Efficient Processing Technology Research Articles

Peanut de-oiling at room temperature by micro-aqueous hydration: Co-destabilization driven by oleosome coalescence and protein aggregation

The peanut de-oiling industry currently lacks efficient processing technologies for de-oiling at low or room temperatures. A novel method, micro-aqueous extraction (MAE), offers over 93 % de-oiling efficiency at room temperature and is also effective for other oilseeds like sesame, camellia, and rapeseed. Despite its effectiveness, the exact mechanism behind oleosomes destabilization at a critical hydration level or oil volume fraction (φ ∼ 0.75) is not fully understood. This study investigates how MAE affects peanut oleosome size, paste stability, and the interfacial properties of surfactant proteins. Results showed that micro-aqueous hydration and agitation caused small droplets (85.6 vol% < 10 μm) to coalesce into larger droplets (90.0 vol% > 30 μm) due to press-induced rupture of the liquid film. Simultaneously, agitation decreased water mobility and protein intrinsic fluorescence, while increasing paste viscosity, leading to protein aggregation. This aggregation further promoted oleosome coalescence. Additionally, hydration and agitation weakened the ability of membrane proteins to stabilize oleosomes by increasing interfacial tension and decreasing dilatational storage modulus. The insights into the peanut oleosome destabilization mechanism for MAE provide a foundation for scaling up the process, with the potential to replace current hot and cold pressing techniques.

Edge Computing and Cloud Computing for Internet of Things: A Review

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things ecosystem has created an urgent need for efficient data processing and analysis technologies. This review aims to systematically examine and compare edge computing, cloud computing, and hybrid architectures, focusing on their applications within IoT environments. The methodology involved a comprehensive search and analysis of peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and industry reports, highlighting recent advancements in computing technologies for IoT. Key findings reveal that edge computing excels in reducing latency and enhancing data privacy through localized processing, while cloud computing offers superior scalability and flexibility. Hybrid approaches, such as fog and mist computing, present a promising solution by combining the strengths of both edge and cloud systems. These hybrid models optimize bandwidth use and support low-latency, privacy-sensitive applications in IoT ecosystems. Hybrid architectures are identified as particularly effective for scenarios requiring efficient bandwidth management and low-latency processing. These models represent a significant step forward in addressing the limitations of both edge and cloud computing for IoT, offering a balanced approach to data analysis and resource management.

INOVASI TEKNOLOGI UNTUK KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA MINERAL: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG

Technological innovation has become the key to improving mineral resource conservation worldwide. In this paper, we discuss the challenges and opportunities faced in developing technology for mineral resource conservation. One of the main challenges is the ever-increasing demand for mineral resources, which requires extraction technologies that are not environmentally friendly and can generate waste and pollution. However, efficient processing technology, mineral recovery and recycling technology, as well as the use of renewable energy in the mining industry, digital sensors and monitoring, and geographic information technology (GIS) have shown great benefits in reducing environmental impact and increasing resource use efficiency. In addition, appropriate policies and regulations, human resource skills enhancement, community awareness and acceptance, as well as mineral resource diversification and local community empowerment are also important factors in mineral resource conservation.

Aqueous ozone effects on wheat gluten: Yield, structure, and rheology.

This study investigates the impact of aqueous ozone (AO) on the yield, molecular structure, and rheological properties of wheat gluten separated using the batter procedure. Employing strong gluten flour (SGF) and weak gluten flour (WGF), we demonstrate that AO pretreatment significantly enhances the yield and purity of separated starch and gluten. Surface hydrophobicity, free sulfhydryl groups, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and size exclusion-high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) analyses were used to evaluate the effects of AO on the molecular structure of gluten. Our analysis reveals that low concentrations of AO induce specific modifications in gluten proteins. AO treatment increases cross-linking in glutenin macropolymer (GMP), reduces surface hydrophobicity, and stabilizes secondary and tertiary structures. These changes include an increase in β-sheet content by approximately 9% and a corresponding decrease in β-turn structures, leading to enhanced viscoelastic properties of the gluten. The research highlights AO's potential as a sustainable and efficient agent in wheat flour processing, offering advancements in both product quality and eco-friendly processing techniques. Future research should optimize AO treatment parameters and explore its effects on different cereal types further to enhance its applicability and benefits in food processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our work substantially advances the existing knowledge on wheat flour processing by demonstrating the multifaceted benefits of AO pretreatment. We unveil significant improvements in the yield and purity of starch and gluten when compared to conventional separation methods. Moreover, our in-depth analysis of molecular changes induced by AO, including increased cross-linking, alterations in surface hydrophobicity, and modifications in glutenin macropolymer content, provides new insights into how AO affects the viscoelastic properties of gluten. This contribution is pivotal for the development of more efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly wheat flour processing technologies.

Sustainability and circularity assessment of the potential of a biofuel produced from black liquor as a substitute for conventional fuels

The European Bioeconomy Strategy aims to accelerate the deployment of a sustainable European bioeconomy to maximize its contribution to the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as to the Paris Agreement on climate change. In this context, transport is considered as a key sector, with aviation and shipping playing an important role due to the need to meet its huge demand. In order to reduce potential emissions from the transport sector, the use of biofuels could be considered as a solution. However, with the aim of using biofuels to replace conventional fuels, it is important to assess their cost-effectiveness and feasibility, and in this aspect the valorization of waste streams for their production could help to meet this challenge. This is the framework of this research report, which is based on the use of black liquor (BL) from pulp and paper production to produce biofuel through a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) unit. Three technological designs and production capacities were considered: full extraction of the oil phase and its upgrading by catalytic hydrothermal deoxygenation (Scenario 1, S1), partial extraction of the oil phase (Scenario 2, S2) and full extraction but without upgrading (Scenario 3, S3). Low (100 t/d), medium (300 t/d) and high (600 t/d) production capacities were regarded.From the modelling data, a life cycle perspective was adopted, taking into account both the environmental analysis (LCA) and the life cycle costs (LCC), as well as the circular potential using different performance, resource-flow circularity and economic indicators. In addition, a composite indicator, CILCA-LCC-CA, has been proposed to obtain a single score taking into account the three assessments: environmental, cost and circularity. The results obtained show that S3, with a production of 300 t/d, has the lowest environmental impact and the highest profitability corresponds to a capacity of 600 t/d. In terms of circularity, S3 also shows the best performance, mainly due to its higher resource productivity and lower energy intensity. These results are in line with those obtained for the composite indicator, and also show that higher production capacities and a simple but efficient process technology, such as S3, is the alternative with the highest potential for both sustainability and circularity.

The Frontier Exploration of the Development Trend of Key Technologies in Digital Healthcare in Medical Big Data Analysis

With the rapid development of medical big data, digital healthcare as an interdisciplinary field is gradually transforming the traditional healthcare model, continuously advancing the realization of personalized medical services and remote health monitoring. This paper systematically reviews 138 research articles related to the development trends of key technologies in digital healthcare, exploring various critical areas including digital health and privacy security, the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in health, remote monitoring and mobile health, medical data analysis and electronic health records, and the ethical and policy challenges in digital health. Studies indicate that the improvement of privacy security measures and efficient medical data processing technologies are the foundation for the safe promotion of digital healthcare; Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies play an important role in enhancing the accuracy of diagnosis and disease prediction. Meanwhile, mobile health and remote monitoring technologies show great potential in improving the accessibility and continuity of medical services. In addition, this paper discusses the challenges of ethics and policies in digital health practice, such as data sharing, conflicts of interest, and respect for patient privacy. Future research must focus on refining technological solutions to address these challenges and fully integrate digital healthcare technologies into clinical practice.

Application of antioxidants in cold plasma treatment of fish oil

As a mild non-thermal treatment technology, cold plasma can lead to lipid oxidation when applied to products with high lipid content. This study focuses on the physical and chemical properties of fish oil with cold plasma treatment and to explore the potential of Curcumin, Tea polyphenols, Vitamin E and β-Carotene in inhibit the oxidation process. Following treatment, the peroxide value and malondialdehyde value of the fish oil significantly increased, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased and the singlet oxygen content rose (p < 0.0 5). However, the introduction of antioxidants during treatment yielded diminished peroxide and malondialdehyde values in the fish oil, thereby effectively curbing the presence of singlet oxygen. Notably, fish oil enriched with vitamin E exhibited the most robust antioxidant activity among the tested compounds. This study offers insights into strategies for enhancing the stability of high-fat foods subjected to cold plasma treatment. Industrial relevanceFish oil has long been essential in the processing of food, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed, making its quality crucial. This study revealed that cold plasma treatment accelerated the oxidation of fish oil; however, the addition of antioxidants effectively mitigated this effect. In industrial settings, cold plasma technology is favored in the food industry for its low-temperature operation and high efficiency in microbial inactivation. Despite these advantages, the reactive species produced during the process can cause lipid peroxidation and alter amino acids in proteins. This research offered critical insights into optimizing process parameters to minimize lipid oxidation. It also lays the groundwork for developing more efficient and safer food processing technologies and offers new approaches to extending the shelf life of fish oil and other lipid-rich foods during cold plasma treatment.

Challenges and Progress in Spent Ion-Exchange Resin Management at NPPs

The management of radioactive spent ion-exchange resins poses significant challenges for NPPs, due to the lack of economically viable and efficient processing technologies. Such a situation necessitates urgent technological solutions. Historically, conventional methods of radioactive waste treatment have struggled to address the unique properties of spent ion-exchange resins, resulting in their gradual accumulation at industrial sites. At present, the accumulation of spent ion-exchange resins at Ukrainian NPPs has reached critical level, so that addressing radioactive waste management within the national nuclear power industry necessitates two distinct strategies: an immediate technological solution to condition and dispose of the accumulated spent ion-exchange resins, and a sophisticated method aimed at eliminating critical accumulation of spent ion-exchange resins in the future. This publication explores the context and the current status of spent ion-exchange resins management at Ukrainian NPPs, highlighting the efforts to develop and implement treatment technologies, both well-known and innovative. Various methods, including geopolymerization, UHF-vitrification, cementation, and decontamination, are assessed and compared for their feasibility and effectiveness. The study emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to yield safer, more stable, and volume-reduced end-products compared to conventional methods. Additionally, the paper discusses ongoing research endeavors and the importance of knowledge dissemination within the scientific community. Despite challenges, there is growing momentum towards finding practical solutions for spent ion-exchange resins treatment, emphasizing the need for continued research and innovation in this critical area of radioactive waste management. By addressing these challenges and advancing technological solutions, Ukraine can mitigate the accumulation of spent ion-exchange resins and enhance radioactive waste management practices in the national nuclear power industry.

Multi-energy field simulation and experimental research on laser composite machining of micro-holes

Thin-walled micro-holes are frequently used in aerospace components to achieve specific functions, such as heat dissipation and filtration. However, traditional manufacturing technologies face difficulties in achieving precision machining of these holes due to deformation caused by cutting force or heat. Laser machining is a highly flexible and efficient advanced processing technology that aims to achieve precise machining of thin-walled holes. However, it is important to note that the thermal energy generated by the laser can cause deformation of the thin walls. To address these issues, this paper proposes a process that combines laser and backside electrochemical composite machining. The model for laser electrochemical composite processing after through-hole formation suggests that the laser's temperature rise effect on the electrolyte can significantly enhance the efficiency of electrochemical processing. Furthermore, the laser exerts a micro-zone stirring effect on the electrolyte in the processed micro-zone, which promotes the liquid-phase mass transfer process during the electrochemical reaction. Furthermore, a one-way experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the main laser parameters on the processing results. The results indicated that higher laser power, as well as lower laser frequency and scanning speed, significantly reduced the edge damage and pore taper of the processed micro-holes. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, adhering to a formal register and avoiding biased or ornamental language. Technical terms are consistently used and explained when first introduced. The text is grammatically correct and free from spelling and punctuation errors. Furthermore, this process has significantly reduced the oxygen content and surface roughness of the sidewalls of the micro-holes.

Development of a novel salt processing technology and its performance and economic evaluation: an experimental study

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a novel, sustainable, highly efficient, and affordable salt processing technology tailored to local salt producers. Novel technology converts raw solar sea salt into the finest dried salt, which is widely accepted by various industries. Experiments were conducted at a drying temperature of 80°C, with an air velocity of 30 m/s, and a feed rate of 125 kg per hour to evaluate the proposed novel salt processing technology. Performance evaluation was based on product quality parameters (e.g. wet moisture content, sodium chloride (NaCl) percentage, and whiteness) and specific energy consumption. The economic assessment relied on financial analysis and payback period parameters. The results indicated a reduction in salt sample moisture content from 10.37% ± 0.4% to 0.47% ± 0.02%, with NaCl percentage and whiteness of the salt produced at 98.5% ± 0.3% and 81 ± 0.7, respectively. The specific energy consumption for the novel salt processing technology was 0.119 ± 0.07 kWh/kg of the final salt product. Initial investment requirements totalled IDR 275,435,000, with a payback period of 1.66 years. This proposed novel salt processing technology has the potential to generate high-quality dried salt with a production efficiency of 89.5%. Consequently, it could enhance local producer’s businesses, seize opportunities in the national salt market, support rural industrialisation, and be best configured for Indonesia’s local salt producers.

Microstructural characterization of recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloys upon the synergistic effect of ultrasonic technology (UT) and novel refiners

Ultrasound, as an efficient, clean, and safe processing technology, is widely used in industries. Grain refiners are widely used in the refinement of cast alloys. In this study, ultrasonic technology (UT) and Al–5Ti–1B refiner prepared by continuous rheological extrusion (CRE Al–5Ti–1B) were used to modify the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy were studied. The differences in porosity and grain refinement caused by ultrasonic power were discussed. Results showed that, increasing the ultrasonic power can effectively reduce the porosity of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy. The synergistic effect of UT and CRE Al–5Ti–1B refiner significantly refined α-Al grains and second phases. The increase of ultrasonic power can effectively cause deagglomeration while reducing the nucleation undercooling of α-Al, which promotes the refinement of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy and significantly improves the mechanical properties. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy were 106 MPa, 210 MPa and 9.4%, respectively. When 0.2 wt% CRE Al–5Ti–1B refiner was added and the ultrasonic power was 150 W, the YS, UTS, and EL were improved by 12.8%, 28.8% and 228.4%, respectively.

Multistate, Ultrathin, Back-End-of-Line-Compatible AlScN Ferroelectric Diodes.

The growth in data generation necessitates efficient data processing technologies to address the von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computer architecture. Memory-driven computing, which integrates nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices in a 3D stack, is gaining attention, with CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL)-compatible ferroelectric (FE) diodes being ideal due to their two-terminal design and inherently selector-free nature, facilitating high-density crossbar arrays. Here, we demonstrate BEOL-compatible, high-performance FE diodes scaled to 5, 10, and 20 nm FE Al0.72Sc0.28N/Al0.64Sc0.36N films. Through interlayer (IL) engineering, we show substantial improvements in the on/off ratios (>166 times) and rectification ratios (>176 times) in these scaled devices. These characteristics also enable 5-bit multistate operation with a stable retention. We also experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the counterintuitive result that the inclusion of an IL can lead to a decrease in the ferroelectric switching voltage of the device. An in-depth analysis into the device transport mechanisms is performed, and our compact model aligns seamlessly with the experimental results. Our results suggest the possibility of using scaled AlxSc1-xN FE diodes for high-performance, low-power, embedded NVM.

Optimization of Transesterification Process for Biodiesel Production using Jatropha Oil

Biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and from animal fat. Biodiesel was produced through esterification of Jatropha oil using an alkaline catalyst. The process was carried out at the reaction temperatures of 63 and 55°C, with a 6:1-11:1 oil to methanol molar ratio, and the concentration was verified. In this research work, a yield of 91.78% and 80% was achieved. Furthermore, the flash point of 129.1°C obtained indicates that the biodiesel is within the specification of ASTM. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a multipurpose plant, contains a high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to biodiesel. J. curcas is probably the most highly promoted oilseed crop at present in the world. The availability and sustainability of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock in the form of vegetable oils, particularly J. curcas, and efficient processing technology to biodiesel will be crucial determinants of delivering competitive biodiesel. Oil contents, physicochemical properties, and fatty acid composition of J. curcas are reported in research. The fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel are comparable to those of fossil diesel and conform to the ASTM standard. The objective of this review is to give an update on the J. curcas L. plant, the production of biodiesel from the seed oil, and research attempts to improve the technology of converting vegetable oil to biodiesel and the fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel. There is also a need to carry out a lifecycle assessment and assess the environmental impacts of introducing large-scale plantations. Furthermore, there is still a dearth of research about the influence of various cultivation-related factors and their interactions and influence on seed yield. The formation of biodiesel was confirmed by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, and the conversion of ester functional group into methyl esters was verified, and characteristic properties of biodiesel were successfully determined. Keywords: Biodiesel, Jatropha oil, transesterification, catalyst, optimization, renewable energy and sustainability

Novel strategies for enhancing quality stability of edible flower during processing using efficient physical fields: A review

Edible flowers are an exotic part of the human diet due to their distinct sensorial properties and health benefits. Due to consumers demand edible flowers and their products with natural freshness and high nutritional value, there is increasing research on the application of green and efficient edible flower processing technologies. This paper reviews the application of a number of physical fields including ultrasound, microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, pulse electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, and reduced pressure aiming to improve the processing and product quality of edible flowers. The mechanism of action, influencing factors, and status on application of each physical energy field are critically evaluated. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each of these energy fields are evaluated, and trends on their future prospects are highlighted. Future research is expected to focus on gaining greater understanding of the mechanism action of physical field-based technologies when applied to processing of edible flowers and to provide the basis for broaden the application of physical field-based technologies in industrial realm.

DESIGN AND BUILD A COCONUT HUSK CHOPPER MACHINE USING AN 8 HP GASOLINE ENGINE

The coconut frond cutter or coconut frond shredder is a device used to transform coconut fronds into small pieces, even turning them into a finely textured material. This study examines the design and development of a coconut-chopping machine that uses an 8 HP combustion motor. Structural analysis was performed on the machine frame by considering the maximum and minimum Von Mises Stresses. The analysis results show that the maximum Von Mises Stress in the frame is 1.670e+06 N/mm², while the minimum stress is 2.338e+04 N/mm². The displacement of the frame was observed at 2.642e-02 mm to 1.000e-30 mm. The safety factor of the frame was found to be 1.366e+02, indicating an adequate level of safety. Next, this study analyzed the shredding capacity of the machine. The analysis showed that the largest shredding capacity was 3619.30 kg/hour, which occurred at a high rotation of young fronds, producing fine shreds. Meanwhile, the smallest shredding capacity of 612.66 kg/hour occurs at low rotation of old fronds and produces coarse shreds. These results provide essential insights into using coconut shredding machines based on the rotation level and the processed material. This research contributes to the development of efficient and effective coconut processing technology.

Magnetic γ-Fe2O3/ZnO@CNTs synthesized by a green precipitation method for the degradation of aniline through photocatalysis coupling catalytic ozonation

Aniline is highly toxic and difficult to degrade by conventional biological treatment processes. Thus, more efficient processing technology needs to be developed. Photocatalysis coupling catalytic ozonation (PCO) could be a solution. In this study, a green precipitation method was used to synthesize a γ-Fe2O3/ZnO@CNT catalyst, which exhibits high activity for aniline PCO degradation and strong magnetic properties for rapid separation. Under the optimal conditions, the aniline removal rate reached 93.5%. After 5 reaction cycles, the γ-Fe2O3/ZnO@CNT catalysts can be separated easily with a magnet, and a 91% aniline removal rate can be maintained. Furthermore, there are at least 4 kinds of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in this system, i.e., (1) photocatalytic oxidation; (2) catalytic ozonation; (3) photocatalytic ozone; and (4) Fenton oxidation. Thus, a novel stable and magnetically separable catalyst was developed, and new insight were provided for the role of PCO processes in the treatment of aniline.

Effect of extrusion cooking on the chemical and nutritional properties of instant flours: a review

Satisfying the nutritional requirements of consumers has made food industries focus on the development of safe, innocuous, easy-to-prepare products with high nutritional quality through efficient processing technologies. Extrusion cooking has emerged as a prominent technology associated with the nutritional and functional attributes of food products. This review aims to establish a theoretical framework concerning the influence of extrusion parameters on the functional and nutritional properties of precooked or instant flours, both as end-products and ingredients. It highlights the pivotal role of process parameters within the extruder, including temperature, screw speed, and raw materials moisture content, among others, and elucidates their correlation with the modifications observed in the structural composition of these materials. Such modifications subsequently induce notable changes in the ultimate characteristics of the food product. Detailed insights into these transformations are provided within the subsequent sections, emphasizing their associations with critical phenomena such as nutrient availability, starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, enhanced in vitro digestibility, reduction in the content of antinutritional factors (ANFs), and the occurrence of Maillard reactions during specific processing stages. Drawing upon insights from available literature, it is concluded that these effects represent key attributes intertwined with the nutritional properties of the end-product during the production of instant flours.

Comparative assessment of Nanotrap and polyethylene glycol-based virus concentration in wastewater samples.

Wastewater-based epidemiology is now widely used in many countries for the routine monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses at a community level. However, efficient sample processing technologies are still under investigation. In this study, we compared the performance of the novel Nanotrap® Microbiome Particles (NMP) concentration method to the commonly used polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method for concentrating viruses from wastewater and their subsequent quantification and sequencing. For this, we first spiked wastewater with SARS-CoV-2, influenza and measles viruses and norovirus and found that the NMP method recovered 0.4%-21% of them depending on virus type, providing consistent and reproducible results. Using the NMP and PEG methods, we monitored SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B viruses, RSV, enteroviruses and norovirus GI and GII and crAssphage in wastewater using quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods and next-generation sequencing. Good viral recoveries were observed for highly abundant viruses using both methods; however, PEG precipitation was more successful in the recovery of low-abundance viruses present in wastewater. Furthermore, samples processed with PEG precipitation were more successfully sequenced for SARS-CoV-2 than those processed with the NMP method. Virus recoveries were enhanced by high sample volumes when PEG precipitation was applied. Overall, our results suggest that the NMP concentration method is a rapid and easy virus concentration method for viral targets that are abundant in wastewater, whereas PEG precipitation may be more suited to the recovery and analysis of low-abundance viruses and for next generation sequencing.

The Effect of MoS2 and MWCNTs Nanomicro Lubrication on the Process of 7050 Aluminum Alloy

Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NMQL) is a resource-saving, environmentally friendly, and efficient green processing technology. Therefore, this study employs Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technology to conduct milling operations on aerospace 7050 aluminum alloy using soybean oil infused with varying concentrations of MoS2 and MWCNTs nanoparticles. By measuring cutting forces, cutting temperatures, and surface roughness under three different lubrication conditions (dry machining, Minimum Quantity Lubrication, and nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication), the optimal lubricating oil with the best lubrication performance is selected. Under the conditions of hybrid nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL), as compared to dry machining and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) processing, surface roughness was reduced by 48% and 36% respectively, cutting forces were decreased by 35% and 29% respectively, and cutting temperatures were lowered by 44% and 40%, respectively. Under the conditions of hybrid nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication, the optimal parameter combination is cutting speed (Vc) of 199.93 m/min, feed rate (f) of 0.18 mm, cutting depth (ap) of 0.49 mm, and nanofluid mass fraction (wt) of 0.51%. The hybrid nanofluid can significantly enhance heat exchange capacity and lubrication performance, thereby improving machining characteristics.

Application of steam explosion for preparing high value-added antioxidants from eggshell membrane waste

Eggshell membrane (ESM) is primary considered as food industry discard due to its highly insoluble structure. In this study, steam explosion was exploited to improve the utilization of ESM and convert it into high-valued antioxidants. An increase in dissolution rate of ESM to 66.67%–219.05% was detected, along with decrease in disulfide bonds and cysteine/cystine level induced by the steam explosion. After steam explosion pretreatment, DPPH radical scavenging rate and total antioxidant capacity of ESM hydrolysate (ESMH) were maximally increased by 87.48% and 103.09%, respectively, indicating an overwhelming advantage than unpretreated hydrolysate. Furthermore, ESMH exerted strong synergistic antioxidant activity with gallic acid (GA). Importantly, ESMH-GA mixture protected UVB-injured L929 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species and could be potentially used as antioxidant ingredients in cosmeceutical foods. This finding provided an efficient recycling strategy and direction for ESM utilization. Industrial relevanceSteam explosion is a new green and efficient processing technology. ESM with low solubility is an underutilized byproduct. This study applied steam explosion to ESM and significantly improved antioxidant activity of its hydrolysates (ESMH). ESMH protected UVB-injured L929 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species and could be potentially used as antioxidant ingredients in cosmeceutical foods. Steam explosion has the potential to be used to high-value utilization of ESM.