Efficient Arrangement Research Articles

Mixing performance improvement of T-shaped micromixer using novel structural design of channel and obstacles

Micromixers play a crucial role in mixing different fluids within microfluidic systems. Therefore, it is essential to analyze parameters, such as dimensional characteristics, mixing length, micromixer efficiency, and the mixing process, to enhance their performance. In this study, we examine various T-shaped micromixer designs, including triangular, rectangular, and trapezius configurations, to evaluate their mixing performance and compare them with a corresponding circular micromixer. Additionally, we investigate the effects of obstacles, varying their angles and distances, in the circular micromixer to determine trends in mixing improvement across cases. The micromixers have minimal dimensions, resulting in laminar flow. By comparing the outcomes of the proposed cases with those without obstacles, we find that the triangular micromixer exhibits the highest mixing performance with 8.3% improvement with respect to the circular case. Furthermore, while the rectangular case initially displayed the weakest performance at lower Reynolds numbers, a discernible enhancement was observed as Reynolds numbers increased. This improvement was attributed to the emergence of vortices at Re = 20. The performance showed a substantial increase, reaching a coefficient of 0.98 at Re = 40, a value closely approaching that of the triangular case. Among the three obstacles, one obstacle is varied at four different angles (0°, 60°, 90°, and 120°), while the other two obstacles remain fixed at distances of 150 and 200 μm. In cases involving obstacles, a noteworthy enhancement was evident when compared to cases without obstacles. In these cases, the introduction of obstacles resulted in a remarkable 34% improvement in the mixing index compared to obstacle-free scenarios. This improvement can be attributed to the observed flow behavior, where the formation of vortices, even at low Reynolds numbers, emerges as a key factor contributing to this enhancement. In addition, we assess the mixing enhancement to identify the most efficient arrangement of obstacles. The results indicate angles of 90° and 120° are more effective than others in improving mixing proficiency.

Windbreak effectiveness of shelterbelts with different characteristic parameters and arrangements by means of CFD simulation

Shelterbelts can locally reduce wind speed in open terrains, moderating wind induced damage for agriculture and ameliorating growing conditions for crops. In this paper, Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is adopted to clarify the effects of the characteristic parameters and arrangement of shelterbelts on their windbreak efficiency. The Darcy-Forchheimer canopy model is adopted to represent the vegetation, so modeling it as an isotropic porous medium. The shelterbelts are immersed in wind representative of the one expected in the atmospheric boundary layer and the numerical model is firstly validated against full-scale data. The parameters governing the shelterbelt aerodynamic performance, including shelterbelt width, shelterbelt length and opening length, are systematically varied, so providing a clear overview of the effects induced by their modification. The results show that the sheltering effect is enhanced as the shelterbelt width increases, while the effects of shelterbelt length are less pronounced in comparison. When there is opening inside the shelterbelt, the mean wind speed and turbulence kinetic energy behind the canopy is significantly increased due to the passage of airflow. General considerations regarding efficient shelterbelt arrangements are deduced by a comparison among L-, U- and rectangular-shaped types.

Modulation of carrier conduction in CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots with band-aligned electron and hole acceptors.

The lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials with intriguing photo-physical properties and have immense potential for photovoltaic applications. A comprehensive study on the kinetics of charge carrier (electron/hole) generation and transfer across the interface is key to realizing their future scope for efficient device engineering. Herein, we investigate the interfacial charge transfer (CT) dynamics in cesium lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with energetically favorable electron acceptors, anthraquinone (AQ) and p-benzoquinone (BQ), and hole acceptors such as pyrene and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). With various steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic and microscopic measurements, a faster electron transfer rate is estimated for CsPbBr3 PQDs with BQ compared to that of AQ, while a superior hole transfer for DMAP is divulged compared to pyrene. In concurrence with the spectroscopic measurements, conducting atomic force microscopic studies across the electrode-PQD-electrode junction reveals an increment in the conductance of the PQD in the presence of both the electron and hole acceptors. The variation of the density of states calculation in the presence of the hole acceptors offers strong support and validation for faster CT efficiency. The above findings suggest that a careful selection of simple yet efficient molecular arrangements can facilitate rapid carrier transfer, which can be designed as auxiliary layers for smooth CT and help in the engineering of cost-effective photovoltaic devices.

Near-Optimal Scheduling for Crowdsourced Transit System With Skip-Stop Tactic

Efficient bus scheduling is a crucial component for the improvement of public transit services. Without systematic optimization and efficient shift arrangement, the bus scheduling system may suffer from poor vehicle loading rate or crowd onboard, resulting in wasted energy and passenger dissatisfaction. In this paper, we consider a crowdsourced bus service system (on a fixed route) that receives user requests as input and computes the scheduling of buses with flexible departure time and skip-stop to minimize the travel time of users. We first show that the general problem of computing the optimal scheduling is NP-hard. On the other hand, for the case when skip-stop is not adopted, we propose the Optimized Departure Time (ODT) algorithm that computes optimal scheduling. Our algorithm is built on an innovative reduction of the problem to some variants of the k-clustering problem and an efficient application of dynamic programming. On top of ODT, we further improve the effectiveness of the solution by utilizing the power of skip-stop tactic, named ODTS. Our experimental results demonstrate that ODT and ODTS dramatically outperform existing algorithms for the bus scheduling problem in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Moreover, the solutions given by ODTS are very close to the optimum.

Flexible Working Arrangements and Human Capital Development in Organizations: Key Issues

Employees involved in the production of both goods and services are notably any organization’s most valuable assets. Organizations are continually striving to develop their employees’ human capital. Human capital development involves those activities focused on advancing the most par excellent workforce, to ensure that the organization and individual employees achieve their work goals and is concerned with activities related to the experience, skills, training, knowledge, education, competences and technical know-how contributed by humans to an organization. Hence, human capital development could be in the form of general training which enables acquisition of general or specific knowledge, competencies and skills for the improvement of a particular job, improving the health conditions of employees, or improving working conditions by using more efficient and innovative working arrangements. Flexible working arrangements (FWAs) are atypical work patterns which take into account the demands of employees, particularly in terms of balancing work and personal life and allowing an employee to choose when and where to work normally outside the traditional typical pattern of arriving at the workplace by 8am and leaving at 4pm daily. It includes the following: flexible working hours, flexi-time, part -time work, overtime, job sharing, teleworking etc. This paper looks at key issues that arise from embracing flexible working patterns as forms of improving work condition for human capital development. The ecological systems theory with its two guiding propositions which state that individuals develop through prolonged interaction with others and that immediate and distant environments influence this development is applied as the theoretical framework. Library research involving analytical discussion of secondary data is adopted as the methodology. It is recommended the issues encountered from imbibing flexible working arrangements in organizations should be considered and tackled to ensure that the benefits of Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) for human capital development are properly harnessed.

Multi-objective optimization of sandwich structures for reinforcing composite fuselages

This study introduces a simulation-based optimization approach that combines a multi-objective genetic algorithm and the finite element method to design sandwich structures to reinforce composite fuselages. The sandwich structure has been parametrized with a set of mixed integer-continuous variables representing the polymer core thickness, the number and weight of laminated fiberglass layers, and size and position of the structure. Automatic scripting builds the geometry of the structure, then mounts it in the fuselage, and finally creates a conformal mesh. During the optimization, each reinforced fuselage is subjected to several load cases specified by the CS-22 EASA design standard, determining the worst load condition. Two objectives were considered: increasing the reinforced fuselage’s minimum fiber stress safety factor for improved safety and reducing the number of layers of the sandwich structure to minimize manufacturing costs. Structural constraints were the mass of the sandwich structure and buckling and flexo-torsional deformation of the reinforced fuselage. Results show an efficient material arrangement due to the reduced number of layers in the sandwich structure and a stress safety factor surpassing that set by the standard. Finally, the reinforcement of a glider fuselage to incorporate a retractable electric propulsion system is presented as a real-world industrial application.

Numerical Simulation and Parameter Optimization of a New Reed–Nylon Net Combined Sand Fence

This paper introduces a kind of double-row reed–nylon net combined sand barrier. Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and the Euler–Euler double-fluid model, the new sand fences’ windproof effect and airflow features are simulated under different porosities and spacings, and the optimal configuration parameters are selected. The new sand fence has better windproof performance and practical significance than double-row reed and double-row nylon net fences. The new sand fences with a porosity of 0.3–0.4 and spacing of 28 H provide a longer protection range and a better wind protection effect. Considering the serious sand damage in China’s Taklamakan Desert, the new fences’ impact on sand buildup is examined. The combined sand fences have powerful sand blocking and accumulation effects, even though there is only a small quantity of sand accumulation on the leeward side of the second row. The sand particles primarily settle between sand fences in the center and rear areas. The combination of sand fences made of different materials combines the advantages of both, improves the construction efficiency and service life, and provides a more economical and efficient sand barrier arrangement for the arrangement of wind and sand-blocking facilities around railroads and highways in desert areas.

Concealing Robots in Environments: Enhancing Navigation and Privacy through Stealth Integration

With the continuous advancement of robotics technology, the integration of robots into diverse human environments has become increasingly prevalent. However, the presence of robots in public spaces can often elicit discomfort or unease among individuals. To address this concern, the concept of concealing robots in various settings has emerged as an innovative approach to improve robot navigation and interaction while minimizing intrusion on human privacy. This paper explores the motivations, challenges, and potential benefits of hiding robots in different environments, particularly within the context of swarm robotics where multiple interconnected robots form a cohesive swarm. Equipped with onboard processing, communication, and sensing capabilities, these robots can autonomously interact with each other and adapt to the environment.The paper investigates the problem of maximizing the number of hidden orthogonal swarm robots, considering scenarios in which robots need to navigate and operate within polygonal environments. Specifically, it presents a 4-approximation algorithm for computing a maximum hidden robot set in such environments. The algorithm offers a practical solution for determining an efficient arrangement of robots that minimizes their visibility while ensuring effective swarm operation.By concealing robots in diverse environments, several benefits can be achieved. First, it helps to alleviate discomfort or unease among individuals, allowing for smoother integration of robots into public spaces. Additionally, concealing robots enhances their navigation capabilities by leveraging stealth techniques, allowing them to move seamlessly and unobtrusively within the environment. This approach also promotes improved human-robot interaction, as the reduced visibility of the robots can alleviate concerns and foster a more natural and comfortable interaction between humans and robots. The paper sheds light on the current state of the field, discussing the motivations behind concealing robots in different settings and highlighting the challenges that need to be addressed. Furthermore, it presents insights into future directions, including the development of more advanced stealth technologies, ethical frameworks for integrating hidden robots, and the potential impact on urban planning and infrastructure. In conclusion, hiding robots in diverse environments offers a promising approach to enhancing robot navigation, interaction, and privacy. The research presented in this paper contributes to the understanding of this emerging field and provides a foundation for further exploration and development of hiding strategies for swarm robotics in various settings.

Theoretical and experimental investigation of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination solar system using the solar panel, battery, and water turbine for high-pressure recovery of output brine

Drinking water shortage is one of the most critical risks threatening current communities. The number of freshwater resources is decreasing due to industrialization and population growth in addition to unprecedented consumption. Brine desalination processes are the solution that helps to overcome this crisis. Among desalination techniques, reverse osmosis (RO) is the leading technique in this field. In this study, we investigate a desalination system, a photovoltaic/water turbine (PV/WT) panel based on the RO technique to provide the water required for several rural families living in Ilam at a small scale. This paper examines the exergy and economic analysis to measure the lifetime of equipment by using ESS Software. Results show that the lifetime of equipment equals 350, 73, 183, and 360$ for PV, WT, battery (B), and RO, respectively. On the other hand, the output rate of the PV panel and RO purification machine equals 12% and 35%, respectively. Also, three hybrid arrangements are examined: PV + RO, PV + B + RO, and PV + WT + B + RO, and the most efficient arrangement is introduced in which, the maximum water desalination volume is 150L per day, and the TDS rate of output water is decreased up to 120 ppm, and the produced drinking water throughout the project equals 25 m3. Moreover, solar and WT panels generate 120 and 20 kw/h of electricity over the project time, respectively.

Trust in Risk Sharing: A Double-Edged Sword

Abstract We analyse efficient risk-sharing arrangements when the value from deviating is determined endogenously by another risk-sharing arrangement. Coalitions form to insure against idiosyncratic income risk. Self-enforcing contracts for both the original coalition and any coalition formed (joined) after deviations rely on a belief in future cooperation which we term “trust”. We treat the contracting conditions of original and deviation coalitions symmetrically and show that higher trust tightens incentive constraints since it facilitates the formation of deviating coalitions. As a consequence, although trust facilitates the initial formation of coalitions, the extent of risk sharing in successfully formed coalitions is declining in the extent of trust and efficient allocations might feature resource burning or utility burning: trust is indeed a double-edged sword.

Sustainable Developments in Least Developed Countries: Are Public-Private Partnerships the Most Efficient Financial Arrangement to Spur Sustainable Developments in Least Developed Countries?

Sustainable Developments in Least Developed Countries: Are Public-Private Partnerships the Most Efficient Financial Arrangement to Spur Sustainable Developments in Least Developed Countries?

SIMULATION OF PUBLIC ROADSIDE PARKING TARIFFS AS AN EFFORT TO ELEVATE REGIONAL RETRIBUTION

In the Ponorogo Regency RPJMD (Local government medium-term development plan) 2016-2021, the vision and policy direction taken by the local government is to increase people's welfare based on religious and cultural values. Regarding regional taxes and regional retribution (PDRD), regional autonomy can be implemented accurately, broadly, responsibly, and independently for government financing, and regional development can be adequately realized through local own-source revenue (PAD). On local own-source revenue, one of the sources of retribution is the public roadside parking tariff. In this case, Ponorogo Regency has a long road, which requires an effective and efficient parking arrangement. This study, therefore, aims to simulate and analyze parking retribution in Ponorogo Regency. The research method used descriptive quantitative and was carried out in several parking zones in Ponorogo Regency. The simulation employed a comparison between fixed, progressive, incidental, and a combination of the three. The simulation results uncovered that weekday retribution includes a fixed tariff at 21.38%, the combined tariff at 32.08%, and the incidental tariff at 46.52% of the total retribution revenues. On weekdays, there was a potential difference between fixed and combined tariffs of 10.69%, and the difference in potential retribution between combined and incidental tariffs was 14.44%. In addition, the parking tariff retribution during incidental activities revealed a fixed tariff of 21.43%, a combined tariff of 32.14%, and an incidental tariff of 46.41% of the total retribution revenues for incidental activities. The difference in potential retribution during incidental activities between fixed and combined tariffs was 10.71% and between combined and incidental tariffs was 14.27%.

What Drives Cryptocurrency Acceptance? Evidence from Pakistan

In this study, the proposed model of acceptance factors of cryptocurrencies was analyzed to recognize user behavioral intention by using; web quality, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, e-WOM, and perceived ease of use with the mediating role of the trust factor. An efficient and effective better arrangement of understanding this unique virtual delusion of the use of cryptocurrencies has become an essential part of the virtual world for each stakeholder. So many deliberations on the regulatory frameworks of cryptocurrencies have taken place among government regulators, financial advisors, tax consultants, politicians, thinkers, economists, and lawmakers, but there is inconclusive evidence on legislation in Pakistan.

Image Analysis of Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Rural Areas Based on GIS Statistical Analysis

In rural geographic studies, the topic of multi-functions of rural regions has been gaining growing interest. Geographic areas with a complicated arrangement of activities of society and nature and the regional landscape noticeably articulate spatial differentiations. The image analysis and classification study of the spatial differentiation characteristics and patterns of rural regions are the basis of efficient governance and arrangements of village space, which play leading roles in rural revitalization and new-type urbanization policy. With rapid urban–rural transformation, rural development faces challenges under the progressive drive of accurate urban–rural integration development. Therefore, this paper proposes a spatial differentiation model based on a sociophysical information system and geographic information system, which is used to study rural development planning and land classification. The data are taken from the dataset of ucsd for analyzing the rural geographical data. The gis is a computer-aided system for analyzing, acquiring, displaying, and storing rural geographic information. This article discusses several noteworthy features of rural settlement distribution using a gis-based information processing approach and image analysis.

Mengkoordinir Ragam Format Acara Dakwah

This research was structured to find out about Coordinating the Formats of Da'wah Events, the results of this research are organizing, controlling, supervising the effective and efficient arrangement of da'wah programs, so that in carrying out a da'wah program it can be well controlled and acceptable to mad'u. As we know, at this point, many people are not interested in a da'wah program due to the lack of ways to coordinate various formats of da'wah events so that mad'u are not interested in the da'wah program. In coordinating the various formats of da'wah events, of course, they have their own goals, therefore we must understand their goals and functions.
 Keywords: coordinating, formatting, preaching

Proverbial Expressions in Contextual Definition of Káà and its Postproverbial Imagination

Káà is an architectural term widely used by the Yoruba to describe designative points in a radius of curvature for a building complex agbo-ilé. The general idea of this time-honored complex has based on combining apartments into a congruous unit to give central area/courtyard aya-ilé, strewn with sand for open-air entertainments, contests, spectacles and judicatory. As significant as this architectural term and design is to Yoruba social history, discourse that surrounds the conception vis-à-vis the proverbial and post proverbial expressions in terms of usages have not been studied to give in detail, the set of facts and circumstances that prompts their context of use. Structures and styles of diverse Yorùbá historical architectures with their constituent parts demand contextual examination in order to make clear definitions of each section in the complex and explicate its signification to the value system. An in-depth study of Yorùbá architectural designs will provide sectional scrutiny of each spatial location in their building complexes and unveil the social group’s time-honored customs. The paper, therefore, studies spatial attributes, styles, and designative units in diverse Yorùbá architectural structures for historical values and denotations of customary beliefs and practices. In-depth interviews and historical review methodologies were used for age-long structures of this style; pictures were taken for value orientation discussions and detailed analysis of each unit to ethical codes. Findings revealed the methodical and efficient sectional arrangement of the structures and affirmed that moral principles and cultural values are preserved in this social unit. However, the architectural styles have been a virile preservation of Yorùbá cultural heritage as a gregarious ethnic group who avoids solitude.

Weak states and the commons: Fisheries and economic development in the Gaspé Peninsula circa 1830

The inefficiencies of common property fisheries are well-known to economists. To avoid over-exploitation, they propose multiple forms of government solution such as taxes, quotas and the enforcement of property rights regimes designed to avoid over-harvesting. But can efficient arrangements also exist under statelessness, or in the presence of weak states? One such example is the Gaspé Peninsula (in the Canadian province of Quebec) during the first half of the nineteenth century. There, a single firm (the Charles Robin Company) came to dominate the market and was able to restrict entry effectively. In this paper, we explain that it was able to do so by reducing the prices on imported goods that it would give to local fishermen in exchange for a part of their catch. This had the effect of deterring fishermen from contracting with other merchants as well as deterring other merchants from entering the market. It also made the region richer than most regions of Canada at the time, contrary to what historians have depicted. We take this as an example of the ability to deal with commons problems in the presence of weak states.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ КАСКАДНОЇ СХЕМИ ВИСОКОШВИДКІСНОЇ ЕКСТРУЗІЇ

Plastics are one of the most common materials. Due to its high technical and economical characteristics, this class of materials is used in almost all industries, that is why further growth of the production of plastic products is predicted. Today, the biggest problem in the field of polymer processing by extrusion is to ensure the best possible parameters of resource-energy efficiency of equipment. At the same time, the creating of compounds based on polymers is developing very actively, which requires more flexibility from extrusion lines, since a large number of compositions which differ in their characteristics can be developed on the base of a polymer. The factors listed above have led to cascade extrusion lines become increasingly wide-spread in industry today. Analysis of the extrusion equipment market showed that the schemes with a high-speed double-string extruder at the first stage is more popular. However, the desired mixing quality can be achieved by using a much simpler disc extruder. The article is a review that aims to determine the possibility and feasibility of more efficient arrangement of a cascade scheme for processing composite materials using a disk extruder. Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that melting processes are more efficient in the field of high shear rates at low pressures. Disk extruder is great option for that objective. In this scheme, it is proposed to use a dose feed disk extruder as a homogenizer, and a gear pump as a metering device which allows to reduce pressure and capacity fluctuations before forming device to less than 1%. As a result, it has been determined that the proposed design of the extrusion plant will be more energy efficient than the options on the market and will be able to significantly reduce pressure and performance fluctuations at the inlet to the forming device.

In-Vehicle Loading Optimization System for the Cargo Industry

In the intense operation in the cargo sector, by using the vehicles carrying cargo between transits more optimally, it is essential to minimize the unused idle areas inside the vehicles, to set off the vehicles in the cargo transfer centers with a correct and efficient arrangement, faster, and to increase the service quality by carrying more cargo.
 For this purpose, the problem of in-vehicle loading optimization is studied within the scope of this research. Again, within the scope of this research, in-vehicle loading optimization for the cargo sector is carried out; by calculating the dimensions of the packages to be placed in the vehicle, An optimization methodology is proposed, which can ensure that the cargo packages reach the maximum number and the interior volume is minimal. 
 A prototype implementation of the proposed methodology has been developed. The developed prototype application will enable cargo loading planning and in-vehicle optimization of vehicles operated for companies in the cargo sector. The prototype application's success was tested on a sample vehicle loading dataset, and successful results were obtained.

Numerical Investigation on a Diffuser-Augmented Horizontal Axis Tidal Stream Turbine with the Entropy Production Theory

An implication of a turbine current is the development of a wake, a reduced speed flow, thus affecting the performance of an adjoined turbine. The aim of this study is to examine the turbine wake properties to offer a basic framework for the exploration of efficient turbine arrangements through the OpenFOAM source package and the entropy production theory. The results indicate that the diffuser inlet produces the largest entropy rate; however, this dissipates quickly after the rotor plane. In terms of vorticity, the Q and λ2-criterion results are sensitive to the isosurface thresholds. In general, the Ω-Rortex method proves a convenient and accurate solution for vortex visualization and identification. For the overall mean wake structure, the velocity profile follows a tadpole-shape, whilst the velocity deficits above 100% are observed around the nacelle and throat (diffuser) and behind the tower. The concentration of maximum turbulent intensities appears behind the throat of the diffuser and at the top and bottom of the tower. Owing to the swirling effect after rotor, we proposed recommended values of b0 = 10−5 for the hydrodynamic investigation of tidal stream turbines. The present findings extend our knowledge on the flow disruption due to shrouded turbines and are particularly relevant for farm project advisors.