroactive chemicals and biochemicals.

One-pot construction of unprecedented direct Z-scheme ZnS/GaOOH heterojunction for photodegradation of antibiotics

An unprecedented ZnS/GaOOH heterojunction structure is prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process to improve the charge separation for photocatalysis. The photocatalytic performance of the ZnS/GaOOH heterojunction photocatalyst is investigated by degrading antibiotics under ultraviolet light. The results show that the matchable ZnS/GaOOH presents optimal photocatalytic performance and can remove 86.4% of tetracycline (TC) in 150 min, which is higher than that of pure ZnS (60.4%) and pure GaOOH (61.9%). The ZnS/GaOOH can also remove ciprofloxacin (CIP), Levofloxacin (LF) and rhodamine B (RhB) effectively. In addition, ZnS/GaOOH heterojunction almost maintains its photocatalytic degradation activity of RhB at the initial level after 3th cycles. The morphologies, structures and optical properties of the photocatalysts are comprehensively characterized. The results show that the heterojunctions are formed by ZnS spheres attaching on GaOOH rods gradually with hydrothermal time increasing. However, when hydrothermal time excess to 3 h, oversize ZnS spheres will lead heterojunctions unmatchable. The optical and electrical properties characterizations reveal that the superior photodegradation activities for both TC and RhB of GaZn-3 to other GaZn-n and pure ZnS, GaOOH are ascribed to the efficient charge separation in matchable ZnS/GaOOH heterojunction. The photodeposition experiments and electron spin-resonance (ESR) results disclose ZnS/GaOOH heterojunction provides a direct Z-scheme mechanism of charge path for more efficient redox capacities. And the effective formation of ·O2– and ·OH together with photogenerated e- and h+ improve the degradation activity. This work provides an effective route to regulate a matchable and stable heterojunction, and will provoke the rational fabrication of direct Z-scheme mechanism heterojunction photocatalysts.

Photovoltage‐Competing Dynamics in Photoelectrochemical Devices: Achieving Self‐Powered Spectrally Distinctive Photodetection

AbstractMultiple‐band and spectrally distinctive photodetection play critical roles in building next‐generation colorful imaging, spectroscopy, artificial vision, and optically controlled logic circuits of the future. Unfortunately, it remains challenging for conventional semiconductor photodetectors to distinguish different spectrum bands with photon energy above the bandgap of the material. Herein, for the first time, a photocurrent polarity‐switchable photoelectrochemical device composed of group III‐nitride semiconductors, demonstrating a positive photocurrent density of 10.54 µA cm−2 upon 254 nm illumination and a negative photocurrent density of −0.08 µA cm−2 under 365 nm illumination without external power supply, is constructed. Such bidirectional photocurrent behavior arises from the photovoltage‐competing dynamics across two photoelectrodes. Importantly, a significant boost of the photocurrent and corresponding responsivity under 365 nm illumination can be achieved after decorating the counter electrode of n‐type AlGaN nanowires with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, which promote a more efficient redox reaction in the device. It is envisioned that the photocurrent polarity‐switch behavior offers new routes to build multiple‐band photodetection devices for complex light‐induced sensing systems, covering a wide spectrum band from deep ultraviolet to infrared, by simply engineering the bandgaps of semiconductors.

Nanocatalysis under Nanoconfinement: A Metal-Free Hybrid Coacervate Nanodroplet as a Catalytic Nanoreactor for Efficient Redox and Photocatalytic Reactions.

Nature utilizes cellular and subcellular compartmentalization to efficiently drive various complex enzymatic transformations via spatiotemporal control. In this context, designing of artificial nanoreactors for efficient catalytic transformations finds tremendous importance in recent times. One key challenge remains the design of multiple catalytic centers within the confined space of a nanoreactor without unwanted agglomeration and accessibility barrier for reactants. Herein, we report a unique blend of nanoscience and chemical catalysis using a metal-free hybrid synthetic protocell as a catalytic nanoreactor for redox and photocatalytic transformations, which are otherwise incompatible in bulk aqueous medium. Hybrid coacervate nanodroplets (NDs) fabricated from 2.5 nm-sized carbon dots (CDs) and poly(diallyldimethyl)ammonium chloride have been utilized toward reductive hydrogenation of nitroarenes in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). It has been found that the reduction mechanism follows the classical Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model at the surface of embedded CDs inside the NDs via the generation of reactive surface hydroxyl groups. These NDs show excellent recyclability without any compromise on reaction kinetics and conversion yield. Importantly, spatiotemporal control over the hydrogenation reaction has been achieved using two mixed populations of coacervates. Moreover, efficient visible light-induced photoredox conversion of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide and artificial peroxidase-like activity have also been demonstrated inside these catalytic NDs. Our findings indicate that the individual polymer-bound CD inside the NDs acts as the catalytic center for both the redox and photocatalytic reactions. The present study highlights the unprecedented catalytic activity of the metal-free CD-based coacervate NDs and paves the way for next-generation catalytic nanoreactors for a wide range of chemical and enzymatic transformations.

Bilayer Micro-Mesoporous Membrane Assembly Offering Lower Pressure Drop to Realize High Energy Efficient Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

The ion exchange membrane (IEM) is a critical component that determines the performance and economic viability of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB). Optimizing the thickness of IEM is essential for the success of the flow battery. The interplay of the crossover rate, water transport, and membrane resistance determines the battery’s energy efficiency (E.E.). In this study, we have replaced thicker NafionTM-117 with ∼50 μm thick NafionTM-212 membrane coupled with ∼25 μm thick porous polypropylene membrane (PPM, i.e., Celgard®-3401) to mitigate vanadium crossover without compromising on the performance of the VRFB. At 100 mA cm−2 current densities, E.E. of NafionTM-212 + PPM based cell was improved by 4% compared to NafionTM-212 based cell. Similarly, at 250 mA cm−2 rate, EE of NafionTM-212 + PPM based VRFB stood at 6% improvement compared to NafionTM-212 based VRFB. There is a significant improvement in the discharge capacity from 19.8 to 21.4 Ah l−1, 14.1 to 18.6 Ah l−1, 12.2 to 16.1 Ah l−1, and 10.5 to 14.1 Ah l−1 at 100, 150, 200, and 250 mA cm−2 current densities, respectively. These results show that the combination of NafionTM-212 and PPM could significantly save the capacity and E.E. of VRFB.

2‐Methylimidazole‐assisted Morphology Modulation of a Copper‐based Metal‐organic Framework Transducer for Enhanced Electrochemical Peroxidase‐like Activity

AbstractA tailored metal‐organic framework transducer material Cu−BDC(NH2)@2‐MI was synthesized with 2‐methylimidazole as competitive ligand for the modulation of its morphology and catalytic activity. 2‐MI effectively helped the deprotonation of 2‐aminoterephthalic acid and enabled the fast generation of MOF crystals at room temperature. More importantly, this 2‐MI‐doped MOF exhibited well‐tuned morphology and was able to assist efficient redox procedures in electrochemical H2O2 reduction. Therefore, a prototype H2O2 sensor can present decent linear ranges from 10 μM to 13.28 mM and a detection limit of 0.97 μM. This novel design could boost the utilization of proprietary MOFs materials out of laboratory.