Efficient Energy Source Research Articles

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC DAN PENERAPANNYA MENJADI POWER BANK 10000 MAH

Consumers of mobile devices expect manufacturers to produce devices that will be an efficient source of electrical energy. The battery currently used in the smartphone allows the device to operate for several hours. PowerBank extends the operating time of the device without the need to charge it through a charger that is connected to the mains and the most important feature that determines the quality of a power bank is its capacity. This paper first analyzes the effect of the number of solar cells on the application of a 10000 mAh PowerBank. It has been shown in this study that the capacity of the 10000 mAh PowerBank can charge a series of 2, 4, and 8 solar cells. What has also been investigated is Then testing it for several types of mobile devices. The results show that using a 2, 4, and 8 solar cell circuit type can only charge handheld cell phones with a battery capacity of 2000 mAh.

The Investigation about Impacts of Fukushima Nuclear Leakage Accident and Effects on Public Attitudes

The safety issues of using nuclear energy and its probability to become a reliable, efficient energy source in the future are controversial topics that people are arguing about. This essay focused on the analysis of specific nuclear energy accidents, which represented the safety problems of using nuclear energy, and discuss some personal opinions on the plausibility of nuclear energy becoming a dominant energy source in the future, which gave some understanding of nuclear energy use in environmental aspect and thus help people to gain a better understanding toward nuclear energy usage. In the illustration part, this essay collected data, research, and explanations from several articles and essays to provide a comprehensive analysis. At the end of this research, I found that damages caused by nuclear energy are severe and unneglectable, which can greatly pollute land, atmosphere, and ocean in a wide region. Therefore, a large number of people opposed further use of nuclear energy owing to its disastrous effects after the accident. However, nuclear energy has several benefits that can become a dominant energy source in the future. Overall, nuclear energy can become reliable in the future although the consequences created by the leakage after the Fukushima nuclear leakage accident are severe, which would be discussed in the following essay.

Development of Solar PV Systems for Mini-Grid Applications in Tanzania

Access to electricity offers great benefits to development through the provision of reliable and efficient energy sources in the country. Majority of the population living in the remote and rural areas of developing countries mostly sub-Saharan Africa are not supplied with electricity. Although the governments through their electricity companies put their effort to extends the grid distribution networks to remote and rural areas still the coverage were not sufficiently enough due to growing demands for safe and reliable electricity. However, solar as a source of energy remains the least utilized energy source in many countries including Tanzania. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems mini-grids have shown their potential in rural electrification projects in many countries mostly sub-Saharan Africa. A solar PV system mini-grid is a PV plant with a localized distribution network to a unit village, or a cluster of villages, providing alternating current (AC). Basically, it consists of solar PV modules of a certain capacity, charger controller, inverters for converting the DC power to AC power, housing for the battery bank and plant control systems. In areas where there is no grid connection or where diesel generation is the main power source, PV plants are able to generate electricity efficiently and relatively cheaply. This paper aims at giving out the overview of solar PV mini-grid applications in Tanzania basically, in terms of technical design and economic analysis of the selected mini-grid system at Juma Island village located in Sengerema District in Mwanza Region. The Juma Island settlements has the electricity demands estimated about 25 kWh per day. At the prevailing tariff conditions in the country, this project can be considered as financially viable with feed-in tariff scheme or other incentives such as grants/capital subsidies when applied. However, the other non-financial benefits like the greenhouse gas emissions savings can, in the long run, help mitigate the adverse effects of the climate change problem plaguing the entire earth.

Assessment of Local Domestic Solid Fuel Sources: A Kenyan Case Study in Kisii, Bomet and Narok Counties

Proximate analyses and decomposition profiles of solid fuels commonly used in Kenya were studied to determine their relative suitability for use as a clean and efficient source of energy in households. The moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content of firewood, charcoal, and briquette samples were investigated, as well as their decomposition profiles under various temperature regimes. Except for the ash content of the briquette sample, which deviated slightly likely due to the presence of binders, all the values were within acceptable limits according to International Energy Agency and World Health Organization. Decomposition profiles revealed that mass change during combustion tends to occur primarily between 350 and 500 °C once the majority of the volatiles had been released. Briquette samples proved to be the most dependable and suitable household fuel due to their longer combustion time and lower volatile matter content, implying lower emissions.

Parametric Optimization and Numerical Analysis of GaAs Inspired Highly Efficient I-Shaped Metamaterial Solar Absorber Design for Visible and Infrared Regions

Renewable energy demand is increasing as fossil fuels are limited and pollute the environment. The solar absorber is an efficient renewable energy source that converts solar radiation into heat energy. We have proposed a gallium arsenide-backed solar absorber design made with a metamaterial resonator and SiO2 substrate. The metamaterial resonator is investigated with thin wire metamaterial and I-shaped metamaterial designs. The I-shape metamaterial design outperforms the thin wire metamaterial design and gives 96% average absorption with a peak absorption of 99.95%. Structure optimization is applied in this research paper using parametric optimization. Nonlinear parametric optimization is used because of the nonlinear system results. The optimization method is used to optimize the design and improve the efficiency of the solar absorber. The gallium arsenide and silicon dioxide thicknesses are modified to see how they affect the absorption response of the solar absorber design. The optimized parameter values for SiO2 and GaAs thicknesses are 2500 nm and 1000 nm, respectively. The effect of the change in angles is also investigated in this research. The absorption is high for such a wide angle of incidence. The angle of 30° only shows a lower absorption of about 30–50%. The effect of the change in angles is also investigated in this research. The design results are verified by presenting the E-field results for different wavelengths. The optimized solar absorber design applies to renewable energy applications.

Design of semi-submersible offshore power generation platform based on green energy utilization

In recent years, wind energy is receiving increasing attention as a non-polluting, renewable, efficient and clean marine green energy source, and countries around the world are already stepping up their development and utilization of wind energy. This paper discusses the design parameters and data analysis of a feasible semi-submersible offshore wind power platform based on the integrated use of green energy for economic purposes under given hydrographic conditions. The design parameters of the power platform include the combination of a circular floating platform, columns, 4.2 MW turbine, floats, and trusses and their respective dimensions, while the data analysis emphasizes the initial stability analysis by verifying the distance between the steady center floats, the wave load calculation by calculating the magnitude of the Morrison force on the floats in waves, the wind load calculation by using static theory to deal with the structural forces at constant wind speed and the cost calculation by adding up the costs of various items. The results of the data analysis show that the designed platform has good initial stability, can withstand wave and wind loads under the design conditions, and that the cost of the materials used in the structure is reasonable. The draft design presented in this paper is expected to provide an alternative design for upgrading existing offshore power generation platforms, achieving a combined use of solar and wind energy, and reducing the cost of building semi-submersible offshore power generation platforms.

What's at Stake? The empirical importance of government revenue and debt and renewable energy for environmental neutrality in the US economy

Environmental taxes and pollution reduction have been the subject of several studies. By factoring the costs of pollution and other environmental costs into pricing, environmental taxes assist in correcting erroneous price mechanisms in the marketplace. It did, however, overlook the government's potential to facilitate the use of efficient energy sources, which is critical for environmental neutrality. The competence of a government is determined by its tax revenues, which allow the state to participate more in renewable energy technologies, offer an excellent opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and global warming by replacing traditional energy sources. To that aim, the impact of government revenues and debts, as well as renewable energy on environmental neutrality in the United States, is the only motive to conduct this research. A significant outcome of the renewable energy-environment nexus is revealed by tax revenue and debt. Since there seems to be no causation in the first moment, but higher-order interconnectedness emerges, as the quarterly data from 1990Q1 to 2020Q4 has been obtained to test for causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance employing novel non-parametric causality-in-quantiles algorithms. The findings reveal that renewable energy consumption and financial depth have significant predictive power for ecological footprint, uncovering asymmetric prediction across ecological transmission. Also, tax revenues and government debts found a significant connection and predictive potential in estimating the environmental footprint level. Thus, out of multiple suggestions, the study suggests that the government push tax reform policies to obtain investment in renewable energy sources. This shift toward renewable technology innovation allows the US to go green and retain environmental sustainability, which is also an utmost urgency of the UN's Sustainable development Goals (SDG-7).

Confined phase behavior of ethane in nanoporous media: An experimental investigation probing the effects of pore size and temperature

Ethane is rapidly becoming an efficient and dependable clean energy source for fast-growing and developing countries. It is the second most abundant natural gas after methane. However, it poses a major problem for ozone pollution and plays a significant role in greenhouse warming once released into the atmosphere. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that govern its behavior during storage in natural and artificial nanoporous materials is essential for numerous industrial and environmental applications. In this work, the confined phase behavior of ethane was investigated in ordered mesoporous silica material MCM-41 at varying nanoscale-pore sizes and temperatures. Adsorption and desorption isotherms were experimentally measured for a wide range of nanopore diameters (7, 10.2, 11.3, and 12.3 nm) and temperatures (varying from −65 to −20 °C) using an automated gravimetric nanocondensation apparatus. This system enabled direct quantification of the mass of ethane adsorbed onto the surfaces of nanopores. We examined the impact of the pore diameter and temperature on the adsorption, capillary condensation, and evaporation of ethane in nanoporous media. The capillary condensation and evaporation pressures were determined using the Lorentzian functions. The accuracy of the measurements was confirmed by comparing the experimental bulk condensation pressures with those reported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).The results demonstrate that the capillary condensation pressures increased with ascending pore diameters and temperatures. They also indicate that the degree of suppression of the saturation pressure due to confinement is predominant at low temperatures. The percent reduction in the pressure of vapor-liquid phase change decreased with an increase in temperature. A similar trend was observed with respect to changes in the pore size. The results showed that the effect of confinement was weakened as the nanopores became wider. Furthermore, insights were developed about the effects of pore diameter and temperature on the occurrence of the supercritical-like behavior of ethane in nanopores. A good agreement was evident between our results and the examples available in the literature.To the best of our knowledge, we present the first experimental study that describes the confined phase behavior of ethane using a patented gravimetric apparatus. This work presents a systematic approach to understand the effects of confinement in nanoporous media. Furthermore, it can aid the development of new ethane storage applications, especially the characterization of natural and artificial porous materials for energy and environment-related solutions.

Study on the Application of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Passenge Cars and Prospects

The increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources has driven extensive research and development in the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the advancements in hydrogen fuel cell technology and its potential application in passenger cars as a widely available, clean, and efficient energy source. By reviewing the current status of hydrogen fuel cells and national policies governing their implementation, this study aims to shed light on the development characteristics of China's hydrogen fuel cell industry, while also drawing comparisons with international hydrogen fuel cell policies and applications. Additionally, the article evaluates the performance of existing hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars in the market and proposes the application of future cutting-edge technologies to further enhance their capabilities. Through meticulous paraphrasing and enrichment, this scholarly work offers a comprehensive overview of hydrogen fuel cell technology, delves into the intricate landscape of the industry, and explores the promising prospects for its continued advancement. By encompassing a wide array of aspects related to hydrogen fuel cell technology, this article contributes to the academic discourse surrounding sustainable and efficient energy solutions for the transportation sector.

Impact of Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a Replacement for Soybean-Corn Ingredients on Egg Production, Physiological Status, and Economic Efficiency of Laying Hens

In the recent years, insect meals have been introduced as efficient and inexpensive sources of protein and energy in poultry nutrition. The current study was conducted to explore the possible impact of soybean-corn replacement with various levels of black soldier fly larvae

The use of low-grade heat in dehydration processes of agricultural products

Dehydration is one of the main technological processes in the production of food and pharmaceutical products. Dehydration allows products to extend their shelf life, or is an intermediate step in product manufacturing. An important direction in improving the efficiency of production of agricultural products is to control the consumption of heat and electricity. It has been established that waste heat can be used as a free efficient source of low-potential energy for the drying process. This article discusses the benefits of using a heat pump for the drying processes of agricultural products. Heat pump drying can obtain high quality products at low energy costs. A comparative analysis of the convective drying method using a heat pump with other modern dehydration methods of agricultural products was carried out. It was revealed that convective drying with the use of a heat pump is the most advantageous method of dehydration of agricultural complex products.

Glucose oxidation assisted hydrogen and gluconic/glucaric acid production using NiVP/Pi bifunctional electrocatalyst

Hydrogen is an efficient green energy source. Herein, we report nickel vanadium phosphide/phosphate–Vulcan carbon (NiVP/Pi–VC) as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for HER coupled with glucose oxidation, which shows lower cell voltage compared to water electrolysis.

Recent advances in sodium borohydride for hydrogen storage

Hydrogen energy is an efficient and renewable clean energy source, and the key issue for its application right moment is the development of hydrogen storage technology with high density and safety. Among many available hydrogen storage materials, metal complex hydrides with the advantages of high hydrogen storage capacity and good safety, are promising for future applications. However, high-capacity hydrogen storage composites suffer from disadvantages such as high hydrogen release temperature and poor reversibility, which severely limit their application. This paper provides a detailed summary of existing approaches to improve the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of NaBH4 for hydrogen storage, including the addition of catalysts, the incorporation of appropriate reactants and the preparation of nanoscale NaBH4, as well as an outlook on the future direction of pyrolysis.

Экономические аспекты поиска новых источников энергии, обусловленных преобразованием атомных электронных конфигураций

Energy sources are considered in connection with fundamental electromagnetic interactions. The hypothesis of the possibility of obtaining a fundamentally new energy source by converting atomic electronic configurations, first formulated in the early XX century by the discoverer of the electron J.J. Thomson, is analyzed. It is predicted that research and development related to electromagnetic interaction can lead to the emergence of new highly efficient and economical energy sources.

SECURITY ANALYSIS OF SMART GRIDS

A kind of electricity networks in which various processes are carried out, energy measurements are made with smart meters and there are renewable energy sources and other efficient energy sources called Smart Grids. These grids are consists of generation, transmission and distribution systems. For the smooth operation of it, the conditions of communication, flexibility of control system and smartness of distribution are required. Smart grids can be attacked simply by the penetration of voltage source converters. These attack types include caller ID attack, website, email, IPand, etc. Attacks occur when the attacker acts on behalf of another person or program by forging data. The attacker could be like another person, another computer, another device, etc. can behave like Smart grids have a communication network that spans large areas. Therefore, every component of smart grids can become active in attacks. Network traffic status should be regularly monitored to detect, recognize, control, and evaluate attacks. However, the network must also have the potential to heal itself in the face of attacks.

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen compression performance with a gradient water-retaining hybrid membrane

Stored hydrogen has become increasingly important as an efficient and clean energy source. Noiseless and highly efficient electrochemical hydrogen compressors (EHCs) have been employed in H2 fueling stations, refrigeration, and hydrogen purification. However, unequal water distribution in EHCs during operation significantly affects the compression performance. Herein, we developed a gradient hybrid membrane (PFSA/PCTS-5 + 2.5 + 1 %) for use in EHCs by synthesizing phosphorylated chitosan (PCTS) using chitosan, 2-phosphonate butane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid, and other water-retaining components. Advanced physical characterizations were employed to analyze the morphology, chemical structure, proton conductivity, water uptake ratio, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the membranes. Furthermore, the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated with PFSA/PCTS hybrid membranes exhibited significant performance enhancement at a 50 % RH. The PFSA/PCTS-5 + 2.5 + 1 %-based MEA yields an EHC that can compress H2 up to 0.9 MPa in 419 s (at 50 % RH) and up to 1.0 MPa in 137 s (at 100 % RH) in compression testing. EIS analysis reveals that the ohmic resistance decreased markedly due to gradient hybrid structure of membrane. Such a remarkable performance is attributed to the gradient structure, high hydrophilicity of the functional groups (–OH, –NH2), and good proton conductivity arising from the synergetic effect of phosphate groups and carboxyl groups.

Sic itur ad astra – wyścig Chin o dominację ekonomiczną i technologiczną w przestrzeni kosmicznej

Sic itur ad astra: China’s race for economic and technological dominance in space The subject of this study is to show the growing importance of space in the economic context. The article is an attempt to answer the question of whether China has a chance to win the race for economic dominance in space in the coming years. The method used in the article is descriptive and explanatory research and primarily cause-and-effect analysis. The thesis derived from the aim of the research is that space has become a critical area of economic competition between China and the United States. Although it was only in 2013 that China managed to do what the US did 50 years earlier, the Chinese space program clearly has accelerated in the 2020s. By 2030, China plans to establish a research station on the moon, because the helium-3 found on its surface, as a safe, efficient source of energy, could revolutionize the energy industry on Earth.

Technical and economic feasibility of using agricultural biomass (grain straw and oilseeds) for heat production in Kazakhstan

A steady trend of recent decades is the search and implementation of efficient, rational and renewable sources of thermal energy to reduce environmental pollution. Agricultural biomass pellets can be used as biofuels. Purpose – issues of development of bioenergy in Kazakhstan, economic feasibility of using this technology by managing supply chains of grain straw and oilseeds from the field to the consumer are considered. Methods – analysis of logistics audit, which examined the characteristics of supply chains from raw materials to energy resources, taking into account each stage of logistics: harvesting, storage, transportation, associated costs and the flow of information through logistics channels. Results – main logistics chains for the delivery of this organic energy carrier, its cost and complex logistics operations in production and use of energy, as well as losses at each stage, are determined. It has been determined that potential amount of waste varies for various crops and regions of the republic. Recommendations have been developed for functioning of logistics system for the supply of waste materials of agricultural production as fuel for boiler house and directions for improving the efficiency of logistics means of communication based on existing and potential ways of importing biomass are shown. Conclusions – agro-industrial complex will receive significant benefits from the use of renewable energy sources (RES) through "green" technologies. In addition to environmental benefits, renewable energy will reduce operating costs and improve energy security of the enterprise. Renewable energy production will help diversify the income of economic entities in agro-industrial complex through the sale of surplus electricity produced, as well as various types of biofuels – promising type of renewable energy resources with high calorific value.

China's hydrogen development strategy in the context of double carbon targets

As a clean, low-carbon, efficient and renewable energy source, hydrogen has gradually become an important energy carrier to combat climate change and achieve sustainable development in the world. China is now facing the stress of realizing the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, where hydrogen will play a significant role. Against this backdrop, to develop China's hydrogen strategy under the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, this paper explores the hydrogen resource endowment in China, presents the concepts such as Hydrogen Ethics and the Hu's Hydrogen Line, and discusses the status quo and existing advantages in hydrogen production, storage, transport and utilization in China. Six major obstacles and challenges that China's hydrogen energy industry is facing are pointed out, i.e. cost problem, inadequate hydrogen infrastructures, low energy efficiency mismatching the development progress of renewable energy, insufficient market demand, shortcomings in technology, and imperfect policy system. Finally, five policy suggestions for the future development of China's hydrogen energy industry are proposed as follows: (1) make an action plan as a response to the national hydrogen development plan; (2) build an international and domestic double-cycle hydrogen economic system; (3) incorporate hydrogen into the establishment of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system; (4) accelerate the technological innovation to form advanced hydrogen technologies; and (5) construct hydrogen-oriented industrial clusters/parks to expand the hydrogen utilization market. It is concluded that for meeting the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, China should leverage the dual advantages of hydrogen as an energy carrier and an industrial raw material, allowing the hydrogen industry to play a synergistic role in ensuring the country's energy security, promoting the socio-economic transformation and upgrading, and protecting the ecological environment, thereby providing a technical option and support for China to achieve the ultimate goal of carbon neutrality.

Experimentally Observed Nucleation and Growth Behavior of Mg/MgH2 during De/Hydrogenation of MgH2/Mg: A Review.

With the increasing energy crisis and environmental problems, there is an urgent need to seek an efficient renewable energy source, and hydrogen energy is considered one of the most promising energy carriers. Magnesium is considered a promising hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen storage density, abundant resources, and low cost. However, sluggish kinetic performance is one of the bottlenecks hindering its practical application. The kinetic process of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation can be influenced by both external and internal factors, including temperature, pressure, elementary composition, particle size, particle surface states, irregularities in particle structure, and hydrogen diffusion coefficient. The kinetic performance of the MgH2/Mg system can be effectively improved by more active sites and nucleation centers for hydrogen absorption and desorption. Herein, we briefly review and discuss the experimentally observed nucleation and growth behavior of Mg/MgH2 during de/hydrogenation of MgH2/Mg. In particular, the nucleation and growth behavior of MgH2 during the hydrogenation of Mg is discussed from the aspect of temperature and hydrogen pressure.