Efficiency Ratio Research Articles

Screening Tomato Genotypes for B–Recovery and Acquisition Potential in Calcareous Soils

ABSTRACT Screening a suitable genotype is important for nutrient recovery and its acquisition potential. Twenty genotypes of tomato were studied under different doses of B-application. The indices of B use efficiencies, viz. apparent B recovery (ABR), fruit production efficiency (FPE), physiological efficiency (PE), agro-physiological efficiency (APE) and utilization efficiency ratio (UER) were worked out for tomato genotypes. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design for the two consecutive years, assigning three B levels (control i.e. without B application, @ 2.0 kg B ha−1 through borax and 0.25% boric acid foliar spray twice) in main plot and location-specific twenty tomato genotypes in subplots, replicated thrice. Soil applied B produced greater fruit yield than the twice foliar spray of 0.25% boric acid B. However, the tomato fruit yield was improved by 2–12% over control by soil applied B @ 2.0 kg B ha−1 through borax and twice foliar spray of B. Irrespective of genotypes, B content in fruit and shoot of tomato plant improved upon application of B. The apparent B recovery (ABR) and agronomic efficiency (AE) of B suggested that foliar application was more effective in comparison to soil application. The use efficiencies were highest in the cultivars NS–812 followed by NS–512 and B–9–2 in B-deficient calcareous soils with the application of 0.25% boric acid foliar spray twice. These genotypes could be a promising lines for breeding program for B enrichment in tomato for cultivation in B-deficient soils.

Improving sustainability: Exergy, energy analysis and CO2 mitigation of greenhouse integrated with thin-film photovoltaic and earth-to-air heat exchanger

Adopting passive cooling systems has become especially vital due to the high energy consumption and adverse impacts of conventional air conditioning systems on the environment. Sustainable green energy structure development includes a periodic thermal model of a greenhouse integrated with thin-film photovoltaics (GiTPV) and the earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE). The system can provide plants in the greenhouse with air from extreme weather conditions: 5 °C in the winter and 45 °C in the summer, corresponding to thermal comfort standards in structures. According to the results, at 0.5 kg/s air mass flow rates of EAHE, the air temperature in the greenhouse room rises by 5 °C in the winter and falls by 17 °C in the summer. The greenhouse can save 9864 kWh/year before and 41,587 kWh/year after integrating EAHE. The seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) for EAHE varies between 1 and 3. The yearly carbon credit of a greenhouse is expected to be 3166 US dollars, and EAHE reduces CO2 emissions by around 65.68 tons per year. Finally, the Quonset GiTPV system generates 29.22 kWh and 17.6 kWh of electrical energy per day on extremely hot and cold days respectively, making the system self-sustainable.

Interpreting the edge angle efficiency of middle palaeolithic lithic assemblage with Artifact-3D – A case study Barwaniya W1, North Karanpura Valley, Eastern India

The lithic technology is directly linked with knapping skills, cognition, and economic production of a particular culture. The central objective of lithic production was to obtain desirable edge angles and sharpness for cutting/ butchering work in an efficient manner to achieve the highest utility/ efficiency and low production ratio. The angle of an edge, whether unaltered or retouched and as part of the overall tool design, is undoubtedly a parameter that influences the behavioural dimension of a lithic artefact. Thus, lithics artefacts' work efficiency or knapping efficiency depends on their working (cutting) edge angle, length of the parallel edge, centre of gravity, length of lithic, and lesser rate of edge angle damage. The present research has analysed the working edge angle of the Middle Palaeolithic Levallois assemblage from the newly discovered site of Barwaniya W1 from the North Karanpura Valley (North of Upper Damodar Basin), Jharkhand, India with the help of semi-automated 3D edge angle analysis technique. the current study scrutinises the entirety of an artefact's edge angle through automated positioning based on surface tension and a higher number of reference measurement points on the 3D scan surface of the artefact. This research has digitally measured the Middle Palaeolithic quartzite flake-based assemblage from Barwaniya W1 and their working edge angle, parallel edge (thick blunt side used for hafting), and centre of gravity with Artefact-3D software which has provided us with precise measurement without human errors and ambiguity. Further, this research has replicated the quartzite lithic assemblage of Barwaniya W1 with the Levallois reduction technique to interpret the edge angle efficiency.

Tracking the Trail of Regional Financial Performance: Economic Growth as a Bridge towards Poverty Reduction

This study aims to see and determine the indirect influence of regional government financial performance on poverty through economic growth in Indonesia. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression and Sobel test using secondary data from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2014-2021. The findings of this study indicate that regional financial performance as proxied by the effectiveness ratio and efficiency ratio on poverty directly has an influence, but indirectly where economic growth which is an intermediary to see the influence of regional financial performance on poverty shows no influence, this shows that economic growth cannot mediate the influence of regional financial performance on poverty.

Effects of high-protein feeds on growth, free amino acid metabolism and protein metabolism-related genes in larvae and juveniles of rice flower carp (Procypris merus)

The effect of dietary protein on fish is widely studied. However, the high-protein diet effects and mechanisms on growth and amino acid metabolism in Procypris merus remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary protein levels (38 %, 44 %, 50 %) on the growth performance and amino acid contents in larvae and juveniles of P. merus. Transcriptome sequencing was used to study the adaptation mechanism of P. merus to a high-protein diet. The final length, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were remarkably decreased with increasing dietary protein levels, while the amino acid content of the body was significantly increased. In addition, 370,513,858 reads were obtained and assembled into 278,939 unigenes, with an average length of 559 bp. KEGG analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pancreatic secretion. Moreover, high-protein increased the expression of genes involved in trypsin (prss, ctrl, cpa, cpb), peptide transporter (pept), amino acid transporter (b0at1), and gluconeogenesis (g6pase), which could digest and absorb the dietary protein, and converse amino acids into energy, resulting in adaption to a high-protein diet.

Fermented Quinoa and Canihua in Plant‐Based Diets Increase Iron and Zinc Bioavailability in Growing Rats

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at evaluating the effects of non‐fermented and fermented pseudocereal flours, quinoa and canihua, on iron and zinc bioavailability in Wistar rats. Two diets prepared with 92% fermented quinoa or 79.5% fermented canihua were compared with diets prepared with the same amount of non‐fermented pseudocereals. Other two quinoa diets were prepared with 60% non‐fermented or fermented quinoa and compared with a refence diet which was free of phytates. Body weight, feed efficiency ratio, and the absorption, retention and bioavailability of iron and zinc were evaluated. While body weight and feed efficiency ratio were higher (p < 0.05) in animals after non‐fermented diets, the results of mineral absorption and bioavailability were consistently higher in the diets containing fermented pseudocereals. Iron concentration in the livers of animals after the fermented quinoa (92%) and canihua diet (79.5%), were 34% and 30% higher than after the diets with non‐fermented pseudocereals. Zinc bioavailability, indicated by zinc in femur of animals fed the 60% fermented quinoa diet was 53.2 μg g−1 ZnInt g−1 BW, comparable to that in animals fed a reference diet with no phytates (58.2 μg g−1 ZnInt g−1 BW), and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in animals fed the non‐fermented quinoa diet (34.5 μg g−1 ZnInt g−1 BW). Zinc bioavailability was mainly influenced by phytate content in the diet (R2 = 0.665 and p = 0.000). The retention of iron in the liver (2220 μg g−1 FeInt g−1 BW) was higher in the diet containing 60% of fermented quinoa than in the non‐fermented diet (1429 μg g−1 ZnInt g−1 BW). Differences in iron absorption were mainly impacted by iron content in the diets (R2 = 0.828 and p = 0.000). In conclusion, the addition of fermented pseudocereals to diets increased the bioavailability of iron and zinc in Wistar rats. These findings will encourage further research into fermented pseudocereals and their potential health effects.

Jerusalem Artichoke: Nitrogen Fertilization Strategy and Energy Balance in the Production Technology of Aerial Biomass

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a plant with considerable potential for energy generation due to its rapid growth, high biomass yield, and resistance to environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the nitrogen fertilization strategy on the yield and energy balance in the production technology of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) in a perennial cropping system. The article presents the results of a three-year experiment which was conducted in Poland to determine the effect of different N rates (0, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha−1) supplied with mineral fertilizers and liquid digestate on the energy balance in the production of JA aerial biomass. The experiment had a randomized block design with three replications. The demand for energy in JA cultivation reached 16.2–26.3 (year 1) and 2.9–14.6 GJ ha−1 (years 2 and 3). Energy inputs in the cultivation technology were reduced by 17–19% (year 1) and 35–47% (years 2 and 3) when mineral fertilizers were replaced with digestate. Jerusalem artichoke yields were lowest in the technology without fertilization (12.5 Mg ha−1 DM). Dry matter yield increased significantly (by 43–55%) after the application of 75 kg N ha−1, regardless of fertilizer type. The energy output of biomass peaked (230.1 GJ ha−1) in response to a mineral fertilizer rate of 75 kg N ha−1. In turn, the highest energy gain (218.5 GJ ha−1) was noted after the application of digestate at a rate equivalent to 75 kg N ha–1. The energy efficiency ratio was highest in the technology without fertilization (20.1) and after the application of digestate at a rate equivalent to 75 kg N ha−1 (19.7). Regardless of the factors that limit agricultural production, the energy balance of JA biomass production was most favorable when JA was fertilized with digestate at a rate equivalent to 75 kg N ha−1. The results of this study may pave the way for future research on novel agronomic strategies for sustainable bioenergy production, including nutrient recycling.

THE IMPACT OF GREEN FINANCE ON BANKING PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA

Green Finance refers to financial practices that can be described through financial services and products that take environmental sustainability to support sustainable development. The role of green finance is to connect financial goals with the environment to encourage inclusive economic growth. One form of green finance implementation is in financial institutions, especially banking. This study aims to analyze the impact of green finance implementation in the banking sector on banking performance as proxied by the profitability ratio in the 2018-2022 period. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) dynamic panel is used. The Green Daily Operation (GDO) and Green Finance Policy (GFP) variables indicate the implementation of green finance in banking. Other independent variables use banking performance ratios consisting of the capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans, and the bank's operational efficiency ratio. The study results show that green finance represented by implementing GFP can increase profitability, while GDO does not significantly affect banks' profitability in Indonesia. Furthermore, the internal banking ratio that is not significant to profitability is the capital adequacy ratio, while increasing non-performing loans and operational efficiency ratio significantly negatively impacts bank performance because it reduces profitability. This research supports applying the green concept in the banking sector to improve sustainable bank performance.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Serum Immune and Antioxidant Parameters, and Intestinal Morphology in Black Sea Bream.

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the impact of dietary supplementation with glycerol monolaurate (GML) on juvenile black sea bream. A basal diet was formulated containing 24% fish meal, while five additional diets were prepared, each supplemented with varying levels of GML: GML1 (0.01%), GML2 (0.02%), GML3 (0.04%), GML4 (0.08%), and GML5 (0.16%). Triplicate tanks were randomly allocated to each diet, each containing 20 fish with an initial weight of 1.55 ± 0.05 g. By the trial's end, the GML3 group displayed a notably higher final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), but the FCR was significantly higher in the control group. However, no significant differences were observed in the MFI, PPV, CF, HSI, IPF, VSI, or SR among the groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the proximate compositions of the dorsal muscle and whole body, no substantial differences were observed across the groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant variations in digestive enzyme activity (p > 0.05), serum immune, or biochemical parameters in the midgut and hindgut among the treatment groups. But in the serum immune response IgM, C3 and C4 were significantly higher in the GML3 group as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). However, the GML3 group exhibited significantly greater fore-intestinal villus height, crypt depth, villus height per crypt depth, and the number of goblet cells per villus compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Overall, GML supplementation, particularly GML3, significantly improved growth indicators like the final body weight and intestinal morphology. While certain parameters remained unaffected, these findings suggest GML's potential as a beneficial dietary supplement in fish diets.

Inland saline culture of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles: effect of graded levels of lipid on growth and haemato-biochemical responses.

60-days trial was performed to study the effect of inland saline water (ISW) at 10ppt salinity on lipid requirement of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) juveniles. Six purified iso-nitrogenous (37% crude protein) and hetero-caloric (380-430 Kcal DE/100g) diets having graded levels of dietary lipid viz., 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14% were prepared. Two hundred and seventy acclimated GIFT juveniles (1.90 ± 0.1g) were randomly distributed (15 fish per 300L tank) into six different treatments viz., T4, T6, T8, T10, T12 and T14 in triplicates. The increase in dietary lipid resulted in an increase in body lipid and a diminution in moisture levels in fish. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in weight gain (g), percent weight gain (WG%), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) with increasing dietary lipid level up to 8% and decreased thereafter, but an opposite trend was noted in the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The serum glucose level linearly elevated with the rise in dietary lipid level, but higher lipid (beyond 8%) fed groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) more total protein in serum. Though there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in cholesterol levels, no clear trend was observed; while other parameters viz., body indices (VSI and HSI), serum albumin, globulin and A-G ratio was not showed any significant (p > 0.05) variation with varying dietary lipid level. Based on regression models, it was observed that the optimum lipid level required for GIFT in ISW (10ppt) is in the range of 8.35-9.05%.

Examining the Role of Local Government’s Financial Performance and Capital Expenditure in Increasing Economic Growth in Banten Province, Indonesia (2018–2022)

This study aims to analyse how financial ratios such as the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, fiscal decentralisation ratio, dependency ratio, and compatibility ratio affect economic growth, directly or indirectly, through capital expenditure as a mediating factor. This research used a quantitative approach; purposive sampling was conducted, and path analysis was applied to explore the relationships between variables. The results show that self-reliance, effectiveness, efficiency, fiscal decentralisation, dependency, and capital expenditure significantly affect economic growth. The independence and effectiveness ratios have a positive impact, indicating that improvements in these variables directly foster economic growth. However, the efficiency and fiscal decentralisation ratios have a negative effect, suggesting that increases in these variables may reduce economic growth. Indirectly, through capital expenditure, the independence, effectiveness, dependency, and compatibility ratios significantly affect economic growth, with the independence ratio being the most dominant. Conversely, the fiscal decentralisation and efficiency ratios did not show significant indirect effects, indicating that capital expenditure is not an effective mediator for these variables. These findings provide insights into how local financial management strategies can influence regional development, offering key policy recommendations for Banten’s local government.

Dietary effect of turmeric and ginger powder supplementation on growth performance of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of ginger and turmeric supplementation on the growth performance of Common carp fingerlings. A total of 270 fingerlings were divided into 6 groups including control (C). The group C was fed with basal feed and the treatment groups T5, T5B5, G2, G5, G8 were fed with turmeric powder @0.5%, turmeric @0.5% + black pepper powder @0.5 %, ginger powder @2%, 5% and 8%, respectively. The growth parameters, i.e Gain in weight, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Relative Growth Ratio (RGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) were recorded for 60 days. Measurements were taken for gain in total length (TL) and body depth (BD) after 60 days of trial. Turmeric powder supplementation @0.5% showed significantly better growth performance in Common carp fingerlings. The fingerlings of T5 group showed highest gain in weight (48.7), SGR (1.35), RGR (126), FER (48.17), PER (1.24) and improved FCR (2.23). This group also gained significantly higher TL (3.74) and BD (1.42). There was no significant difference observed in survival per cent, moisture and acid insoluble ash content of fish muscle. T5 showed the highest crude protein concentration (78.29) and significantly highest total fat concentration (11.59). Fish muscles of all the treatments had significantly higher total mineral content as compared to that of the control group.

An Evaluation of Assets Quality of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks in India

The banks performance within a nation needs to be thoroughly assessed, as it plays a crucial role in influencing the country's economic health. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the asset quality of sample Indian public and private sector banks over a ten-year period, from the year 2013-14 to 2023. Banks were chosen based on their market capitalization and net profit, including major public sector banks such as SBI, BOB, and PNB, alongside leading private sector banks like HDFC, ICICI, and KOTAK Bank. The financial performance analysis employs the CAMEL rating model, focusing on the acronym "E." The CAMEL model parameters include Capital Adequacy Ratios (C), Asset Quality Ratios (A), Management Efficiency Ratios (M), Earnings Quality Ratios (E), and Liquidity Ratios (L). The results are analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data for this study were gathered from bank websites, and the CAMEL Model Asset Quality Ratios were applied after processing and organizing this information. Hypothesis testing involved calculations using simple averages and One-way ANOVA. The analysis of the data indicated that private banks excelled in all the ratios of the Asset Quality Parameter than the public banks. Hypothesis testing showed that there is no significant difference between the performance of public and private sector banks when it comes to the asset quality parameter.

Installation of Public Access Defibrillators for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: Identifying Suitable Locations by Using a Geographic Information System.

Survival following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest depends on prompt defibrillation. Despite the efforts made to install automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in crowded areas, their usage rate remains suboptimal. This study evaluated the efficiency of installing AEDs at key landmarks in Taoyuan City to enhance accessibility and usage. This retrospective cohort study analyzed nontraumatic public out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases in Taoyuan City from 2017 to 2021, using data from the Taoyuan Fire Department and a regional registry. AED data were collected for 1163 devices. A geographic information system mapped target locations within the city, and real-world walking routes were examined to assess coverage. The primary outcome was actual coverage and the coverage efficiency ratio, calculated as the actual coverage divided by the number of facilities at a location. The coverage efficiency ratio compared the coverage efficiency of target locations with existing public access defibrillators (PADs). Top locations for superior coverage in both downtown and outside downtown areas were bus stops and convenience stores (7-Eleven and FamilyMart), which outperformed existing PADs. Convenience stores had a higher coverage efficiency ratio than the public service sector. Bus stops showed high AED usage rates before ambulance arrival. The current PAD locations in Taoyuan City offer limited coverage, which highlights the need for strategically installed AEDs, particularly in convenience stores. Policymakers should consider using the cultural relevance and accessibility of convenience stores, particularly 7-Eleven branches, to enhance AED usage rates.

Deciphering the impact of stickwater hydrolysate on growth performance, immune response, and IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fingerlings.

A feeding trial lasting 56days was carried out to assess how the inclusion of stickwater hydrolysate (SWH) in the diet of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fingerlings affected their growth performance, immunity, digestive enzyme activity, and gene expression linked to the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Siberian sturgeon fingerlings were acclimatized and fed isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets with varying SWH concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%). Growth parameters, serum proteins, immunological and digestive enzyme activities, and gene expression levels were assessed post-trial. Results demonstrated that 0.5%, and 1.5% SWH treatments significantly improved weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. Notably, these diets also elevated serum protein and plasma globulin levels, reduced albumin-to-globulin ratios, and enhanced lysozyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M levels, indicating an immunostimulatory effect. Digestive enzyme activities were markedly increased in the SWH groups, particularly at 1.5%. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulation of mtorc1, s6K, akt, pi3k, and igf1, with concurrent downregulation of 4e-bp1 in the muscle of fish, signifying activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is central to protein synthesis and muscle growth. In conclusion, SWH at appropriate levels significantly enhances growth, digestive efficiency, and immune function in Siberian sturgeon fingerlings, while also activating key metabolic pathways.

The Effect of Phytase Enzyme in Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency, and Survival Rate of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Fingerlings

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytase enzyme supplementation on the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and survival rate of milkfish fingerlings. The experimental fish used in this study were milkfish fingerlings with an average weight of 2.89±0.46 g per fish. The feed used in this research was a formulated pellet feed containing 30% protein, with added phytase enzyme. The treatments consisted of different phytase enzyme doses, namely A (0 mg/kg feed), B (250 mg/kg feed), C (500 mg/kg feed), and D (750 mg/kg feed). The results showed that different doses of phytase enzyme in the feed significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) growth performance and feed utilization efficiency but did not significantly affect (P&gt;0.05) the survival rate of milkfish fingerlings. The optimal dose of phytase enzyme for improving growth performance and feed utilization efficiency in milkfish fingerlings was between 502-665 mg/kg feed, resulting in a maximum total feed consumption (TFC) of 140.43 g, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of 1.18, feed efficiency (FE) of 78.16%, protein efficiency ratio (PER) of 2.6, and relative growth rate (RGR) of 4.43%.

Determinant state earnings qualities better than Private Pharmaceutical Companies

Purpose: Comparative Earning Quality of State and privately pharmaceutical companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2019-2023 period with liquidity, profitability, solvency and efficiency ratio. Methodology/approach: After collecting the necessary data, appropriate financial ratios and descriptive statistical techniques are used to analyze, interpret and provide a brief overview of the data collected. the comparison involves two state-owned and two privately-owned pharmaceutical discretionary accruals and earnings persistence for earnings quality, and net profit margin, current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and total asset turnover for financial performance measurements. Findings: net profit margin, current ratio, debt to equity ratio, dan total asset turnover have significant differences in the variables private are superior to those of state pharmaceutical companies. This recommends the importance of improving earnings quality of State pharmaceutical companies Practical implications: these companies should refrain from earnings manipulation to foster strong and high-quality financial performance, particularly within Indonesia's pharmaceutical sector. Originality/value: This comparison aims to contribute to financial management research by providing insights into the performance of different types of pharmaceutical companies based on earnings quality and financial statement ratios, thus offering academic contributions to the field.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Gorontalo Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi COVID-19 Periode 2017-2022

This study aims to analyze and test the performance of Local Government financial Gorontalo Regency before and when Covid-19 Pandemic. The kind of research this is descriptive quantitative methods with the approach. The population of the research is Local Government financial report Gorontalo Regency 2017-2022 period. Sampling techniques used in determining which is purposive sampling techniques sample that the sample of done deliberately by adjusting research objectives and certain criteria. The data used in this research is of secondary data on the report of actual budget. The sample used is 24 quarterly report and on the report of actual budget 2017-2022 period. Data collection techniques used is documentation. Analysis of the data used analytics descriptive statistics and analysis inferential. The result showed that there is no difference in the analysis inferential performance the Local Government finance Gorontalo Regency before and when Pandemic Covid-19 reviewed from the regional financial independence, the ratio of the pad, the ratio of the financial efficiency, the ratio of the operating expenditure, and the ratio of capital expenditure. In the analysis descriptive, the performance of the Local Government finance Gorontalo Regency before and when Pandemic Covid-19 showing the ratio independence included in the same criterion pattern of relationships instructive, the ratio of the effectiveness of pad included in the same criterion of ineffective, the ratio of the efficiency of the same criterion of inefficient, the operation included in the proportion of spending in general, its capital expenditure included in the proportion in general.

Upgraded one-dimensional code for the design of a micro gas turbine mixed flow compressor stage with various crossover diffuser configurations

Abstract Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) designers often have the need for a design tool, capable of rapidly providing feasible design options. The upgrade of such an existing MATLAB® based mixed flow compressor design application (1D App) is discussed. In MGT engines, diffuser design largely influences the compressor stage performance. Crossover diffusers provide superior efficiency and pressure ratio performance compared to legacy type diffusers, albeit at the expense of operating range. The reduced operating range attributed to single vane crossover diffusers can be alleviated by splitter vane, tandem vane, and combined configurations. Therefore, the 1D App is updated to allow the user the ability to design these additional crossover diffuser configurations. Performance results are verified using Numeca/FINE™ Turbo CFD software. It is shown that the upgraded 1D App provides predicted performance results within 1 % of CFD results for both total-to-total efficiency and pressure ratio.

Evaluasi laporan keuangan untuk menilai kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah Simalungun

Based on the following metrics: (1) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, (2) Regional Financial Dependency Ratio, (3) Fiscal Decentralization Degree Ratio, (4) Original Income Effectiveness Ratio Regional, (5) Regional Original Income Efficiency Ratio, (6) Regional Tax Effectiveness Ratio, (7) Regional Tax Efficiency Ratio, and (8) BUMD Contribution Degree Ratio, this study attempts to analyze the financial performance of the Simalungun Regency Government in the 2013–2022 budget year. Data was gathered using a sampling technique. The results of the analysis show that the Simalungun Regency has a low Regional Financial Independence Ratio, and the region still depends on the central government. The Regional Financial Dependency Ratio is relatively low, and Simalungun still depends on external parties. Moreover, The Ratio of the Degree of Fiscal Decentralization is classified as low; The Ratio of the Effectiveness of regional owned-sources Income is classified as less effective; The Regional owned-sources Income Efficiency Ratio is very efficient; Tax Effectiveness Ratio is classified as quite effective; The Regional Tax Efficiency Ratio is classified as very efficient, and The Ratio of the Degree of Contribution of Regional Owned enterprise is classified as low.