Efficiency Of Scientific Research Research Articles

PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the development problems of the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) method in Ukraine. XPS is a modern method for studying the electronic structure of atoms. The XPS method is used at all stages of the synthesis and study of materials, the functional properties of which are determined by the state of the surface or interphase boundaries, charge states of atoms and the type of functional groups, and material degradation processes. The objects of study are catalysts, coatings, chemical sensors, sorbents, coordination and organometallic compounds (chemistry, materials science, phar­maceuticals), surface condition and composition (microelectronics), thin films (optics), alloys (aviation and space industry), nanopowders, nanofilms (nanotechnology). The method is relevant for the implementation of targeted synthesis of materials. In the world, the XPS method is widespread and integrated into innovative branches of science and technology, and XPS - instrumentation - is a high-tech business. In Ukraine, the method is practically not presented, there is no competition in this field of instrumentation. The article proposes the creation on the basis of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine a park of unitary, high-quality and affordable domestic XPS-spectrometers and the opening of a service center. The XPS method is necessary for most of the institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from the departments of chemistry, physics and astronomy, physical and technical problems of materials science, earth sciences and all specialized faculties of state universities. In general, for Ukraine, this is at least 50 spectrometers. The mechanism for the implementation of the project can be the formation of a state order for the development and manufacture of a batch of XPS spectrometers on the basis of imported and domestic components (50:50) and attracting business to the project. Creation of a network of Domestic XPS-spectrometers allows to obtain a sharp increase in the efficiency of scientific research in chemistry, physics, materials science and is one of the conditions for Ukraine’s transition to an innovative economy.

Scientific Management of Equipment in Medical Innovation Laboratory

Aim; To solve the problem of innovation laboratory instrument management and improve laboratory management level. Method; It is necessary to do an excellent job in managing innovative laboratory equipment by improving the equipment management system, functional division management, appointment registration, and strengthening the construction of management teams to guarantee the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities of undergraduates. Results; The number of innovative experimental projects approved and the number of project groups that the laboratory can accept at the same time was increased significantly. The utilization rate of laboratory equipment has increased, and the vacancy rate has decreased. Conclusion; Excellent instrument management can significantly improve the efficiency of scientific research in the innovation laboratory.

Potential for increasing the efficiency of design processes for mining the solid mineral deposits based on digitalization and advanced analytics

Purpose. The research purpose is to develop and adapt the existing scientific-methodological, as well as software and information base for managing the geotechnological complexes to implement the process approach at the level of design and operation of mining-and-transport complexes during opencast mining. The development is associated with the coverage of more and more relevant options for excavating-conveying, as well as excavating-automobile-conveying mining-and-transport systems used in quarries. Methods. The methodology for managing the geotechnological complexes involves an adequate step-by-step accounting and appropriate operational regulation of all the main factors in specific mining-engineering, mining-geometrical, mining-and-geological, economic and organizational conditions. The method of simulation logical-statistical modelling of mining-and-transport processes is used as the main method. Findings. The results indicate that simplified analytical approaches and inadequately considered factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of mining operations lead to significant errors (10-20% or more) that determine the real practical profitability of the mineral deposits development. Originality. Scientific novelty is an integrated approach to a single research object, which is a geotechnological complex, a unique simulation logical-statistical modelling of mining-and-transport processes, the economics of process management, as well as integrated and corporate process management. Practical implications. The obtained results of an integrated technical and technological audit of a project for mining the coal deposit, with sufficient accuracy for practical application, will ensure the methodological base development for the designing, planning and management of mining and mining-transport operations, as well as an increase in the efficiency of scientific and scientific-practical research in this direction when solving the practical tasks of mining sector.

About employment problems in the region

The paper outlines that the practice employment is interested in the highly skilled staff delivered by information technology education. Practice acts as the important criterion of quality check of preparation of technologies entrepreneur, checks the validity, value and an efficiency of scientific research on the basis of which formation is educated. Creation of conditions to protect interests of young specialists and to promote their employment on a labor market is of great importance for economic, demographic, social or political advancement in the region and on all country, just as for improvement of social and economic environment.

Research efficiency analysis of China's university faculty members: A modified meta-frontier DEA approach

Traditionally, data envelopment analysis (DEA) requires all decision-making units (DMUs) to have similar characteristics and experiences within the same external conditions. In many cases, this assumption fails to hold, and thus, difficulties will be encountered to some extent when measuring efficiency with a standard DEA model. Ideally, the performance of DMUs with different characteristics could be examined using the DEA meta-frontier framework. However, some of these DMUs are mixed-type DMUs that may affiliate with more than one group. Furthermore, the total number of observations of these mixed-type DMUs is limited. This is one of the common problems when studies focus on faculty research performance in higher education institutions. In general, a faculty member is affiliated with a certain department, and if the departmental assessment policy is not suitable for faculty members who are involved in interdisciplinary research, their performance could be underestimated. Therefore, the proposed model is an extension of the DEA meta-frontier framework that can assess the performance of mixed-type DMUs by constructing the reference set without the same type of DMUs. In this paper, the scientific research efficiency of faculty members at the Inner Mongolia University is used as an example to provide a better understanding of the proposed model. The proposed model is intended to provide a fair and balanced performance assessment method that reflects actual performance, especially for mixed-type DMUs.

Evolution of Urban Green Innovation Efficiency Under Environmental Regulations: A Case Study of Xi’an

This paper aims to develop a method to properly measure the urban green innovation efficiency under environmental regulation, analyze the evolution rules of this efficiency, and make rational policy suggestions. By exploring an indicator system which is suitable for the actual urban development, we divided the urban green innovation process into interrelated sub-processes that are based on an innovation chain, established a slacks-based network DEA model, evaluated the overall efficiency of the urban green innovation system and the efficiency of each stage, and studied the evolution of urban green innovation efficiency. Taking Xi’an City as an example, we analyzed the evolution of urban green innovation efficiency under environmental regulation, with the results showing that the process of urban green innovation can be divided into two stages: technological innovation and technological conversion. Xi’an was at the forefront of green innovation efficiency only in 2006, 2009 and 2017, while making inefficient allocation of scientific resources in all other years. The efficiency of scientific and technological research and development has become a major factor in restricting the green innovation efficiency under environmental regulation in Xi’an. Forging ahead in both technological conversion and scientific innovation efficiency should be the best path of green development and innovation. To achieve the continuous and stable improvement of green innovation efficiency, Xi’an should keep improving its green innovation policy to adapt to the increasing social productive forces, and pay attention to the balance between technological innovation and technological conversion.

Structure and Characteristic Analysis of Chinese Scientific Research Network Based on the SNA

The purpose of this study is to identify the current status and research trends of the efficiency assessment of scientific research and development in Chinese universities over the last 10 years through social network analysis(SNA). The data used in the analysis were extracted from 589 papers from CNKI academic archives in China and analyzed among them 190 papers directly related to the evaluation of scientific research and development efficiency. The analysis showed that the present state of science and technology research efficiency assessment in Chinese universities, identifying research trends, major factors on scientific research and development and major factors promoting exchanges of scientific research. This study can provide positive meaning to facilitate the development of scientific research and development in universities, enhance scientific research management and promote knowledge exchange. This study has limitations in comprehensively analyzing scientific research trends in the actual Chinese research environment. Subsequent studies need to compare trends in China and other countries.

Aerobic Metabolism Alterations as an Evidence of Underlying Deltamethrin Resistance Mechanisms in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834), the main vector of Chagas disease in Latin America, is regularly controlled by spraying the pyrethroid deltamethrin, to which some populations have developed resistance. The three main mechanisms of resistance are 1) metabolic resistance by overexpression or increased activity of detoxifying enzymes, 2) target site mutations, and 3) cuticle thickening/modification. We use open-flow respirometry to measure real-time H2O loss rate (V˙H2O) and CO2 production rate (V˙CO2), on nymphs from susceptible and resistant populations before and after exposure to the insecticide to understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance in live insects. Lack of differences in V˙H2O between populations suggested that cuticular thickness/composition is not acting as a relevant resistance mechanism. Similarly, there was no difference in resting V˙CO2, suggesting a trade-off between resistance mechanisms and other physiological processes. The increment in V˙CO2 after application of deltamethrin was similar in both populations, which suggested that while enhanced enzymatic detoxification may play a role in resistance expression in this population, the main mechanism involved should be a passive one such as target site mutations. Open-flow respirometry provided useful evidence for evaluating the mechanisms involved in deltamethrin resistance. Using this technique could improve efficiency of scientific research in the area of insecticide resistance management, leading to a faster decision making and hence improved control results.

Methodology of Activity and Scientific Research Efficiency Evaluation in Medical Organization: N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery Experience

Methodology of Activity and Scientific Research Efficiency Evaluation in Medical Organization: N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery Experience

Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of Regional Innovation Output System-Take Qingyuan, Guangdong as an Example

The construction of regional innovation system is an important direction for modern cities and regional economic development and industrial transformation. Based on the existing research results, this paper selects relevant data of Qingyuan from 2001 to 2017, and uses patent authorization, output value of high-tech products and total export value as the evaluation system of regional innovation output to build a regional innovation system model including five influencing factors such as research and development investment, economic structure, infrastructure, opening level and innovation policy. With the help of SPSS software, the conclusions are drawn through principal component analysis that the selected factors have significant positive effects on the innovation output of Qingyuan, and the infrastructure, economic structure and the level of opening to the outside world have the greatest impact, with a smaller impact coefficient on R&D investment. This shows that Qingyuan's ability to attract high-quality funds and advanced technologies needs to be strengthened, infrastructure construction needs to be further improved, and scientific research efficiency should be improved. In view of the above conclusions, this paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations. In the future, Qingyuan municipal government should speed up the infrastructure construction focusing on transportation and logistics, give appropriate research and development subsidies to local enterprises, improve the efficiency of local enterprises in introducing advanced science and technology from Guangzhou, and better grasp the integrated development mode of Guangzhou and Qingyuan.

A Nonradial Super Efficiency DEA Framework Using a MCDM to Measure the Research Efficiency of Disciplines at Chinese Universities

Evaluating the efficiency of scientific research plays an important role in accelerating technological innovation and optimizing the allocation of research resources. Most studies have focused on measuring research efficiency from a macro perspective, ignoring differences within disciplines. Furthermore, existing methods have failed to discriminate between evaluation results and the fact that research has variable returns to scale. To address this, in this paper we propose a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) nonradial super efficiency data envelopment analysis (NRSDEA) model, which uses an output-oriented nonradial SDEA method to manage nonsolution problems and integer decision variable constraints. In addition, we used a Malmquist index to decompose the productivity changes of statistics discipline’s research efficiency at different universities in China. Finally, we verified the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВІДКРИТОГО ХМАРО ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО ОСВІТНЬО-НАУКОВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

У статті висвітлено результати теоретичних і експериментальних досліджень проблем проєктування, впровадження і використання відкритого хмаро орієнтованого освітньо-наукового середовища закладу вищої освіти, що проводилися в Інституті інформаційних технологій і засобів навчання НАПН України протягом 2011-2019 рр. Висвітлено науково-методичні засади дослідження, поняттєво-термінологічний апарат, окреслено методологічні принципи проєктування середовища, обґрунтовано загальну модель та методичну систему його формування і розвитку. У моделі відображено особливості процесу формування і розвитку середовища, що спрямований на досягнення цілей педагогічної системи, серед яких – формування ІКТ-компетентного фахівця; розширення доступу до ІКТ; використання в освіті і наукових дослідженнях найсучасніших засобів і технологій. Методична система охоплює ряд методик, що об’єднані системо утворюючим чинником, яким є хмаро орієнтований підхід, що спирається на відповідні базові характеристики і сервісні моделі. До складу методичної системи входять: методика використання науково-навчальної хмари наукової/освітньої установи, що спрямована на поліпшення організації і підвищення ефективності наукових досліджень, упровадження їх результатів; методики використання хмаро орієнтованих компонентів навчального призначення на базі гібридної хмари AWS а також спеціалізованих предметно орієнтованих сервісів. Охарактеризовано шляхи добору методик на базі запропонованої моделі в педагогічних системах закладу вищої освіти, визначено перспективи їх використання. Здійснено аналіз і оцінку досвіду впровадження і використання окремих сервісів і компонентів хмаро орієнтованого освітньо-наукового середовища у закладах вищої освіти України. Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень використання сервісів хмаро орієнтованого середовища в процесі навчання наукових, науково-педагогічних, педагогічних кадрів. Проведено аналіз і оцінку перспектив розвитку хмаро орієнтованого освітньо-наукового середовища на підставі запропонованих підходів.

The Dilemmas of Scientific Research Cooperation and Their Resolution From the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology.

Scientific research cooperation has become a mainstream trend of social development. It can promote resource sharing, help group members complement each other’s advantages, and improve scientific research efficiency. With the deepening of scientific research cooperation, there have also been problems such as the uneven strength of partners, gender discrimination, and group exclusionary behavior. People often explore the causes of these problems in terms of the process of scientific research cooperation, but doing so fails to solve the substantive problems effectively. We thus seek to trace the psychology of people participating in scientific research cooperation from the perspective of evolutionary psychology so as to analyze the root causes of scientific research cooperation problems. This paper first discusses the importance of scientific research cooperation, then enumerates common problems in scientific research cooperation, analyzes them from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, and proposes solutions to these problems from the perspective of regulating people’s psychology. This article illustrates how the many perspectives and theories of evolutionary psychology can solve problems in other disciplines and fields, and indeed that all human social activities can be explained by evolutionary psychology, which opens up a broader field of research for evolutionary psychology.

INTEGRATION OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN THE PROCESS OF REGULATION OF THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORY

The article presents the principal structure of the goals, means and results of the functioning of a unified system of preparation of innovative personnel on the levels of education and the preconditions and social innovations in all subsystems and levels of education accumulated both in Ukraine and in the world. At the scientific and educational level, the development of the approach to further institutional development of science and education is proposed — through the development and implementation of mechanisms for reproduction of intellectual capital of Ukraine's research and innovation personnel. Conceptually, this mechanism is intended to harmonize the content, pedagogical technologies, curricula and programs, from the level of preschool education, the development of inclinations and abilities in the school period, the formation of creative abilities of young scientists in the student, the purposeful formation of scientists-innovators in graduate school and doctoral studies. The mechanism should ensure the achievement of a high level and advanced character of training, retraining and advanced training of specialists in promising areas of science and technology, improving the quality of education and the efficiency of scientific research. Conducting technical modernization and advanced training create conditions for the transition to an innovative economy model. There is a whole range of proposals that would significantly increase the number of private-public or public-private projects; partnership. Including Infrastructure. The sequence of а higher role for business in the management of private-public partnership institutes, including such as project expertise, the creation of registers of both implemented projects and projects that are envisaged to implement such a partnership. That is, it is not just a partnership in the development of budget money, but also a partnership in the creation of development institutes, public-private partnership institutes.

Grassroots Training for Reproducible Science: A Consortium-Based Approach to the Empirical Dissertation

There is a widely acknowledged need to improve the reliability and efficiency of scientific research to increase the credibility of the published scientific literature and accelerate discovery. Widespread improvement requires a cultural shift in both thinking and practice, and better education will be instrumental to achieve this. Here we argue that education in reproducible science should start at the grassroots. We present our model of consortium-based student projects to train undergraduates in reproducible team science. We discuss how with careful design we have aligned collaboration with the current conventions for individual student assessment. We reflect on our experiences of several years running the GW4 Undergraduate Psychology Consortium offering insights we hope will be of practical use to others wishing to adopt a similar approach. We consider the pedagogical benefits of our approach in equipping students with 21st-century skills. Finally, we reflect on the need to shift incentives to reward to team science in global research and how this applies to the reward structures of student assessment.

Experience and Problems of Increasing the Efficiency of Scientific Activity of National Libraries

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the further development and increase of the efficiency of scientific research and scientific-methodical activity as the main type of activity of the National Libraries (NL). There is presented the analysis of the legal basis of the research function of NL — legislation in the field of librarianship, science and scientific and technological policy. The author considers the reflection of this function in the Statutes of NL of different times and stages of development. The article reveals the modern forms of institutionalization of scientific activity and scientometric approach to assessing the efficiency of scientific institutions. The author records the necessity of comparative analysis of the legal substantiation of the forms of organization and content of scientific activity of the National libraries of different countries. The author analyses domestic and foreign sources on this problem, as well as determines the scope of missing information for more profound and comprehensive assessment of the current state of research activities of NL. To this end, the author examines the official websites of the libraries and reveals the following results. Most of NL are engaged in scientific research. Based on the analysis, the article substantiates the conclusion about the presence of general trends in their content, corresponding to the modern requirements of socio-economic and cultural development. The author presents the conclusion on the need to develop scientific activity of the National Library of Russia in accordance with the “Concept of Development of the National Library of Russia for 2018—2025”. The article analyses the normative and regulatory documents of domestic and foreign NL, as well as the experience of domestic and foreign researchers over the past 20 years, which proves the important place and role of scientific research in the activities of the modern NL. The conducted analysis will contribute to improving the efficiency of scientific activities of NL, strengthening of their role as a scientific and methodological centre for the Central libraries of the Russian Federation, as well as the role of regional libraries in the formation of the research space and the environment of professional scientific communications.

دور تقنيات المعلومات في تعزيز كفاءة البحث العلمي (The Role of IT in Enhancing the Efficiency of Scientific Research)

Arabic Abstract: نظرا للتطور الهائل لمعالجة البيانات والتوجه المتسارع نحو حوسبة معظم الأنشطة العامة والخاصة, كان لابد من إستخدام وتوظيف تقنيات المعلومات في مجال البحث العلمي والتي ساعدت في زيادة إنتاجيته وموثوقيته على الرغم من بعض العوائق المؤسساتية والسلوكية. تكمن مشكلة البحث بإن تقنيات المعلومات أصبحت ضرورة لايمكن الإستغناء عنها في مجال البحث العلمي بسبب تطور المكونات المادية وغير المادية للحواسيب, وعلى الرغم من أهميتها الشديدة الا أن العديد من العقبات واجهت توظيف هذه التقنيات في خدمة البحث العلمي, وعليه يسعى البحث الى تسليط الضوء على دور تقنيات المعلومات في تعزيز كفاءة البحث العلمي من خلال توفير الموارد المفيدة للباحثين وزيادة فاعلية السلوك البحثي لديهم. إن الفرضية الأساسية للبحث مفادها بأن تقنيات المعلومات تلعب دورا مهما ومؤثرا على تعزيز كفاءة وإنتاجية البحث العلمي على الرغم من العوائق التي تواجه توظيفها, ومن أجل التحقق من فرضية البحث فلقد إعتمد الباحثان في صياغة البحث على المنهج الوصفي من خلال الرجوع الى المصادر ذات العلاقة والأدبيات السابقة من بحوث علمية ومقالات وكتب وتجارب عملية سابقة. English Abstract: Based on the tremendous development of data processing and the accelerated trend towards computerization of most public and private activities, it was necessary to use and employ information technologies in the field of scientific research that helped increase its productivity and reliability despite some institutional and behavioral barriers. The research problem lies in the fact that information technology has become an indispensable necessity in the field of scientific research due to the development of the physical and non-physical components of computers, and despite its great importance, many obstacles have faced the employment of these technologies in the service of scientific research, and therefore the research seeks to shed light on the role of Information technologies in enhancing the efficiency of scientific research by providing useful resources for researchers and increasing the effectiveness of their research behavior. The basic hypothesis of the research is that information technologies play an important role and influence the enhancement of the efficiency and productivity of scientific research despite the obstacles facing its employment, and in order to verify the research hypothesis, the researchers relied on formulating the research on the descriptive approach by referring to the relevant sources and previous literature from scientific research, articles, books, and previous practical experiences.

Applying Malmquist index to evaluate the output efficiency of scientific research in a hospital department

Objective To study the dynamic changes of scientific research efficiency of 51 departments in a top three hospitals in Beijing from 2014 to 2016, and to provide reference information for improving the efficiency of scientific research in hospital departments. Methods The CCC model of DEA, BCC model were used for lateral analysis, and then Malmquist index was used for longitudinal analysis. Results There were 12 (23.53%) departments in 2014, 11 (21.57%) departments in 2015, 9 (17.65%) departments in 2016 data envelopment analysis was valid, from 2014 to 2016, 41 (80.39%) departments of the hospital increased the total factor productivity. Conclusions The total factor productivity of the 51 departments in the hospital increased from 2014 to 2016, and technological progress was the main reason for its growth. Key words: Research output efficiency; Malmquist index; Clinical departments; DEA

Evaluation of the scientific research efficiency of 100 tertiary hospitals and the influencing factors analysis based on Bootstrap DEA-OLS model

Objective To evaluate the scientific research efficiency of tertiary hospitals and analyze the influencing factors, providing reference for the decision-making of scientific research managers in China. Methods Evaluation indicators were collected from 100 tertiary hospitals in China, and their research efficiency was evaluated using Bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. The influencing factors were analyzed using ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. Results The averaged scientific research efficiency of these hospitals using Bootstrap DEA method was 0.522 4, lower than that using conventional DEA method (0.067 6), yet with a great variation (from 0.110 3 to 0.879 0) among them. Linear regression analysis showed that factors such as R&D input and output, and hospital types has statistical significance on the saentific research efficiency (P<0.05). Conclusions These hospitals are inefficient in scientific research with sizable room for improvement. Conventional DEA method should be used with caution, as deviations should be corrected with Bootstrap DEA method. The research development level and hospital types of their province can influence the research efficiency the hospitals significantly. Key words: Scientific research efficiency; Efficiency evaluation; Bootstrap-DEA method; OLS regression model

Directions for Developing the Efficiency of Scientific Research

The article surprises elements of novelty and needs in the activity of scientific research and communication, identifies the needs and their practical settlement. We identified the needs and behavior of the academic staff involved in research and we analyzed trends in contemporary research. The universities have the opportunity to improve their services for research support in today’s information society using new technologies and different avenue for this move into the future. The effect of libraries using the same, shared hardware, services and data, enhances the both library user’s experience and library staff workflows.Connected data, collaboration, digitization and cloud computing will strongly increase the role of library support for academic research.