Efficiency Of Power Grid Research Articles

Review and Prospects for Evaluating Power Grid Dispatching Service Quality

To reasonably evaluate the dispatching service quality of a power grid and comprehensively reflect the diversified demand satisfaction extent of the relevant stakeholders in the power system, it is imperative to construct an evaluation index system for power grid dispatching service quality, which should thoroughly consider the demand satisfaction of generation-side stakeholders, grid-side stakeholders, and load-side stakeholders. In this paper, the research status of the source-grid-load stakeholders' satisfaction indexes is overviewed from the perspective of their dispatching demand. The dispatching demand satisfaction indexes of the source-grid-load stakeholders and major evaluation methods in the literature are also summarized. According to current research progress, proposals for improving the rationality and efficiency of power grid dispatching service quality evaluation are also described. Finally, by combining the development demands of power grid dispatching service quality, we outline future research directions that involve dispatching demand satisfaction indexes evaluation for source-grid-load stakeholders in the power system.

Power Distribution Network Based on Digital 3D Twin Panoramic Modeling

Digital twins refer to virtual digital expressions constructed in virtual space that can characterize characteristics, the formation process and behavior of natural entities, and it has the characteristics of multi-physics, multi-scale and probability. This article mainly introduces the application research of digital 3D twin panorama modeling in power distribution network. This paper proposes the average current method to calculate the line loss of the power distribution network, so that the accuracy is guaranteed. In addition, the digital three-dimensional panoramic modeling method is used to optimize the grid system, and the data structure is used to calculate the power distribution network. Analyze the topological structure of the power grid, and then obtain the calculation method of the distribution network line loss. The experimental results in this paper show that the rendering efficiency of power grid results has increased by 17% based on the digital 3D twin panorama modeling, and the method and algorithm for matching video and panorama image are proposed, which solves the problem of video rotation angle on the panorama connection, so that The smoothness of panoramic roaming is improved by 23%.

Active Learning-Based XGBoost for Cyber Physical System Against Generic AC False Data Injection Attacks

With the exponential growth of information and communication technology, the traditional power system is gradually evolving into a cyber physical energy system (CPES) with frequently interactions between physical and cyber components. CPES indeed revolutionize the power grid efficiency and operational performance, but it also gives rise to new security challenges, causing catastrophic consequences in power system. Therefore, this article proposes a new false data injection attack (FDIA) detection mechanism to automatically recognize the intrusions and thereby improve the cybersecurity of CPES. In this mechanism, a two-stage FDIA model is developed to generate training dataset for the machine learning-based detector, and an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier is meticulously designed by combining with active learning and Bayesian optimization techniques to improve training efficiency and model performance respectively. The proposed FDIA defense strategy can properly extract the nonstationary and nonlinear attacking features and thus locate the biased states with a high accuracy. The obtained numerical results on the standard IEEE 14-, 57- and 118-bus systems highlight the destructive effects of the developed two-stage FDIA and comprehensively demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FDIA detection mechanism.

Opportunities and Challenges for Construction of Substation Facilities under the Background of Ubiquitous Energy Internet of Things

Under the background of global clean and low-carbon energy development, it is more important to improve the operational energy efficiency of power grid. By analyzing the ubiquitous energy Internet of things (UEIOT) and its important construction direction, the integration directions of the transformation and substation’s construction are proposed, which provides an important reference for the construction of UEIOT.

Event‐triggered mechanism based distributed optimal frequency regulation of power grid

Considering the limitation of communication network, the event-triggered mechanism based distributed optimal frequency regulation is proposed, which can restore the frequency and retain the economic efficiency of power grid simultaneously under certain load disturbances. Compared with the traditional distributed optimal frequency regulation based on continuous or periodic sampled-data information transmission mechanism, the communication burden among the areas in power grid is reduced since two novel types of event-triggered mechanisms, which possess the information demand-transmission property, are constructed and introduced in the regulation method in this study. Moreover, Zeno behaviour is proved to be avoided in order to guarantee the availability of event-triggered mechanisms in practical power grid. The effectiveness of theoretical result of this study is verified by the simulation study.

The impacts of market power on power grid efficiency: Evidence from China

Since 1980s, China has experienced a series of reforms to support the development of electricity industry, and the latest one is in 2015. The essence of this new reform is to improve efficiency and lower energy cost. However, China's electricity market has its particularity. The “provinces as entities” is the main regulation frame in China's electricity sector. The operation of the electricity industry can be seen as a game result and interest compromise between the local government and grid companies, and this “win-win exchange” regulation failure leads to grid market power. The profit mode of the grid enterprises will be gradually changed with the deepening of new electricity reform. How to regulate electricity transmission and distribution sector and improve grid efficiency becomes a crucial problem to address. This paper aims to examine the relationship between market power and power grid efficiency. We calculate the unconditional and conditional efficiency of grid companies by applying a conditional slack-based measure (SBM) model. The empirical results show that grid efficiency is at a low level and the indicators differ among provinces and regions. Moreover, market power indeed has significant negative effects on power grid efficiency. These findings provide some insightful references for the future development of China's power industry and electricity reform.

An Evaluation Method of Grid Operation Benefit based on Operation Data

With the rapid development of economy, more and more requirements are being made on the investment and operating efficiency of power grid. Therefore, it’s necessary to establish an evaluation method of grid operation benefit based on operation data. This paper establishes a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the operation benefit of power grid based on the improved variable weight theory. Firstly, a perfect index system is established, and the dimensionless calculation method in the efficacy coefficient method is introduced. Then the improved variable weight theory algorithm is studied. It makes more effective use of earned scores by introducing a non-const equilibrium coefficient, and the calculation process of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is given. Finally, an example is illustrated to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Research on power grid effective assets input-output evaluation based on super-efficient DEA model

With the deepening of power system reform, the precise investment and lean development of power grids have become the focus of power grid enterprises. It is of great significance to carry out evaluation research on the efficiency of input and output of effective assets of power grids. Based on the analysis of the status quo of effective asset evaluation in China’s power grid, this paper combines the model of super-efficient DEA with the analysis of effective asset output efficiency of power grid to construct an evaluation system of effective asset input and output efficiency of power grids, and takes the national power grid as an example for calculation and analysis. This paper objectively evaluates the internal and external factors affecting the efficiency of the effective assets of the grid, and provides quantitative analysis support for the effective asset investment decision of the grid.

Social media data as a proxy for hourly fine-scale electric power consumption estimation

Accurate forecasting of electric demand is essential for the operation of modern power system. Inaccurate load forecasting will considerably affect the power grid efficiency. Forecasting the electric demand for a small area, such as a building, has long been a well-known challenge. In this research, we examined the association between geotagged tweets and hourly electric consumption at a fine scale. All available geotagged tweets and electric meter readings were retrieved and spatially aggregated to each building in the study area. Comparing to traditional studies, the usage of geotagged tweets is to reflect human activity dynamics to some degree by considering human beings as sensors, which therefore can be employed at the building level. High correlation is found between the human activity indicator and the power consumption as supported by a correlation coefficient level over 0.8. To the best of our knowledge, rare studies placed an emphasis on hourly electric power consumption using social media data, especially at such a fine scale. This research shows the great potential of using Twitter data as a proxy of human activities to model hourly electric power consumption at the building level. More studies are warranted in the future to further examine the effectiveness of the proposed method in this research.

Optimal Reconstruction of Power Distribution Network based on Reliability and Economy

Great significance shall be attached to the research on how to improve reliability of user-end power supply with limited expense by coordinating reliability and economic efficiency of power grid, so that to meet the increasing demand on reliability of electric power, and achieve considerable economic effectiveness. In this paper, process of power distribution network reliability calculation based on minimum-path failure mode and effect analysis mode is expounded, and a demonstration on calculation of power distribution network reliability is provided. Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis, which includes calculations of cost and benefit of reliability, is introduced to reflect reliability efficiency through power interruption cost calculation. At the end of this paper the cost-benefit Analyses is applied on the optimal reconstructed power distribution network.

Energy efficient and QoS-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor network-based smart grid applications in the context of industry 4.0

Recently, there have been great advances in internet of things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) leading to the fourth industrial revolution in power grid, namely, Smart Grid Industry 4.0 (SGI 4.0). In the Smart Grid Industry 4.0 framework, the WSNs have the potential to improve power grid efficiency by cable replacement, deployment flexibility, and cost reduction. However, the smart grid (SG) environment that the WSNs operate in is very challenging because of equipment noise, dust, heat, electromagnetic interference, multipath effects and fading, which make it difficult for current WSNs to provide reliable communication. For SGI 4.0 to come true, a WSN-based highly reliable communication infrastructure is essential for successful operation of the next-generation electricity power grids. To address this need, in this paper a novel dynamic clustering based energy efficient and quality-of-service (QoS)-aware routing protocol (called EQRP), which is inspired by the real behavior of the bird mating optimization (BMO), has been proposed. The proposed distributed scheme improves network reliability significantly and reduces excessive packets retransmissions for WSN-based SG applications. Performance results show that the proposed protocol has successfully reduced the end-to-end delay and has improved packet delivery ratio, memory utilization, residual energy, and throughput.

Research on Multi-level Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Power Grid Efficiency

Power grid economic efficiency evaluation has been an important subject of Power Grid Corp. Nowadays, during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the adjustment of China's strategy and planning has brought new challenges to the development of China's Power Grid Corp. Therefore, it becomes more important to evaluate the economic efficiency of power grid. Firstly, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of the economic efficiency of power grid. Secondly, using analytic hierarchy process to carry out empowerment for index. Finally, evaluate the economic efficiency of power grid during 12th Five-Year in a province of China, and summarize the operation situation of power grid economic efficiency of this province in 2013-2015.

Data Centers as Dispatchable Loads to Harness Stranded Power

We analyze how both traditional data center integration and dispatchable load integration affect power grid efficiency. We use detailed network models, parallel optimization solvers, and thousands of renewable generation scenarios to perform our analysis. Our analysis reveals that significant spillage and stranded power will be observed in power grids as wind power levels are increased. A counter-intuitive finding is that collocating data centers with inflexible loads next to wind farms has limited impacts on renewable portfolio standard (RPS) goals because it provides limited system-level flexibility and can in fact increase stranded power and fossil-fueled generation. In contrast, optimally placing data centers that are dispatchable (with flexible loads) provides system-wide flexibility, reduces stranded power, and improves efficiency. In short, optimally placed dispatchable computing loads can enable better scaling to high RPS. We show that these dispatchable computing loads are powered to 60~80\% of their requested capacity, indicating that there are significant economic incentives provided by stranded power.

Online Charging Scheduling Algorithms of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid: An Overview

As an environment-friendly substitute for conventional fuel-powered vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) and their components have been widely developed and deployed worldwide. The large-scale integration of EVs into power grid brings both challenges and opportunities to the system performance. On one hand, the load demand from EV charging imposes large impact on the stability and efficiency of power grid. On the other hand, EVs could potentially act as mobile energy storage systems to improve the power network performance, such as load flattening, fast frequency control, and facilitating renewable energy integration. Evidently, uncontrolled EV charging could lead to inefficient power network operation or even security issues. This spurs enormous research interests in designing charging coordination mechanisms. A key design challenge here lies in the lack of complete knowledge of events that occur in the future. Indeed, the amount of knowledge of future events significantly impacts the design of efficient charging control algorithms. This article focuses on introducing online EV charging scheduling techniques that deal with different degrees of uncertainty and randomness of future knowledge. Besides, we highlight the promising future research directions for EV charging control.

General Information about the Design of Smart Grids in Universities

Until recently, the dominant paradigm in the electrification consisted of universal service and its centralization, and for loor modern times think of the power grid of the future where a qualitative and radical leap is required because of the need to manage better energy resources, promote environmental protection and meet the increasingly demanding requirements of quality of service. A power distribution network becomes intelligent acquiring data, communicating, processing information and exercising control through a feedback that allows you to adjust to changes that may arise in actual operation. Ecuador aimed at energy efficiency through smart grids, which allow the dealer to maintain absolute monitoring of energy flow and the elements of the power grid. Thus, it is possible that service companies can efficiently manage their assets and the end user to manage consumption rationally, requiring to enhance the energy efficiency of power grids, one management timely and efficient energy.

Research on Mobile Internet for Smart Power Consumption

In this paper, research on mobile internet for smart power consumption had been completed; To encourage consumers to participate in peak-shifting, various devices and technologies have been deployed on customer premise, such as interactive terminals, data gathering equipments, load control devices, visualization technology, the interactive service platform and technical support platform etc. These measures have brought out major achievements. In Beijing, Shanghai, Nanchang and Yinchuan, through an empirical study for power consumption in the different cities, experiment showed that mobile internet for smart power consumption could reduce load difference, and smooth load curve, which can improve operation efficiency of power grid and relieve pressure of energy shortage due to the participation of consumers.

Heat Recycling of PCS Power Inverter on Energy Storage Device

Nowadays, energy storage technology is a new technology. In power generation field, energy storage technology can largely solve the problem of the randomness and volatility in the new energy power generation. This technology can realize smooth output of new energy power generation. It can effectively regulate the power grid voltage and frequency in the new energy power generation, and make the new energy power generation friendly connected to the electricity grid. It has great significance to energy conservation, environmental protection, power supply reliability improving, power grid efficiency improving, and resource utilization.

Control and Communication Techniques for the Smart Grid: An Energy Efficiency Perspective

Energy is a major driver of developments in human society. Naturally, the energy efficiency of power grids qualifies as an important topic. Half a century old, the world's power grids are due for a major overhaul. The envisioned energy-efficient, environment-friendly, distributed-generation-friendly, demand-response-friendly, self-healing power grid is called the smart grid. This article is intended as a primer on the control and communication techniques that form the basis of several smart grid subsystems, namely distributed generation, wide-area monitoring, distribution automation, and substation automation. The theme of this article is to show how these techniques contribute to the efficiency of the generation, transmission, and distribution segments of a grid. Potential research challenges and opportunities are indicated. To complement our technical discussion, noteworthy smart grid developments in Australia (one of the world's top investors in smart grids) are highlighted.

Smart Grid Communication: Its Challenges and Opportunities

The necessity to promote smart grid (SG) has been recognized with a strong consensus. The SG integrates electrical grids and communication infrastructures and forms an intelligent electricity network working with all connected components to deliver sustainable electricity supplies. Many advanced communication technologies have been identified for SG applications with a potential to significantly enhance the overall efficiency of power grids. In this paper, the challenges and applications of communication technologies in SG are discussed. In particular, we identify three major challenges to implement SG communication systems, including standards interoperability, cognitive access to unlicensed radio spectra, and cyber security. The issues to implement SG communications on an evolutional path and its future trends are also addressed. The aim of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art researches on SG communications.

Coordinated Data-Injection Attack and Detection in the Smart Grid: A Detailed Look at Enriching Detection Solutions

A smart grid improves the efficiency of power grids via the aid of modern communication, signal processing, and control technologies. While smart grid integration enables power grid networks to be smarter, it also increases the risk of cyberattacks due to the strong dependence on the cyberinfrastructure in the overall system. In this article, the coordinated datainjection attack detection problem in the smart grid is considered. Specifically, the data-injection attack model is first introduced and a thorough survey of existing detection methods is then given. Afterward, three important efforts to enrich the detection solution are presented in detail: 1) attacker versus defender dynamics, where possible interactive attack and defense strategies are discussed in the context of secure phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement 2) distributed attack detection and state recovery, where the focus is how to achieve the optimal centralized performance with a distributed approach 3) quickest detection (QD), where the trade off between the detection speed and detection performance is studied. A list of associated key open problems in this area is then presented to conclude this article.