Efficient Non-enzymatic Glucose Research Articles

Simple Electrochemical Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Application as a Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor

Simple, additive-free nanosynthesis using environmentally benign processes and chemicals has attracted considerable attention in recent times. Cuprous oxide nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited using a simple aqueous electrolyte solution at room-temperature in the presence of air, showing a green, template-less one-step method of electrochemical synthesis. The size and distribution of the particles can be controlled by varying the concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte. Time of deposition can be controlled to create a uniformly deposited layer of nanoparticles. Deposition potential shows only moderate influence on the size of nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was shown that Cu2O nanoparticles can be effectively used for the fabrication of a low-cost, efficient non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Sensor shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of glucose with high sensitivity (507 μA/mMcm2) over a detection range of 100 μM to 2.5 mM. It exhibits good reproducibility and stability with a quick response time (<5 s) and good limit of detection (26 μM) for glucose.

A highly efficient non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on a nanostructured NiTiO3/NiO material

NiTiO3/NiO self-assembled crystalline nanoparticles synthesized via a surfactant-assisted EISA method exhibit excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards glucose biosensing with a very low limit of detection.

Facile synthesis of ultrafine Co3O4 nanocrystals embedded carbon matrices with specific skeletal structures as efficient non-enzymatic glucose sensors

A facile, effective, and environmentally friendly method has been adopted for the first time to prepare tiny Co3O4 nanocrystals embedded carbon matrices without using surfactants, harmful organic reagents or extreme conditions. Structural characterizations reveal that the size-controlled Co3O4 nanocrystals are uniformly dispersed on carbon matrices. Electrochemical measurements reveal that Co3O4-ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) can more efficiently catalyze glucose oxidation and acquire better detection parameters compared with those for the Co3O4-macroporous carbon, Co3O4-reduced graphene oxide, and free Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) (such as: the large sensitivity (2597.5μAcm−2mM−1 between 0 and 0.8mM and 955.9μAcm−2mM−1 between 0.9 and 7.0mM), fast response time, wide linear range, good stability, and surpassingly selective capability to electroactive molecules or Cl−). Such excellent performances are attributed to the synergistic effect of the following three factors: (1) the high catalytic sites provided by the uniformly dispersed and size-controlled Co3O4 nanocrystals embedded on OMC; (2) the excellent reactant transport efficiency caused by the abundant mesoporous structures of OMC matrix: (3) the improved electron transport in high electron transfer rate (confinement of the Co3O4 NPs in nanoscale spaces ensured intimate contact between Co3O4 nanocrystals and the conducting OMC matrix). The superior catalytic activity and selectivity make Co3O4-OMC very promising for application in direct detection of glucose.

Flexible Electrospun PVdF-HFP/Ni/Co Membranes for Efficient and Highly Selective Enzyme Free Glucose Detection

Highly selective and efficient nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors were fabricated by using electrospun polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) composite nanofiber membranes. The homogeneous, smooth and strongly interconnected nanofibers were identified for the bare PVdF-HFP membrane and beads in the PVdF-HFP nanofibers were observed for the PVdF-HFP/Ni and PVdF-HFP/Ni/Co nanofiber membranes. The face-centered cubic structure of Ni nanoparticles doped in the PVdF-HFP nanofibers has not been altered, even after the alloy formation with Co. The electrochemical oxidation of glucose in an alkaline medium was chosen as a probe for the detection of glucose and was achieved through the fabricated nanofiber membranes. Among the fabricated nanofiber membranes, the PVdF-HFP/Ni/Co membrane exhibited an excellent sensing behavior toward glucose with the low limit of detection and linear range of 0.26 μM and 1 μM to 7 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the fabricated nanofiber membrane exhibited good selectivity, high stability and reproducibility, which promises its applications in nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Well-Crystallized ZnO Nanoparticles

In this paper, well-crystallized ZnO nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized by facile simple solution process at low temperature and used as an efficient electron mediator for the fabrication of non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized in terms of their morphological, structural and compositional properties. The detailed morphological characterizations confirmed the large-scale synthesis of well-crystalline wurtzite hexagonal phase ZnO nanoparticles with the typical sizes of 35 ± 5 nm. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were effectively used as an electrode material for the fabrication of efficient, highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The fabricated glucose sensor shows a high and reproducible sensitivity of 38.133 � A/cm 2 mM with a response time less than 5 s. A linear dynamic range from 1∼10 mM and correlation coefficient of R = 0.9988 were observed for the fabricated sensor. The presented work demonstrated that the synthesized ZnO nanomaterials could act as effective electron mediators for the fabrication of efficient non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

Ni nanoparticles decorated titania nanotube arrays as efficient nonenzymatic glucose sensor

A novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor was developed based on the Ni nanoparticles-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ni-NPs/TiO2NTs). The Ni-NPs/TiO2NTs nanocomposites were prepared first by anodization of Ti foil, followed by pulsed electrodeposition method (PED) and characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS respectively. The results showed that spherical Ni nanoparticles were well dispersed and embedded in the TiO2NTs. The electrochemical measurements presented that the activated Ni-NPs with a diameter of 40nm displayed high electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose and a good sensitivity of 700.2μA mM−1cm−2 at applied potential 0.6V, with detection limit of 2μM (S/N=3), and good linear range (from 0.004 to 4.8mM). Such high sensitivity was attributed to the large surface area of the highly dispersed nanoparticles for electrocatalytic reaction and the fast electron transfer in the TiO2NTs electrode. The good analytical performance, low cost and simple preparation method make this novel electrode material promising for the development of effective glucose nonenzymatic glucose sensor.