Efficiency Of Electricity Use Research Articles

Does news propaganda really affect residents’ electricity rebound effect: New evidence of non-price information

The average electricity consumption per capita in China still has significant room for growth. Under the current rigid residential electricity pricing, it is very important to study how factors other than price can promote electricity conservation among residents. This paper uses micro-survey data of 2018 and 2020 to analyze energy efficiency and the rebound effect through a stochastic energy demand frontier model, as well as to examine the role of news propaganda in this context. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) News propaganda promoting electricity saving can weaken the rebound effect of electricity use, which can lead to better electricity savings. (2) The energy efficiency of residential electricity has improved significantly compared to previous years, and the rebound effect has decreased. (3) Electricity prices have a negative impact on electricity consumption, while income, household size, home area, and extreme temperatures have a positive impact. Based on these conclusions, we propose policy recommendations to address the current inflexibility in residential electricity pricing and to improve the efficiency of electricity use among residents.

РАНЖУВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОТЕХНІЧНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ВУГІЛЬНИХ ШАХТ ЗА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНІСТЮ

The purpose of the article is to improve the quality of the assessment of the efficiency of electricity consumption by electrotechnical complexes of coal mines due to the use of a multidimensional comparison with the application of various ranking rules. The study is devoted to the development of the organization of the assessment of the level of energy efficiency of electrotechnical complexes of coal mines. One of the main components of increasing the level of energy efficiency assessment of coal mines is the implementation of measures regarding the use and implementation of an adequate assessment of the level of their energy use. For this, it is necessary to apply such an evaluation mechanism that would allow to evaluate and analyze indicators that have an unequal effect on the efficiency of electricity use. It is relevant in this direction to determine the universal rules of the assessment procedure, which cover all the key areas of monitoring the level of energy efficiency using the ranking of coal mines. The result of ranking is a certain number of ratings by which the level of energy efficiency is assessed. Therefore, for research purposes, a procedure for evaluating the energy efficiency of electrotechnical complexes of coal mines is proposed, which is based on a multidimensional comparison of efficiency indicators through ranking according to different rules. At the same time, indicators that have the greatest impact on electricity consumption are taken into account. The ranks of coal mines according to energy efficiency have been determined. The assessment criteria were specific electricity consumption, mining and production of coal. It is shown that ranking rules make it possible to determine coal mines that are better or worse in terms of energy efficiency. It is proven that the use of the proposed energy efficiency assessment procedure ensures the reliability of management actions aimed at increasing the level of energy efficiency of the energy consumption system of electrical engineering complexes of coal mines.

Improving Electricity Efficiency by DC Power Transmission: A Case Study in Vietnamese Mining

The exploitation and use of fossil fuels, including coal, to promote socio-economic development is taking place firmly, including in Vietnam. Vietnam’s mining industry is getting deeper and deeper, and the degree of mechanization is increasing, making electricity consumption even bigger. The efficient use of electricity to reduce the power consumption per ton of mined coal significantly improves labor productivity, reduces environmental emissions, and moves towards sustainable socio-economic development. For mining in Vietnam today, electricity is still transmitted by AC, causing undesirable consequences that reduce the efficiency of electricity use. To overcome the above problems, it is possible to use DC power transmission. The content of the article analyzes the use of DC power transmission in mining in Vietnam based on simulation modeling methods using Matlab-Simulink software to improve power efficiency, reduce environmental emissions, and move towards sustainable development.

Estimation of energy efficiency potential of electric drive pumping units in steady operating modes

According to the results of studies of steady operation modes of electric pumping units of Ukrainian oil pumping stations, have been identified the main reasons of efficiency decrease of their performance during operation. It is determined that the normative documents regulating the efficient operation of pumping units of the main oil pipelines of Ukraine need to be improved. The assessment of energy efficiency potential of the main pumping unit on the example of pump НМ-3600-230 with synchronous electric drive СТД-2500-2 is carried out and the main ways to increase the efficiency of electricity use at oil pumping stations of main oil pipelines are analyzed. A complex mathematical-graphic model of a centrifugal pump and a synchronous electric motor is used to determine the parameters of the process of energy consumption and energy use of hydraulic and electrical subsystems of the pump unit, which allowed to take into account possible changes in equipment characteristics and modes of operation. The value of the relative specific consumption of electricity for pumping of working fluid for regulated and unregulated electric drive based on a complex electro-hydraulic model of the main pump was calculated, which allowed to promptly recalculate the characteristics of the centrifugal pump and electric motor taking into account their technical condition and to determine the potential of the pumping unit. It is determined that an effective way to reduce energy consumption by main pumping units is applying of a controlled electric drive at oil pumping stations, but the feasibility of such a measure requires additional technical and economical calculations. It is determined that to increase the efficiency of pumping units is necessary to avoid low flow-duty modes, to form maps of main oil pipelines in a way to ensure optimal in terms of energy efficiency operation modes of electro-hydraulic equipment of oil pumping stations and to change operation mode of pump and motor in terms of their technical condition.

Simulation or estimation?—Two approaches to calculate financial benefits of energy communities

To date, studies examining the profitability of energy communities (ECs) with a specific focus on the distribution of energy and costs between participants have mostly proposed complex optimisation algorithms built upon household flexibility potential. In practice, however, the majority of households are not equipped with load-scheduling equipment. Therefore, this work introduces, a simulation model that aims to better reflect reality in order to assess electricity flows and the according costs in a renewable energy community (REC). To this end, two different distribution keys – static and dynamic allocation – are applied, and their implications are quantified. However, aside from realistic simulation models, simpler tools for assessing the economic viability of RECs are also required. Such tools may support the rapid diffusion of energy community concepts since potential participants are enabled to quantify financial benefits. For this purpose, an estimation model that requires no fine-grained load/generation profiles or significant computing power is presented. Since such a tool is only useful if the estimation still generates realistic outputs, its accuracy is evaluated by comparing the results it yields to those of the simulation. The calculations are conducted for a fictitious REC of ten single-family dwellings, of which five are equipped with a rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system. The results show that dynamic allocation increases the efficiency of electricity use compared to static allocation, thus benefitting all participants since the local electricity consumption is increased by 10% on average. Comparing the results of the simulation and the estimation allows to conclude that a realistic assessment of an EC’s profitability can indeed be provided with proper assumptions.

Symposium Title: Cognitive Resources in Affective States and After Brain Damage

The conditions for economic motivation for cost-effective use of resources are a prime requirement if an organization needs to implement energy-saving technologies, regardless of its purpose and type of activity. Energy-saving methods must be applied both at the technical level, and the system (management) level. The basis of energy saving is the systematic implementation of a set of technical and technological measures, which should be preceded by the optimization of organizations’ energy consumption at the system level. The chapter uses a rank analysis to show the efficiency of approximating the electricity consumption at the units of mining enterprises. The interval estimation procedure allowed for the identification and grading the mining enterprise units, revealing those with the abnormal electricity consumption. The trend of time series of relative electricity consumption for each facility is calculated. The chapter uses the results of calculations containing the health index figures for electricity consumption to establish facilities that require a priority in-depth energy inspection. This chapter focuses on the development of a methodology for timely identification of priority units for an in-depth energy survey for the implementation of energy saving projects and increasing the efficiency of electricity use in mining enterprises as objects of technocenosis.

Drivers of CO2 emissions from electricity generation in the European Union 2000–2015

Carbon emissions from electricity generation in the EU have dropped from 1198 MtCO2 in 2000 to 970 MtCO2 in 2015, after an initial increase to 1304 MtCO2 in 2007. This pattern reversal is not only explained by socioeconomic drivers (an initial period of robust economic growth followed by weaker growth) but by profound shifts in the energy system. This study quantitatively evaluates the drivers of carbon emissions from EU electricity generation during two subperiods, 2000–2007 and 2007–2015. In 2000–2007 the main drivers of the decrease in carbon emissions were changes in the fossil fuel mix (replacement of coal by gas) and improvements in the efficiency of electricity use. In 2007–2015 the main drivers of the decrease in carbon emissions were the expansion of renewable electricity, improvements in the efficiency of fossil electricity production and improvements in the efficiency of electricity use. There is significant variation in the drivers of change among countries. The authors expect the continued expansion of renewables to balance economic growth in the future.

Is the energy efficiency improvement conducive to the saving of residential electricity consumption in China?

The urbanization process and the continuous upgrading of consumption structure have driven the rapid growth of China’s residential electricity consumption, making it urgent to strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction in the residential sector. Improving the efficiency of electricity use is an effective method to reduce the consumption of electricity, but the rebound effect (RE) also emerges. Is it still conducive to saving electricity? In response to this question, this article selects the relevant data in China during 2010–2016 to construct the panel linear model and the panel threshold model respectively to analyze the direct RE of residential electricity consumption. The results show that: (1) The average RE of China’s residential electricity use is 84.94%. It indicates that energy efficiency improvement can lower residents’ electricity use, but only 15.06% of the expected target can be achieved. (2) The direct RE in high-income regime (PGDP>76023.67) and low-income regime (PGDP≤76023.67) is 59.15% and 80.79% respectively, meaning that energy efficiency measures in the high-income regime are more effective. (3) The direct RE in the high-population regime (POP>6083.28) and low-population regime (POP≤6083.68) is 120.09% and 83.91% respectively, indicating that energy efficiency improvement in the high-population regime has intensified residents’ electricity consumption. Therefore, to maximum energy saving effect, the government should take the inter-provincial heterogeneity of the RE into consideration and introduce market-oriented measures such as price and tax to restrain it.

Development of a resource-process approach to increasing the efficiency of electrical equipment for food production

Specific indicators of heat and electric power consumption per unit of food production have object-oriented properties, since they are determined on the basis of methods that are suitable only for a particular enterprise. It is shown that the system approach is the main approach to increasing the efficiency and reliability of electrical equipment. The concept of increasing the efficiency of the use of electrotechnical equipment of food production by optimizing machine time is proposed. Methods for optimizing machine time for equipment utilization using a resource-process approach are developed. It is practically proved that by combining successive Gantt charts along the time axis from right to left, one can significantly reduce machine time for transferring raw materials. Thanks to the resource-process optimization, it became possible to significantly reduce the execution time of part of the technological task. Such a technique should be applied separately for all technological units that are consumers or sources of raw materials, followed by creating an integrated mathematical model and subsequent optimization. As a result of testing the proposed method, energy saving was achieved by optimizing the time of use of the electrical equipment of the baking enterprise. It is found that due to reducing the significant total idle time of electric motors, inappropriate heating, cooling of furnaces and compressor operation, the efficiency of electricity use in food production is increased

Perancangan dan Pembuatan Sistem Penyalaan Lampu Otomatis Dalam Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Menggunakan Sensor Gerak dan Sensor Cahaya

The manual use of household lights poses a problem in the efficiency of electricity use. Humans with various activities often do not pay attention to the condition of the lights in the room whether it lights up or not. This is certainly a waste of electricity when they leave the room without turning off the switch. Therefore, researchers propose an automation system that can save electricity from lighting. In designing the system there are two sensors used, namely Passive Infra Red (PIR) sensor and Light Dependent Resistror (LDR) sensor. PIR functions to detect the presence of human movements (objects) in the sensor work area, while the LDR sensor functions to detect the intensity of light around the room. The results of the system testing are that the PIR sensor works well around ± 2 minutes after the device is activated and the LDR Sensor will continuously measure the value of light intensity then turn on and off the light according to the programmed

Perancangan dan Pembuatan Sistem Penyalaan Lampu Otomatis Dalam Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Menggunakan Sensor Gerak dan Sensor Cahaya

The manual use of household lights poses a problem in the efficiency of electricity use. Humans with various activities often do not pay attention to the condition of the lights in the room whether it lights up or not. This is certainly a waste of electricity when they leave the room without turning off the switch. Therefore, researchers propose an automation system that can save electricity from lighting. In designing the system there are two sensors used, namely Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor and Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor. PIR functions to detect the presence of human movements (objects) in the sensor work area, while the LDR sensor functions to detect the intensity of light around the room. The results of the system testing are that the PIR sensor works well around ± 2 minutes after the device is activated and the LDR Sensor will continuously measure the value of light intensity then turn on and off the light according to the programmed command.

APPLICATION OF HOME LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM USING ARDUINO WITH MOBILE BASED WIFI MEDIA

Nowadays, technology development encourage people to think creatively, not not only to explore new discoveries, but also to maximize existing technological performance to ease human work in everyday life. The need for an automatic control system is needed with the increasing activity of each individual community with various erratic activities and times. As a result, many activities in the household are delayed, such as turning on or turning off the lights in every room at night and in the morning. Smart home system is one solution that suits the needs of the current automatic controllers. Smart home system is a home or building is equipped with an integrated technology with the help of the tool/tools which can be a computer or other device, for example a smartphone to provide all the comfort, safety, security and energy saving is automatic and programmed. The smart home system can be used to control almost all equipment and equipment at home, from lighting settings to various household appliances, which can be done only by using sound, infrared light or remote control. In this study, a smart home system was created for home light control system applications using Arduino Uno microcontroller via mobile-based wifi media. With this application the user can control the home lights by turning off or turning on the home lights remotely through the mobile media. Thus the efficiency of electricity use becomes more maintained.

Electricity subsidy reform in Indonesia: Demand-side effects on electricity use

Indonesia's budget has for years been burdened by large subsidies for electricity consumption. A series of recent reforms has delivered a substantial reduction in these subsidies. In this paper we estimate demand-side effects of these reforms on electricity use. Our analysis utilizes a three-dimensional dataset covering six consumer groups, 16 regions, and 1992–2015. We control for various fixed effects, and use an instrumental variable approach. Our estimates suggest that subsidy reductions since 2013 had induced savings in annual electricity use of around 7% relative to the no-reform counterfactual as of 2015. The phase-out of remaining subsidies has the potential to generate further improvements in the efficiency of electricity use, while freeing up resources for other priorities such as infrastructure spending.

KAJIAN SUMBER ENERGI PADA PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) DI PT. ALNO AGRO UTAMA SUMINDO OIL MILL, BENGKULU UTARA

Increasing demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as the vegetable oil was causing the industry to cultivate palm oil increased, so that the energy required to produce CPO also increased. The purpose of this study is to identify the type, source and calculate the amount of energy needs, calculate the level of efficiency and energy savings opportunities. Stages of the research are initial energy analysis, a detailed energy, and energy analysis in processing systems. Based on the research results, to produce each kg of CPO processing capacity of 60 ton TBS / hour with a recovery rate of 20.59% of primary energy needs of 16.200679 MJ / kg. Real boiler efficiency of 45.69%, the real efficiency of the turbine was 94, 86%. Turbine efficiency to generate electrical energy by 1.09%, the technical efficiency of 66.80% turbines, diesel generators technical efficiency of 47.25%, the technical efficiency of electric motors by 59.37%. The total efficiency of electricity use by 4,75%, the efficiency of diesel estate of 1.379% and the efficiency of the use of steam at 93.77%. Energy can be saved by 0.0442 MJ / kg with a description of human powered energy of 0.0004316 MJ / kg, energy electrical energy by .04372 MJ / kg. While energy can be stored on the excess energy to fuel biomass boiler was 1.45 MJ / kg

Effects of different cooling methods on the carbon footprint of cooked rice

Global warming has become a serious problem facing the international community. All countries strive to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The food system produces a large amount of GHGs, and thus study of the carbon footprint (CF) in the food industry has attracted the attention of researchers. Based on the lifecycle assessment (LCA) method, the present study calculated CFs of cooling of cooked rice, as a unit operation under different operational conditions. The results showed that the carbon footprints for cooling 200 g cooked rice were 54.36 ± 1.07 gCO2eq for refrigerator cooling at 0 °C, 66.05 ± 2.00 g CO2eq for refrigerator cooling at 8 °C, 741.55 ± 27.26 g CO2eq for vacuum cooling, 1914.10 ± 141.24 g CO2eq for air blast cooling at 0 °C, 2463.61 ± 221.21 g CO2eq for air blast cooling at 3 °C, and 3916.54 ± 202.28 g CO2eq for air blast cooling at 8 °C. In addition, the CF for the cooling process was positively correlated with the output power of equipment and the cooling time. The carbon emissions arising from electricity consumption contributed to most of the CF for the cooling process. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters for the CF for the cooling process revealed that the CF of cooling process was stable for the applied equipment emission factor, but sensitive to the efficiency of electricity use and the extent of load. Improving the efficiency of electricity use and increasing cooling load could reduce the final CF of a product.

Short-run and the long-run effects of electricity price on electricity intensity across regions

Global electricity consumption has increased rapidly in recent years. Improving the efficiency of electricity use as an alternative and/or complement to the construction of new power plants has received recent attention because of the potential environmental harm and high cost of constructing new power facilities. The objective of our research is to determine the effects of electricity price on electricity intensity in the manufacturing sector with particular focus on how this relationship changes over space and time. As a case study, we developed a simultaneous-equations system for a three-input production function using 108months of panel data (January 2004 – December 2012) over 16 regions in South Korea. We found that increases in electricity price improved electricity intensity in South Korea’s manufacturing sector in the long run, but not in the short run. The effects of electricity-price increases on electricity intensity varied over time and space. The differences may have resulted from different degrees of (1) substitutability of electricity-consuming equipment between the short and long runs, (2) price impact on electricity demand and manufacturing output in the regions’ manufacturing sectors, and (3) technology improvement in manufacturing that allows substituting or replacing electricity-consuming equipment with high efficiency and lesspower consumption. Our findings imply that electricity-price management can be a potential policy tool to improve electricity intensity in the manufacturing sectors of countries with government-controlled electricity prices, with the following caveats. First, electricity price increases are likely to be effective as a long-term tool, but may not be as effective in the short run with some regional exceptions. Second, electricity price increases may hinder electricity-use efficiency in regions characterized by manufacturing sectors where price increases reduce manufacturing output more than they reduce electricity demand.

Approach for the development of multi-agent system for future energy efficient transportation system employing smart grids & sustainable energy

Driven by the increasing of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the utilisation of fossil fuels, particularly in transportation sector, and the shortage of fossil fuels itself, the development of future transportation system utilises electricity would be necessary. This development would significantly increase demand in power systems. Moreover, differences in characteristics, technologies and behaviour of electric vehicles users make it difficult to manage the demand and the efficiency of electricity use. Hence, an intelligent power system, smart grid system, would be needed to address these issues. Besides, implementing smart grids is expected to be a method to move toward utilisation of sustainable energy resources. However, despite many advantages promised by smart grid implementation, sophisticated criteria for steady and reliable power and transportation system challenges the implementation of smart grid. Therefore, in order to achieve future energy efficient transportation systems employing smart grids and sustainable energy, an organized approach is required. Thus, this paper describes an approach to develop multi-agent model which is expected to intelligently organise all the data and information, analyse and act based on the information in order to establish future energy efficient transportation system using smart grids and sustainable energy.

SAVING ENERGY THROUGH BETTER INFORMATION: A NEW ENERGY PARADIGM?

For the past 40 years, governments, utilities, and private companies have developed increasingly efficient appliances for household use and governments have initiated policies to encourage the deployment of these technologies. To the credit of these activities, we have improved the efficiency of electricity use in the United States, but it has not been enough to overcome the increasing demand from proliferation of electricity‐using devices. In addition, penetration rates for some types of efficient equipment have remained relatively low in certain regions. U.S. electricity demand thus continues to grow. In this paper, we argue that to achieve significantly greater efficiency improvements needed to meet future demand for energy services, we should provide more information to consumers about their energy use and give them more control over this use. While more studies are needed to assess just how far these types of measures can take us, there is enough evidence to show that with better information, consumers often make choices that reduce energy use.

Electrical Distribution Systems for Commercial Reference Building Models

AbstractCommercial and residential buildings consume approximately 40% of the total energy in the United States and use approximately 70% of the electricity. The electrical energy efficiency of the buildings sector thus plays a vital role in reducing energy use, peak demand, and greenhouse gas emissions. Maximizing the efficiency of electricity use is a key priority for high-performance buildings; however, to date, electrical distribution systems have received little attention. Rather, the focus has been on broad categories of end-use devices. As a result, a relatively small body of literature relates to the energy efficiency of electrical distribution in commercial buildings. Understanding this system and its components will help us examine its efficiency in significantly more detail. This paper describes the determination of an electrical distribution system for a commercial reference building model (CRBM). The purpose of the CRBM project was to develop standard or reference building energy models for t...

Energy audit and prospective energy conservation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the efficiency of electricity use and potential of electricity reduction at 12 residential colleges located at University of Malaya Campus, Kuala Lumpur.Design/methodology/approachThe work presented applies an energy audit when energy consumption data were collected and analysed for a five‐year period. The total savings of electricity used at residential colleges were identified through the difference between average total energy use in a year (kWh) and minimum electricity usage.FindingsThe study finds that residential colleges with special features of building layout and arrangement performed better with regard to electricity consumption due to the prior group's superior utilisation of day lighting and natural ventilation. The floor area of the rooms, volume, density, enclosure and facade design, including window design, window area, and window‐to‐wall ratio also influenced the total electricity usage of the residential college buildings. Also, through adaptation of the corridor area to include more natural ventilation and daylight, approximately 40 to 90 percent of average electricity usage could be conserved in a year.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology is limited to energy audit for a five‐year period of metered data and walk‐through analysis.Practical implicationsThe findings raised some issues related to thermal comfort of the residents.Originality/valueThe study can be used as baseline data for a tropical region particularly on current electricity usage and potential of energy conservation in residential building.