Efficient Business Practices Research Articles

A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Triple-Entry Accounting in Crypto Assets

The digital revolution in accounting is a major change that affects the way we view, manage, and report financial information. One form of the digital revolution in accounting is the emergence of blockchain technology and Triple-entry Accounting (TEA). This research aims to examine the application of triple-entry accounting with blockchain in the recording of crypto assets. This research uses a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review using the WATASE UAKE platform. This method summarizes research from many sources into specific topics based on items determined by the researcher. The results show that the application of blockchain technology can help achieve a country's economic development goals and can establish more secure, transparent, and efficient business practices by reducing various existing risks.

The Role of Green Finance in Sustainable Business Strategies: Opportunities and Challenges for Business Organizations

Amidst increasing awareness of environmental and social issues, businesses worldwide are increasingly recognizing the importance of adopting sustainable business strategies. Green finance has become a popular approach among companies to integrate financial aspects with sustainable environmental goals. This research aims to investigate in-depth the opportunities and challenges associated with green finance practices for business organizations. The study is a literature review with a qualitative approach, utilizing descriptive analysis. Data for this research were obtained through a search of articles on Google Scholar spanning from 2014 to 2024. The study findings indicate that in an era where environmental awareness is on the rise, green finance practices are becoming increasingly crucial for companies looking to adopt sustainable business strategies. Green finance enables companies to integrate environmental values into investment decisions and fund allocation, creating incentives for more environmentally efficient business practices, and helping to mitigate environmental risks that may disrupt long-term operations. However, the implementation of green finance faces several challenges, including lack of understanding and awareness, complexity in measuring environmental impact, initial costs and economies of scale, limitations in data and measurement methods, as well as resource and internal capacity constraints. To address these challenges, cross-sector collaboration among private, government, and financial institutions is key.

Exploring the Impact of Ownership Structure and CEO Power on CSR and Firm Performance in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Pre, Post and Covid Era as an Emerging Economy

The primary purpose of this research is to acquire a profound comprehension of the impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the operations of firms and on society as a whole, with Pakistan serving as the focal point of the research. This study's objective is to determine whether or not there is a moderating effect of CEO power on the relationships that exist between CSR, ownership concentration, and efficient business practices. In-depth research has been conducted on fifty different non-financial enterprises in Pakistan to see how well they performed before, during, and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. On the data that has been gathered, descriptive statistics and regression analysis have been carried out with the assistance of SPSS. The research found that in the middle of the Covid-19 outbreak in Pakistan, the degree of authority held by CEOs had a major impact on the dynamics of the economy. The authority of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has a significant impact on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the performance of an organization. Even in a developing country like Pakistan, the present study highlights the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the positive influence it may have on the bottom line of a firm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial benefits that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has on society, with a particular emphasis on emerging countries such as Pakistan. This research serves as a useful guide by emphasising how important CSR is for linking together the success of businesses and the well-being of the society in which they operate.

Exploring the Impact of Ownership Structure and CEO Power on CSR and Firm Performance in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Pre, Post and Covid Era as an Emerging Economy

The primary purpose of this research is to acquire a profound comprehension of the impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the operations of firms and on society as a whole, with Pakistan serving as the focal point of the research. This study's objective is to determine whether or not there is a moderating effect of CEO power on the relationships that exist between CSR, ownership concentration, and efficient business practices. In-depth research has been conducted on fifty different non-financial enterprises in Pakistan to see how well they performed before, during, and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. On the data that has been gathered, descriptive statistics and regression analysis have been carried out with the assistance of SPSS. The research found that in the middle of the Covid-19 outbreak in Pakistan, the degree of authority held by CEOs had a major impact on the dynamics of the economy. The authority of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has a significant impact on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the performance of an organization. Even in a developing country like Pakistan, the present study highlights the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the positive influence it may have on the bottom line of a firm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial benefits that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has on society, with a particular emphasis on emerging countries such as Pakistan. This research serves as a useful guide by emphasising how important CSR is for linking together the success of businesses and the well-being of the society in which they operate.

Schumpeterian creative destruction and temporal changes in business models of US banks

Schumpeter theorizes that capitalism is characterized by a constant process of creative destruction. Newcomers introduce disruptive innovations and technologies that replace older, less efficient business practices. Thus, established firms must either continually adapt or perish. Christensen (1997) argues that large, established firms cannot innovate as fast as newcomers and thus are likely to perish over time. We test these predictions in the setting of the United States banking sector. We examine banks' credit and liquidity risks as proxies for their business models, as well as their reliance on brokered deposits, commercial real estate loans, off-balance sheet items, and noninterest income as proxies for operational strategies. We find that banks' credit and liquidity risks increased significantly over the last 40 years or so, indicating a steady change in banks' business models. This trend stems primarily from progressively aggressive business models introduced by incoming cohorts. Older cohorts respond to changing market conditions by increasing the aggressiveness of their own business models, but not as much as the newcomers. Surprisingly, surviving large banks among older cohorts change their business models faster than smaller banks from the same cohorts. Thus, while we find support for Schumpeterian creative destruction and Christensen's (1997) arguments, we also find that large and established banks are better able to adapt to new market conditions, perhaps because they have superior access to resources and talent necessary to implement transformation. Our findings at least partly explain why the dominant players in the US banking sector have remained the same decade after decade.

Effect of Supplier Collaboration on Company Performance through Lean Manufacture and Inventory Control

This study examined how supplier collaboration practices can affect company performance through the mediation of lean manufacturing and inventory control in the context of Java, Indonesia. The mediating effect of lean manufacturing and inventory control on the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance was investigated. This survey was collected among 88 manufacturing companies on the island of Java, which are engaged in the chemical and chemical goods sector and the non-metallic minerals industry. Validity and reliability analysis and structural equation modeling to test hypotheses using smartPLS software. This study reveals that supplier collaboration practices positively and significantly affect company performance. In addition, it also found that inventory control positively and significantly mediates the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance. In contrast, lean manufacturing does not significantly mediate the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mediation effect in the practice of inventory control and lean manufacturing on the company performance-supplier collaboration relationship. Company leaders also gain insight on how to collaborate with suppliers to help companies implement more efficient business practices by making continuous improvements and always maintaining inventory levels so that companies can improve their performance.

Forecasting Russian Food Exports in the Face of Uncertainty Using the Input-Output Method

The presented study examines the conditions and factors for the implementation of national projects in Russia during the transition towards a digital economy. Particular attention is paid to the use of the input-output method in forecasting the final operating results of the Russian agro-food industry, with a focus on identifying key factors for the growth of competitive food exports in the medium term.Aim. The study aims to analyze the specific aspects of forecasting Russian food exports in the face of uncertainty using the input-output method.Tasks. The authors substantiate the need to use the input-output method for the scientific analysis of management decisions in the field of foreign economic activity and identify the specific features of a new approach to forecasting food exports in the face of uncertainty.Methods. The methodology used in this study is determined by the increasing uncertainty of foreign economic relations, which calls for modern economic and mathematical methods in forecasting. The authors propose using their own modification of the symmetrical input-output table of the Russian agro-food industry and the method of dynamic data visualization to examine processes with a high level of uncertainty.Results. The study describes the conditions and factors for the growth of Russian food exports in the context of increasing uncertainty in the development of world trade; substantiates the necessity and presents the results of the transformation of operation of public and commercial organizations engaged in exports; proposes a systems approach to forecasting the vector of the final product of the Russian agro-food industry and the vector of exports as its component that would ensure the implementation of national projects to improve the population's quality of life; estimates the probability of sustainable growth of Russian food exports in the medium term.Conclusions. In the context of crisis phenomena in the world economy, the Russian export management system offers new forms of support for exporters through digital transformation of services, diversification of traditional foreign relations and state export support measures, ensures the dissemination of new efficient business practices and development of an export support strategy for the post-crisis period. By using the input-output method in the forecasting of food exports, it is possible to comprehensively substantiate a system of national projects aimed at increasing the population's quality of life and strengthening the country's food security. To justify forecasts amid the increasing uncertainty in the development of foreign economic relations, it is necessary to use data visualization over time to estimate the probability of achieving the parameters of national projects in the medium term.

Quality Assurance in Organisations for Adult Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Organisations/institutions for adult education, whether public or private, were among the frst ones to enter the education market. Terefore, they need to create conditions for efficient education process and efficient business practices, hence to fight for quality assurance respectively quality management. From the viewpoint of quality assurance in education, the key question is how well are they prepared to tackle the market determined by quality, regarding management resources. Only those organisations which are able to manage quality and meet quality standards according to users’ needs, will persist on the education market. Today, several quality management models are being applied in adult education organisations in Europe. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, as in our entire region, models of education quality management are primarily subject to theoretical discussions, while in the education practice there are still no attempts to apply some of those models. Based on critical elaboration and empirical research of applicability of the eduQua model, we intended to point out the possibilities of eduQua quality standard introduction in adult education organisations, and to defne recommendations and guidelines for quality assurance in adult education organisations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Research results show that it is not possible to fully apply the standards of eduQua model in our conditions, but they enabled us to frame recommendations and guidelines for quality assurance in organisations for adult education in BiH.

Philanthrocapitalism: rendering the public domain obsolete?

Engaging the lively debates about the next expression of neoliberalism, this study suggests that it is evolving into philanthrocapitalism. After a brief discussion of the trajectories from neoliberalism, the article addresses the core ideology of philanthrocapitalism. The central thesis explores how philanthrocapitalism is moving beyond the requirement of ‘business practices’ for recipients of donor funds, into enforcing ‘business rule’ on to the public domain. Although philanthrocapitalism is most debated in the fields of health care and education, this article uses empirical analysis of international agricultural policies trying to enlist Southern Africa policies. It explores how philanthrocapitalist rule is reducing transparency, participation and deliberation within the public domain, well beyond requesting efficient business practices for greater food security. It concludes with how smallholder farmers are actively organising to resist business rule over their genetic resources and farming practices.

Supporting Medicines Adherence

People with chronic health conditions often need multiple medications taken at different times, and this can lead to the patient having difficulty managing all their medications.A new contract between the Ministry of Health, DHBs and pharmacies in 2012 signalled a shift to more patient-centric services. Proactive medicines management helps to reduce errors, while improving the quality of therapy, coordination of care, creating direct cost savings for the DHB and patient in medication management.This agreement re-allocated funding for the targeted care that pharmacies provide for patients with multiple medications and poor adherence. It better recognises pharmacy staff’s expertise and their contribution in primary care. Pharmacies required tools to support their patient-focused approach. Despite being an integral part of the care team, pharmacists typically had poor visibility of patients’ diagnosis and other relevant assessments and care plans.Participating in a 2015 pilot of a Medication Adherence Support Service (MASS) module on Whānau Tahi’s Connected Care (WTCC) platform enabled Waimauku Village Pharmacy to re-design its model of care and business practices. Multiple pharmacies from the Northern region contributed insights to MASS, which enables a pharmacist to assess a patient’s medications adherence. Based on the assessment, pharmacist and patient agree a Medications Adherence Plan. The pharmacist can also maintain a Managed List of Medications, implement patient specific tasks tailored to assist better medicine management and improve adherenceThe Medications Adherence Plan and Managed List of Medications are part of a patient’s Shared Care Plan and can be seen and updated by other care team members and authorised clinicians including those in emergency departments.The module overcomes many common barriers to adoption by including “launch in context” integration from Pharmacy Management Systems LOTS and Toniq. Delivered ‘as a service’, the solution can be accessed with no additional IT support within a pharmacy. In the Northern Region, it is part of the regional “e-Shared Care” solution so all users of e-Shared Care and other regional systems (e.g. Concerto) can access the Plan and List without any additional integration. Various DHBs nationwide are now exploring how to use WTCC MASS to support LTC-eligible patients.MASS is aiding the transition of pharmacy services from patient-initiated medicine supply to more proactive, patient-centred pharmacy care. More efficient business practices frees up staff to spend more time with patients and really understand their needs which in turn reduces the burden of care for higher-needs patients. It also enables pharmacists to maximise the value of the LTC component of the Community Pharmacy Services Agreement. At Waimauku Village Pharmacy, for example, pharmacist Robbie Hanon redesigned his whole pharmacy model of care for LTC patients, based on WTCC, resulting in a 50% increase in patients seen with no additional staff costs.Future gains may also be made through improved Information capture at each patient encounter and reporting to reduce the audit burden on pharmacies. Communication with fellow healthcare professionals and providers is supported, with pharmacies using recognisable clinical presentations, display of information and the fit with the wider patient -centric care planning.

Online RPM and MFN Under Antitrust Law and Economics

The legal framing of a firm’s pricing strategy can determine whether it constitutes online resale price maintenance (RPM) or online most favored nation (MFN). Together, cases that involve online RPM and MFN can be viewed as a natural experiment of how antitrust economics and law may adapt to an online world. Thus far, legal theories that have been inconsistent with economic theories have dictated enforcement across jurisdictions, which has led to confusion that thwarts potentially efficient business practices. This paper distinguishes issues of online RPM from traditional RPM and online RPM from online MFN. We apply the economics learning to RPM and analyze the antitrust cases of online RPM and MFN to date in the United States, Europe, and Australia. Finally, we offer policy recommendations that reduce the confusion in current legal doctrine.

Pharmacists provide care

Pharmacists provide care

The faces of pharmacy: Students and pharmacists stepping forward

The faces of pharmacy: Students and pharmacists stepping forward

Developing A Policy Framework for Smartwork : Task, Technology, People, Organization and Management

With the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT), diverse work policies, such as, telework, telecommuting, flexible work had been conceptualized and implemented to encourage efficient business practices and worker satisfaction. These work policies are the forerunners of newly emerging concept of Smart Work. However, as smart work is a new concept, no single agreeable definition can be found. In this study, the relevant literatures published in past 15 years are reviewed systematically in order to derive a conceptual framework for Smart Work, from related research, such as telecommuting, flexible time, telework, etc. Related variables are grouped into five clusters: Task, Technology, People, Organization Structure and Managerial Levers, forming a policy and research framework. Further research are suggested after the discussion of implications.

Russian anti-trust policy: power of enforcement versus quality of rules

In recent years the role of anti-monopoly policy in Russia has grown significantly. The enforcement power of the anti-trust agency has increased dramatically. At the same time adverse trends in competition policy have emerged and strengthened. The main reason was, paradoxically, a growing role of anti-trust policy in the Russian government. The enforcement of anti-trust rules is expected to result immediately in control of the price level and/or support of a defined group of market participants (e.g. suppliers of food products). In this context legal rules are changing in a way that leads to an increase in the number of false positives (type I errors) in anti-trust cases. False positives not only impose a burden on the accused but also distort the incentives of market participants, restrain potentially efficient business practices and also paradoxically can prevent competition. This article considers three examples of adverse development of anti-trust rules in Russia: regulation of trading activity, rules on collusion and excessive prices of collectively dominant market participants, and rules on discrimination as an abuse of a dominant position.

Some Realities of Online Contracting

Internet commerce has led to novel forms of contracting that raise challenging legal and regulatory questions. For instance, many online sellers do not present standard form terms until after consumers purchase their product, or place them in inconspicuous links, making it hard for buyers to read them and comparison shop. Regulators and consumer advocates fear that this practice undermines the notion of assent, making consumers vulnerable to seller exploitation. Recent proposals seek to curb the potential for seller abuse through increasing contract disclosure and prohibiting certain onerous dispute resolution clauses, such as forum selection clauses. If such interventions are developed in the absence of clear evidence of advantage-taking, however, they risk distorting efficient business practices or imposing unnecessary costs. In addition, certain regulations, such as increased disclosure, might simply be ineffective. This article reviews new empirical evidence on these questions from studies of software End User License Agreements and discusses the policy implications of this evidence.

Financing Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: National Vaccine Advisory Committee Recommendations

Financing Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: National Vaccine Advisory Committee Recommendations

Louis D. Brandeis and his role promoting scientific management as a progressive movement

PurposeThe paper aims to highlight the fact that Louis Dembitz Brandeis, well known for his time as a US Supreme Court Justice, was also very influential in promoting the virtues of scientific management in its early period of development while America was experiencing progressivism. In addition to his well known brilliance as a legal scholar, he was also a proponent of the importance of the role of efficient business practices in benefiting the worker and society in general. This paper aims to discuss the relationship between Brandeis and the scientific management movement that evolved over a period of decades that ultimately led to their mutual success.Design/methodology/approachThrough a discussion of the key relationship developed between Brandeis and scientific management the paper shows how each was able to thrive during progressive times.FindingsOver the span of his career Brandeis was adept at blending his appreciation and understanding of efficient business practices based on scientific management concepts with his view of a legal society. His legal and judicial temperament were best illustrated by his well known Brandeis brief which methodically combined economic facts and statistics of work performance with sound and convincing legal recommendations.Originality/valueThis is a historical account that provides a better understanding of the key role that Brandeis played in highlighting the field of scientific management while at the same time applying its concepts in a unique way to issues in the law and society.

QS253. The Business Practices in an Academic Department of Surgery: Can We Survive?

Background: Reimbursement for general surgery has been steadily falling over the past decade. At the same time the business of billing and collecting for the care a general surgeon provides has become very complex, especially in an academic practice where many of the newest procedures are offered in advance of the existence of standard billing codes and reimbursement amounts. To maintain profit margins, academic surgeons must simultaneously increase the volume and decrease operating expenses, all in the face of the requirement of establishing efficient business practices.

Organizational Change Models: A Comparison

Over years the business philosophies have changed and so have the ways in which businesses were conducted in the past. This has led to change in the processes, procedures and evolution of cultures across globe. As ever, culture has remained pivotal in facilitating the process of change. Understanding the right ingredients of culture and leveraging on them to foster change process is a sure formula for success, however, not too many organizations have done it successfully in the past. Even as we enter the 21st century and feel the need to adopt new business measures for instituting efficient business practices, we walk into a world that brings along with it the need to change, need to be flexible, open and receptive to the whole process of change. In wake of this, the paper discusses various change models that have evolved over time. These change models have been instrumental in successful implementation of change processes across organizations; however, caution must be exercised with the use of change models, as the line distinguishing one model of change from the other is apparently very thin. The paper endeavors to use Van de Ven & Poole (1995) framework to assess different models and clearly lists out the parameters that can be used for analyzing and comparing various change models. The model has been mentioned in details by Weick and Quinn in their book titled Organizational Change and Development. The paper includes analysis of 15 change models each of it analyzed on different parameters such as organization type that it suits the most, the factors facilitating and necessitating change under various models, the strategy for change for different models and finally the actors involved in the change process for the change models in question.