Efficiency Of Thermal Power Generation Research Articles

Removal of Iron Oxide Scale from Feed-water in Thermal Power Plant by Using Magnetic Separation

One of the factors of deterioration in thermal power generation efficiency is adhesion of the scale to inner wall in feed-water system. Though thermal power plants have employed All Volatile Treatment (AVT) or Oxygen Treatment (OT) to prevent scale formation, these treatments cannot prevent it completely. In order to remove iron oxide scale, we proposed magnetic separation system using solenoidal superconducting magnet. Magnetic separation efficiency is influenced by component and morphology of scale which changes their property depending on the type of water treatment and temperature. In this study, we estimated component and morphology of iron oxide scale at each equipment in the feed-water system by analyzing simulated scale generated in the pressure vessel at 320 K to 550 K. Based on the results, we considered installation sites of the magnetic separation system.

Scenario analysis of CO2 emissions from China's electric power industry

To guide the adjustment of the electricity policies of the 13th Five-year Plan and the present market-oriented reforms, this paper performs a scenario analysis of the CO2 emissions from China's electric power industry. By using a logarithmic linear equation to explain the relationship between CO2 emissions and their influence factors, a hybrid model to forecast the “natural” development of the explanatory variables, and emission-relative data from 2001 to 2013 to estimate the equation parameters, five scenarios are designed, and the CO2 emissions of each scenario are forecasted for the period of 2016–2030. On the basis of the modeling results, the sensitivity and contribution of each variable are also measured. Empirical analysis draws the following conclusions. (1) The electric power industry of China cannot easily reach its CO2 emission peak before 2030. This will impose considerable pressure on the Chinese government to realize its emission mitigation target. (2) Compared with the non-fossil energy share in electricity generation, the CO2 emissions from China's electric power industry are more sensitive to the changes in total electricity consumption and thermal power generation efficiency. (3) The increase in total electricity consumption is the single most important contributor to CO2 emission growth from the electric power industry of China. (4) To mitigate future CO2 emissions from the electric power industry, the Chinese government should optimize the industrial export structure and enhance its awareness of the increase in household electricity consumption.

The effect of regulatory governance on efficiency of thermal power generation in India: A stochastic frontier analysis

This paper investigates the impact of institutional quality – typified as regulatory governance – on the performance of thermal power plants in India. The Indian power sector was reformed in the early 1990s. However, reforms are effective only as much as the regulators are committed in ensuring that they are implemented. We hypothesize that higher the quality of regulation in a federal Indian state, higher is the efficiency of electric generation utilities. A translog stochastic frontier model is estimated using index of state-level independent regulation as one of the determinants of inefficiency. The dataset comprises a panel of 77 coal-based thermal power plants during the reform period covering over 70% of installed electricity generation capacity. The mean technical efficiency of 76.7% indicates there is wide scope for efficiency improvement in the sector. Results are robust to various model specifications and show that state-level regulators have positively impacted plant performance. Technical efficiency is sensitive to both unbundling of state utilities, and regulatory experience. The policy implication is that further reforms which empower independent regulators will have far reaching impacts on power sector performance.

CO2 Emission Reduction Potential in China's Electricity Sector: Scenario Analysis Based on LMDI Decomposition

Abstract The CO2 emission reduction from China's electricity sector will matter not only for China but impact the result of the global action on climate change. This paper firstly analyzed the main factors that affect the CO2 emission in accordance with the LMDI decomposition model. Then three scenarios were assumed based on the main factors to explore the CO2 reduction potential. Furthermore, LMDI method was used again to measure the contribution of each factor to CO2 emission reduction potential in the future. The results showed that the CO2 emission will continue to grow in the three scenarios from 2010 to 2020, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%, 6.5% and 4.5%, respectively. The active low carbon policies taken on the driving factors will contribute to 2701Mt - 3688Mt CO2 emission reduction. The share of low-carbon power generation and thermal power generation efficiency are most important factors for emission reduction. However, in the long run, low-carbon power generation will contribute more. Terminal electricity consumption is always the most important factor driving CO2 emission up. Finally, policies for low-carbon development of China's electricity sector are proposed based on the analysis results.

The Effects of Coal Switching and Improvements in Electricity Production Efficiency and Consumption on CO2 Mitigation Goals in China

Although the average CO2 emission for a person in China is only about 1/4 that of a person in the US, the government of China still made a commitment to ensure that CO2 emissions will reach their peak in 2030 because of the ever-increasing pressure of global warming. In this work, we examined the effects of coal switching, efficiency improvements in thermal power generation and the electricity consumption of economic activities on realizing this goal. An improved STIRPAT model was developed to create the scenarios. In order to make the estimated elasticities more consistent with different variables selected to construct the formulation, a double-layer STIRPAT model was constructed, and by integrating the two equations obtained by regressing the series in each layer, we finally got the equation to describe the long-run relationship among CO2 emissions (Ic), the share of coal in overall energy consumption (FMC), coal intensity of thermal power generation (CIp) and electricity intensity of GDP (EIelec). The long term elasticities represented by the equation show that the growth of CO2 emissions in China is quite sensitive to FMC, CIp and EIelec. After that, five scenarios were developed in order to examine the effects of China’s possible different CO2 emission reduction policies, focusing on improving FMC, CIp and EIelec respectively. Through a rigorous analysis, we found that in order to realize the committed CO2 emissions mitigating goal, China should obviously accelerate the pace in switching from coal to low carbon fuels, coupled with a consistent improvement in electricity efficiency of economic activities and a slightly slower improvement in the coal efficiency of thermal power generation.

Economic Compensatory Method for Thermal Power Unit Joint Wind Power Accommodation Based on Objective Optimization

Providing peaking auxiliary for wind power will affect the thermal power generation efficiency and reduce generation economic benefit. To realize the coordinated scheduling optimization of thermal power and wind power, the key problem is the economic compensation of thermal power peaking. In this paper, through the analysis of the influence of wind power on thermal power generation performance and thermal power peak load regulation on abandon wind, an economic compensation model based on objective optimization is established. The example analysis shows that cooperation of thermal power and wind power can improve the wind power accommodation level and unit efficiency, and the economic compensation mechanism can guarantee thermal power unit economic benefit effectively.

中国电力行业CO2减排潜力及其贡献因素分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国电力行业CO2减排潜力及其贡献因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402170272 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所,中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所,中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所,中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所重大研究任务A类项目(Y20113);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA05140108);中国低碳发展宏观战略研究课题(201311) Factors contributing to CO2 emission reduction potential of the power sector in China Author: Affiliation: Institute of Policy and Management,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Policy and Management,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Policy and Management,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Policy and Management,Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:电力行业低碳转型是中国低碳经济转型进程中关键行业之一,如何科学分析电力行业的碳减排潜力,确定操作性强的低碳转型路线、提出有效的政策措施是中国政府亟待解决的焦点问题之一。考虑终端电力消费、低碳能源发电占比、火力发电结构、火力发电效率、线损率等因素,构建了自底向上的电力行业CO2排放核算模型,在此基础上,利用情景分析方法探索中国电力行业2015和2020年的CO2减排潜力,进一步利用对数平均权重分解法(LMDI, Logarithmic Mean weight Divisia Index method)对电力行业CO2减排影响因素的贡献度做了归因分析。结果显示,相比基准情景,在当前政策情景和低碳政策情景下,电力行业将分别带来27.0亿t和36.9亿t的CO2减排量。低碳能源发电和火力发电效率是未来对CO2减排最重要的两个贡献因素。终端电力消费量一直是促进电力行业CO2排放增长最重要的贡献因素,因此通过电力需求侧管理等手段控制电力消费量对电力行业的低碳发展至关重要。最后结合减排贡献因素分析的结果为中国电力行业低碳发展提出了相应的政策建议。 Abstract:Reducing carbon emissions from the power sector is of great importance for China in moving towards a low-carbon economy. Key issues include how to scientifically analyze potential for reductions, identifying a feasible transition strategy, and developing effective policies and measures to achieve goals. Many studies have explored future CO2 emissions from the power sector, but few have quantitatively analyzed factors associated with CO2 emission reduction potential, and research has thus failed to propose targeted policy solutions. This study was built on a CO2 emissions accounting model with a bottom-up approach. Factors that impact the CO2 emissions, i.e., terminal electricity consumption, low-carbon power production, thermal power efficiency, and line loss rate, were included in the model. The LMDI method was used to measure the weight of the contribution from each factor. Three scenarios, i.e. a Business As Usual (BAU) Scenario, a Current Policy (CP) Scenario, and a Low-carbon (LC) Policy Scenario, were developed to stimulate emission reductions by the sector during the period 2015-2020. The study results reveal that CO2 emissions from China's power sector will continue to grow under all three scenarios over the period of 2010 to 2020, with annual growth rates of 10.7% (BAU), 6.5% (CP) and 4.5% (LC). As the Current Policy Scenario was based on existing plans and policies for the power sector, we believe that it should be possible to achieve the 2701 Mt CO2 emission reduction forecast under CP. As the Low-carbon Policy Scenario requires more radical policies to be adopted in the power sector, we believe that the forecast 3688 Mt reduction by 2020 (down to only 4720 Mt) is likely to be the upper limit of CO2 emission reductions possible for the sector. By further studying all the factors that contribute to CO2 emission reduction potential, we found that the most influential factor driving the growth of CO2 emissions from the sector until 2020 is terminal electricity consumption. Low-carbon power generation will have growing importance in the period 2011-2020. For example, in the LC Policy Scenario, the contribution of low-carbon power generation to CO2 emission reductions reached 29.7%, exceeding that of thermal power generation efficiency and all other factors, Thermal power generation efficiency will play an important role throughout the evaluated period. However, because the progress of technology may curb gradually with the growth of power generation efficiency, the contribution of this factor will decrease. The contribution made by the thermal power structure will increase owing to the rapid development of gas-fired power generation in the future. Compared to other factors, the line loss rate is not a great contributor to the total CO2 emissions of the sector, but is still of significance that should not be ignored. Finally, policy recommendations are provided based on the results of the study to support government policy making for China's power sector. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Power of Hydroelectric Dams: Agglomeration Spillovers

How much of the geographic clustering of economic activity is attributable to agglomeration spillovers as opposed to natural advantages? I present evidence on this question using data on the long-run effects of large scale hydroelectric dams built in the U.S. over the 20th century, obtained through a unique comparison between counties with or without dams but with similar hydropower potential. Until mid-century, the availability of cheap local power from hydroelectric dams conveyed an important advantage that attracted industry and population. By the 1950s, however, these advantages were attenuated by improvements in the efficiency of thermal power generation and the advent of high tension transmission lines. Using a novel combination of synthetic control methods and event-study techniques, I show that, on average, dams built before 1950 had substantial short run effects on local population and employment growth, whereas those built after 1950 had no such effects. Moreover, the impact of pre-1950 dams persisted and continued to grow after the advantages of cheap local hydroelectricity were attenuated, suggesting the presence of important agglomeration spillovers. Over a 50 year horizon, I estimate that at least one half of the long run effect of pre-1950 dams is due to spillovers. The estimated short and long run effects are highly robust to alternative procedures for selecting synthetic controls, to controls for confounding factors such as proximity to transportation networks, and to alternative sample restrictions, such as dropping dams built by the Tennessee Valley Authority or removing control counties with environmental regulations. I also find small local agglomeration effects from smaller dam projects, and small spillovers to nearby locations from large dams.

Reducing CO2 emissions of Japanese thermal power companies: a directional output distance function approach

This article examines the thermal power generation efficiency of ten Japanese electric power companies and the shadow prices of carbon dioxide (CO2) by employing a directional output distance function (DODF) with panel data for 1990–2011. We find that the shadow price of CO2 varies greatly between US$1.49 and US$288.82, depending on the company’s production strategy concerning energy supply and CO2 emissions. These shadow prices give us clues to understand how the electric power companies may respond to environmental regulations, such as environmental tax and emission trading systems. According to the DODF, an additional 53571 GWh of electricity could have been generated in 2011 at the cost of an increase of 40105 thousand tonnes of CO2, if the companies would have operated efficiently giving little consideration to CO2 emissions reduction. These increases are equivalent to 8.77 and 9.18 % of total electricity and CO2 emissions, respectively, from the ten electric power companies in 2011. On the other hand, if the companies would have operated efficiently and given first priority to CO2 emissions reduction, a further 58002 thousand tonnes of CO2, equivalent to 13.28 % of their total CO2 emissions in 2011, could have been reduced as a whole.

Efforts to Improve Efficiency of Thermal Power Generation in the KEPCO

Efforts to Improve Efficiency of Thermal Power Generation in the KEPCO

Improving Efficiency of Thermal Power Generation in Japan

Improving Efficiency of Thermal Power Generation in Japan

Development of general-purpose software to analyze the steady state of power generation systems

It is important to improve the power generation efficiency of thermal power generation while promoting the location of nuclear power generation to reduce discharge of carbon dioxide from the power generation plants. Software, which effectively examines the performance of the power generation system of various configurations, can contribute to the development of a highly effective, excellent in environmental thermal power generation systems. For this purpose, authors developed a new method to calculate the steady state of power generation systems, such as heat and mass balance, efficiencies, etc. This method is very flexible in calculation condition setting. Then we developed a general-purpose software by which the steady state behavior of the power generation system is analyzed easily.

Supply- and demand-side effects of carbon tax in the Indonesian power sector: an integrated resource planning analysis

This study examines the implications of carbon tax for power sector development, demand-side management programs and environmental emissions in the case of Indonesia from a long-term integrated resource planning perspective. Introduction of carbon tax is found to result in improvements of system load factor, system reliability and overall efficiency of thermal power generation while the capacity utilization factor deteriorated. At low tax rates, CO 2 mitigation due to changes in electricity price is found to be higher than that due to technological substitution and fuel switching while the opposite was the case at medium and high tax rates. It is also found that tax revenue need not always increase with carbon tax.