Efficiency Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Research Articles

Research on Efficiency of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Adaptive Algorithm of Fuzzy Control

In today’s world, energy is undoubtedly one of the most significant problems. As the global electricity consumption continues to increase, electric motors, which are widely used as power devices, account for an increasingly prominent proportion of the energy consumed. Motors now consume about 45% of the total electricity in the world (60% in China); therefore, improving motor efficiency has become an important way to achieve carbon emission reduction and sustainable development. The aim of this research was to devise a new strategy to reduce CO2 emissions other than by building green power factories, because even the building of green power factories produces a great deal of CO2 emissions, and improving motor efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions could contribute to sustainable development worldwide. However, the improvement of motor efficiency encounters challenges, such as nonlinearity and disturbances, which affect the motor performance and energy efficiency. To address this issue, this paper proposes a control algorithm for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) that is highly efficient and would be most widely used based on a fuzzy control adaptive forgetting factor. It aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the online parameter estimation for the PMSM flux linkage, thereby achieving more precise and energy-efficient motor control. Firstly, the recursive least-squares parameter estimation algorithm is used to identify the parameters of the PMSM. This ensures that the parameter estimation values can be dynamically updated with data changes, adapting to the time-varying parameters. Secondly, the Padé approximation method is adopted, which is a method that does not depend on the motor hardware, to improve the accuracy of the linearized model of the motor. Finally, a control algorithm based on the fuzzy control adaptive forgetting factor algorithm is constructed on a physical experimental platform. A comparison of these results proves that the control technology under this algorithm provides a new energy-saving control strategy that can estimate the motor flux linkage parameters more accurately, help to reduce energy consumption, promote the use of clean energy, and achieve sustainable performance optimization.

Overview of Predictive Control Technology for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Systems

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are commonly used in the automation industry. With the speedy development of digital system processors, predictive control as a modern control scheme has been applied to improve the dynamic performance and work efficiency of PMSMs. This paper provides an overview of the research status of PMSM-based predictive control strategies. The deficiencies of the three most popular predictive schemes, deadbeat predictive control, finite-control-set model predictive control, and continuous-control-set model predictive control, and existing improvement strategies such as delay compensation schemes, robust control schemes, and multi-vector control schemes, are summarized. Finally, current technological trends are discussed, emphasizing future research directions for predictive control in PMSM drive systems.

A Model Predictive Control Method for Efficiency Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

As one of the important forms of AC motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in wind power generation systems, new energy vehicles, and other fields. To improve the operating efficiency of PMSM, a new model predictive control method considering controllable losses is proposed. After building the PMSM loss model, an accurate variable prediction method is derived. By incorporating the controllable loss prediction value into the cost function, the system operation efficiency is dynamically improved. Moreover, this method configures a weight coefficient for the loss penalty term, to obtain a trade-off between efficiency and transient time. The simulation results show that the efficiency, stator current THD, and MTPA capability of the proposed method are superior to the traditional model predictive control method.

Multi-Physics Characteristics of PMSM for Compressor According to Driving Mode Considering PWM Frequency

When pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for compressors, current harmonics in the carrier frequency domain are inevitably generated. These current harmonics not only affect losses in PMSM and drive, but also create harmonic components of the electromagnetic force, which causes noise/vibration. Since the amplitude and harmonic order of the current harmonics depend on the driving mode, the efficiency and noise are also affected by the driving mode. Therefore, this paper presents the comparison of the efficiency, noise, and vibration characteristics of compressor PMSM according to the driving mode. In particular, space vector PWM (SVPWM), discontinuous PWM (DPWM), and square-wave modes were analyzed. First, the characteristics of the experimental current waveform for each driving mode are analyzed, and the time and spatial orders of the electromagnetic force are calculated based on the Maxwell stress tensor method. Then, based on the derived electromagnetic force, the noise/vibration characteristics of PMSM are analyzed. The efficiencies of PMSM, driving, and total (PMSM+drive) were compared according to driving mode. It was confirmed that there is a trade-off relationship between efficiency and noise/vibration according to the driving modes. All results were analyzed using finite element analysis and experimentally verified using manufactured motor.

Operation Efficiency Optimization for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, an improved online particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the traditional search controller for improving the operating efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This algorithm combines the advantages of the attraction and repulsion PSO and the distributed PSO that can help the search controller to find the optimal d - axis air gap current quickly and accurately under non-stationary operating conditions, thereby minimizing the air gap flux and then improving the motor efficiency. To verify the effectiveness and stability of this proposed algorithm, the operating efficiency of PMSM as using this proposed algorithm is compared with that of traditional search controller under non-stationary operating conditions. The results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the operating efficiency of PMSM by 6.03% on average under non-stationary operation conditions. This indicates that the search controller based on the improved PSO has a better adaptation to the variation of external operating conditions, and can improve the operation efficiency of PMSM under non-stationary condition.

High Efficiency PMSM With High Slot Fill Factor Coil for Heavy-Duty EV Traction Considering AC Resistance

Electric vehicle (EV) systems require a high energy-efficiency traction motor so that the motors for EV traction should achieve high efficiency and power density. Hence, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for EV traction using a maximum slot occupation (MSO) coil has been investigated in this study. By applying the MSO coil, high torque density was achieved, but an additional loss, which decreases the efficiency, was incurred through alternating current (AC) resistance. To reduce the AC resistance of the MSO coil, the following process was performed: First, by investigation using the analytical method, pole/slot numbers, current density and number of parallel circuits affecting the frequency, the shape and number of conductors were chosen as important variables. Resistances of the MSO coil with a stator core were analyzed according to the chosen variables above. From the results, MSO coil applied PMSM with proper pole/slot numbers, current density, and parallel circuits was determined to improve the efficiencies at the base and maximum speeds. To accurately estimate the efficiency of the determined model, loss evaluation methods were explained. Subsequently, the determined MSO coil applied model was compared with the conventional model having round wires, and the improvements were verified by load testing.

The Research on Energy Transfer Efficiency of PMSM with Stochastic PWM

The pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is widely used in control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The switching process with fixed switching frequency results in useless harmonics. In an inverter with PWM, the dead time result in harmonics to the drive systems. And the dead time will reduce the energy transfer efficiency in PMSM drives. This paper proposes PWM controller with random dead time for voltage-source inverters used in PMSM drives. The proposed method will directly add random factors to dead time to realize the randomness of PWM. This technique can effectively reduce the harmonics in this systems. Therefore, the purpose of improving PMSM control technology energy transfer efficiency is achieved. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated by simulation.

Decoupled self-tuning PI controller for an idling stop system applied to scooters

This paper is aimed to propose a decoupled self-tuning proportional plus integral (PI) controller with simple law for an idling stop system applied to scooters. An integrated starter generator (ISG) of the idling stop system is designed with a high efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The PMSM used as an ISG must have a high torque characteristic to ensure that the engine can be accelerated up to firing speed. A conventional and useful control algorithm named PI control is unable to handle motor current very well for dynamic load, parametric variation, and external disturbance, especially in a vehicle application. Therefore, a robust algorithm for current control in an ISG is proposed. The decoupled selftuning PI controller based on the Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to guarantee the control performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. Experimental results show that the engine of a 150 cm3 scooter can be cranked to reach firing speed by a ISG within 0.1−0.2 second. The proposed method is simple, robust, as well as stable for idling stop system, and can be effectively implemented.

110kW급 고출력 밀도형 PMSM의 손실 저감을 통한 고효율 설계에 대한 연구

In this paper, 110kW high output density, high efficiency Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor which can be applied on tram’s traction system is introduced, along with its output and loss characteristics. The motor model is 2pole 18slot model and its size has been reduced through the high speed for high output density. Especially, structure and retainer sleeve structure is applied to its structure, which is also appropriate for high speed rotation. This kind of structure has eddy current loss problem on the surface of rotor, which must be reduced for high output density design. This study has designed the most optimized additional design parameter in order to improve the output characteristics and efficiency of previous produced 2pole 18 slot 110kW motor model and how the width of airgap affects from the loss perspective is mainly analyzed. Finally, the analysis on the extent of the efficiency improvement effect compared to the previous model has performed through electromagnetic FEM analysis. The influence of airgap flux density distribution has also been thoroughly examined.

MEASUREMENT OF LOSSES IN DIRECT TORQUE CONTROLLED PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR BY ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Direct Torque Control (DTC) appears as an effective and practical control scheme for AC motor drives. The DTC of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) Drives attracted great attention, due to many features like high efficiency, quick dynamic performance and provide excellent steady state response. The adjustable speed drives are rapidly introduced in the area of electric vehicle and motion control devices and these devices are often powered by a battery source. Due to the restriction in energy supply, the improvement of motor efficiency is the most important priority, and hence the DTC technique is used to measure the losses in PMSM. In order to measure the losses, the offline and online calculation methods are proposed. In this work, the mechanical losses is depends on rotor speed and friction torque, and it is often uncontrollable but the electrical losses are controllable and hence the electrical losses can be measured certainly. The Offline control method is used for optimizing the steady-state efficiency of PMSM under DTC. In this proposed work, the losses are calculated by offline method for simulation and experimental setup in order to obtain the better steady state efficiency, and also comparatively investigated with analysis and experimental results.

Silniki synchroniczne z magnesami trwałymi o dużej sprawności

This paper presents the results of application permanent magnets in medium power AC motors. The main advantages of these motors are robust construction and direct on line start ability. Due to similar size they may replace classical induction motor. The full load characteristics of LSPMSM (Pn=110kW, Un=500V) are shown. They prove that this motor is characterized by higher power factor, higher efficiency and lower input current comparing to induction motor. High efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor.

A comprehensive analysis and implementation of vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is gaining much attention in the area of high performance drives with the recent development in solid state electronics, processors, and intelligent computing. The development of ASIC and advanced VLSI technologies compact size and high efficiency of PMSM made it a suitable candidate for servo drives. This paper describes a brief analysis of permanent PMSM. The advantages over widely used DC motors and induction motors are also discussed in detail. To overcome the inherent coupling effect and the sluggish response of scalar control the vector control is employed. By using the vector control, the performance of AC machines can be made similar to that of a DC machine. To implement the vector control two-axis mathematical model in d-q reference frame is obtained. The performance of proposed controller is investigated for different speed and torque values. The effectiveness of proposed controller is verified through simulations.

A predictive loss minimisation direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors

Although permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are inherently of high efficiency, their efficiency is enormously dependent on their control strategy. The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of PMSMs under a direct torque control (DTC) method. The main idea behind the proposed method is to predict a required small change of the stator flux amplitude at each sampling period to reduce the machine electrical loss before the change is applied. Accordingly, at every sampling time, a voltage vector is predicted and applied to the machine to change the flux amplitude in a way that the electrical loss decreases. The results of simulation show significant improvement in the machine efficiency in addition to a very fast and smooth response under the proposed method.

A predictive Loss Minimisation Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Although permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are inherently of high efficiency, their efficiency is enormously dependent on their control strategy. The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of PMSMs under a direct torque control (DTC) method. The main idea behind the proposed method is to predict a required small change of the stator flux amplitude at each sampling period to reduce the machine electrical loss before the change is applied. Accordingly, at every sampling time, a voltage vector is predicted and applied to the machine to change the flux amplitude in a way that the electrical loss decreases. The results of simulation show significant improvement in the machine efficiency in addition to a very fast and smooth response under the proposed method.

Simulation and Research on Maximum Efficiency of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Driving System

The maximum efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied and analyzed on the problem of the efficiency of motor driving system in the paper. Maximum efficiency and minimal loss have the same meaning, the mathematical model of the inverter and the PMSM are set up, thus the relationship between system loss and the stator flux is derived. Therefore, the value of the maximum efficiency of PMSM driving system can be achieved according to the expression of the stator flux. With the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK, the advantages of the loss model method and the search optimization method can be combined effectively to establish the driving system simulation model. While keeping the output-power constant by detecting the inverter-side DC voltage and current, the maximum efficiency and minimum loss in the overall range can be achieved rapidly.

A Novel Efficiency Optimization Strategy of IPMSM for Pump Applications

According to the operating characteristics of pump applications, they should exhibit high efficiency and energy saving capabilities throughout the whole operating process. A novel efficiency optimization control strategy is presented here to meet the high efficiency demand of a variable speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The core of this strategy is the excellent integration of mended maximum torque to the current control algorithm, based on the losses model during the dynamic and the grade search method with changed step by fuzzy logic during the steady. The performance experiments for the control system of a variable speed high efficiency PMSM have been completed. The test results verified that the system can reliably operate with a different control strategy during dynamic and steady operation, and the system exhibits better performance when using the efficiency-optimization control.

Study on the Constants of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Railway Vehicle Traction

We have been investigating to apply permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) to railway vehicle traction, because the efficiency of PMSMs are higher than that of induction motors and they are expected to enable the traction motor down sized. We have to consider peculiarity on the railway vehicle traction when we design the electrical constants of PMSMs. On this paper, we point out the particular points which we have to take into account on designing works and analyze how the constants of PMSMs affect the their performance. Through this study, we suggest how to design the constants and applied the method to assumed designing works to verify the method. We conclude that the suggested method is available for the designing of PMSMs’ constants and reluctance torque is essential to the performance PMSMs for railway vehicle traction purpose.