Dye Removal Efficiency Research Articles

Synergizing Monte Carlo simulations and experimental insights for efficient cationic dye removal using natural fluorapatite.

Natural fluorapatite (FAP) has been investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. Effective dye removal is crucial for water treatment, particularly for industrial wastewater containing toxic dyes. FAP, a naturally abundant material, was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis. The maximum adsorption efficiency achieved was 97% (23 mg/g) for CV and 95% (13 mg/g) for MB under optimal conditions within an equilibrium time of 50 min. The adsorption capacity increased with the ionic strength of the dye solution, reaching 35 mg/g for CV and 28 mg/g for MB. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption of CV and MB is well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999) and fits the Freundlich model significantly, with an R2 = 0.99 for both studied molecules. The thermodynamic analysis (ΔH° = 22.647 and 14.907 kJ.mol-1, ΔS° = 88.627 and 47.330 J.mol-1.K-1 for CV and MB, respectively) revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, with significant randomness at the adsorbent-adsorbate interface. However, desorption and regeneration tests showed that the efficiency of FAP decreases upon reuse. Despite this, the abundance of natural FAP balances its drawbacks. MD simulations confirmed that adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous, especially in basic conditions, where Van der Waals interactions dominate. These findings suggest that natural FAP has significant potential for dye removal in wastewater treatment applications. The effects of various parameters, including dye concentration, temperature, adsorbent mass, and pH, on the adsorption capacity of FAP were studied. Experimental conditions included an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, adsorbent mass of 1 g/L, pH of 12, and temperature of 298 K. The Freundlich model was used to describe the adsorption process, while MD simulations provided insights into the adsorption mechanism.

Eco-Friendly Biosorbents from Biopolymers and Food Waste for Efficient Dye Removal from Wastewater

Eco-Friendly Biosorbents from Biopolymers and Food Waste for Efficient Dye Removal from Wastewater

Electrospun nanofiber chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol loaded with metal organic framework nanofiber for efficient adsorption and removal of industrial dyes from waste water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, and optimization via Box-Behnken design.

Dyes can seriously harm human health because they linger or break down in the environment and find their way into drinking water through the water cycle. Examples of the most important interactions between MOFs and dyes are provided, and an effort is made to comprehend how surface charge and size compatibility affect the adsorption process. The methods for incorporating functionalized Ce-MOF into electrospun nanofibers made of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan to create functionalized cerium metal organic framework nanofiber membranes (FCCP nanofiber membranes) are presented in this paper. A number of techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, SEM mapping, and EDX, were used to successfully manufacture and analyze the adsorbent. Examine the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, starting concentration, contact time, and thermodynamics on the adsorption process of malachite green dye (MG) onto FCCP nanofiber membrane. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order adsorption processes were fitted. The adsorption process was chemisorption, as shown by the adsorption energy of 31.6kJ/mol. Examine the adsorption mechanism, which may involve electrostatic interaction, pore filling, and π-π interaction. The increase in MG dye absorption at higher temperatures suggests an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. For the MG dye solution, the ideal adsorption parameters were determined using the Box-Behnken design software to be pH8, a dosage of 0.2g of FCCP nanofiber membrane per 25mL, and an adsorption capacity of 359.2mg/g. These elements are necessary for the composite sponge to be utilized in water purification processes and to be the most successful at adsorbing arsenate. Applying the Box-Behnken design and response surface approach features of the Design-Expert software successfully enhanced the adsorption process with a small number of planned tests. The stability of the adsorbent was confirmed by an investigation of its reusability using six consecutive cycles of adsorption and desorption, which revealed no appreciable drop in removal effectiveness. It also demonstrated consistent efficiency, preserved homogeneous XRD data, and kept its original chemical composition both before and after reuse.

Optimizing ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid extraction for an efficient removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater

Optimizing ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid extraction for an efficient removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater

Clew-like Cu2O/CuO Microsphere Adsorbents for Highly Efficient Anionic Dye Removal.

Adsorbents with high selectivity and adsorption capacity are of significant interest for the removal of dye pollutants. Herein, we report a facile low-temperature solvothermal synthesis of clew-like Cu2O/CuO microspheres by using cupric acetate monohydrate as the copper resource and ethylene glycol as the solvent and morphology modulator. The synthesized Cu2O/CuO microspheres showed high selective adsorption to anionic dyes (e.g., methyl orange (MO) and Reactive Red 2 (RR2)) rather than to cationic dyes (e.g., methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB)). MO was then selected to evaluate the parameters of adsorption due to the adsorbent exhibiting the highest adsorption capacity for MO. We demonstrate that the adsorption of MO by Cu2O/CuO microspheres has a good correlation with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 826.45 mg/g, which is higher than that of previously reported metal oxide material adsorbents. The excellent adsorption ability of clew-like Cu2O/CuO microspheres to MO may be attributed to the synergistic effects of electrostatic attraction, unique hierarchical structure, and crystal defects of the prepared Cu2O/CuO microspheres. We believe our work provides new insight into the synthesis of high-performance adsorbents.

Green synthesis of Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using fungal filtrates: unlocking multifunctional medical and environmental applications.

The current investigation focuses on synthesizing Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (AgFe-BMNPs) using cell-free filtrates of the Gymnascella dankaliensis as a novel fungal reducing agent. The optical, morphological, and surface properties of these fungus-fabricated AgFe-BMNPs and their monometallic counterparts (AgNPs and FeNPs) were analyzed using sophisticated nanotechnology instruments. The UV-visible spectrum showed peaks at 231 nm and 415 nm for BMNPs and 450 nm and 386 nm for AgNPs and FeNPs, respectively. XRD diffractograms revealed crystallographic peaks at 32.96°, 35.32°, and 49.32° for AgFe-BMNPs with crystalline size of 10.68 nm. FTIR spectrum indicates peaks at 954 cm-1 (M-O bond) and 599 cm-1 (M-C\M-L bond). Agglomerated, spherical BMNPs with a mean size of 96.76 nm were spotted in SEM micrographs. The BMNPs were tested for anticancer and antibacterial activities, dye removal efficiency, and seed germination enhancement. The anticancer study found that AgFe-BMNPs hold promising potential for application in breast cancer therapy with a 1 μg mL-1 IC50 value. It also exhibited potent antibacterial activity with a 50 μg mL-1 concentration against Bacillus cereus,Serratia marcescens, Bacillus megaterium, and Staphylococcus aureus. A comparative batch adsorption study for methylene blue dye removal over 180 min showed removal capabilities of 89% for BMNPs. Different concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.08 mg mL-1) of BMNPs also demonstrated superior efficiency up to 90% enhanced seed germination at the 6 h mark and 91.87% enhanced water retention capacity in Vigna radiata. This research underscores the medical, environmental, and agricultural potential of AgFe-BMNPs, highlighting their multifaceted benefits in nanotechnology.

Highly efficient and rapid removal of Congo red dye from textile wastewater using facile synthesized Mg/Ni/Al layered double hydroxide

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are compounds with unique structures of hydroxide functional groups on their surfaces, and they have the proper arrangement of divalent and trivalent cations to adjust their unique catalytic actions. LDH was synthesized utilizing the co-precipitation technique and was thermally treated at 300 °C. The prepared compounds were chemically and structurally elucidated using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, BET, TG-DTA, and XPS characterization. We found that the thermal treatment of the prepared magnesium/nickel-LDH resulted in dehydration and dehydroxylation in its chemical structure. The crystallinity, the surface area, and the pore volume of the formed meso- and micropores were improved considerably after the thermal treatment. The efficiency of the uptake process was increased from 84 to 97% after the thermal treatment process, and the adsorption process tracked the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The kinetics indicated the occurrence of three stages, and the diffusion of dye molecules into the pores was the rate-determining step. Different real water sample treatments showed the applicability of the thermally treated Mg/Ni/Al-LDH in the treatment process under optimized conditions. The presented mechanism of the uptake process using the prepared compounds comprises several interactions between the dye molecules and the thermally treated Mg/Ni/Al-LDH. The study presented the new application for Mg/Ni/Al-LDH in the as-prepared and thermally treated forms to uptake Congo-red (CR) dye from textile effluents.

Mixed Metal Oxide Derived from Polyoxometalate-Based Metal–Organic Framework as a Bi-Functional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment

The efficient removal of dyes and Cr(VI) from wastewater is imperative. Therefore, a mixed metal oxide CuMoV(450) derived from a polyoxometalate-based metal–organic framework (POMOF) [Cu(2,2′-bipy)][Cu(2,2′-bipy)2]2[PMo8V6O42]•2H2O (CuMoV) was synthesized by calcination, fully characterized by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, and SEM methods, and explored for the heterogeneous catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and the catalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous media over NaBH4 under mild conditions. The removal rates for MB and Cr(VI) were 95.9% (30 min) and 96.5% (2.0 min), respectively. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of MB degradation and Cr(VI) reduction were 0.093 min−1 and 1.536 min−1, respectively. The highly catalytic reusability of CuMoV(450) was confirmed by the recycling experiments. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of MB degradation and Cr(VI) reduction were proposed. The catalytic activities of CuMoV(450) were much better than those of its parent compound CuMoV, proving that POMOFs were good candidates for the preparation of mixed metal oxides with excellent catalytic performances. This work not only indicates that CuMoV(450) has the potential to be a satisfied catalyst for wastewater remediation via catalytic degradation and reduction, but also gives a clue to synthesize mixed metal oxides with excellent catalytic properties by the calcination of POMOFs.

Polypyrrole/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposite for the Removal of Basic Blue 3 Dye From Wastewater: Kinetic, Adsorption Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Study

ABSTRACTWater contamination constitutes a substantial global issue that affects the environment. Adsorption materials have demonstrated huge potential in wastewater treatment. For the efficient removal of a cationic dye, basic blue 3 (BB3), a polypyrrole‐coated cobalt ferrite (PPy@CoFe2O4) magnetic nanosorbent is prepared via in situ polymerization of pyrrole on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated spherical nanoparticles with sizes around 50 nm, which was further supported by XRD data. Zeta‐potential study showed that the surface charge of PPy@CoFe2O4 is negative in alkaline media and positive in acidic media. The adsorption system adhered to a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, with the equilibrium time being determined at 50 min. The Langmuir model accurately simulated the adsorption isotherms. Under optimal conditions (pH—8.0, volume—30 mL, adsorbent dose—0.67 g/L, and at 303 K temperature), the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of PPy/CoFe2O4 is 130.1 mg g−1. Even after five desorption–adsorption cycles, the removal efficiency remained above 92%. Negative ΔG° and ΔH° indicate spontaneous BB3 adsorption onto PPy/CoFe2O4, decreasing with temperature. These findings demonstrate that the PPy/CoFe2O4 composite is a highly effective adsorbent with broad potential applications for treating wastewater containing cationic dye.

Dye removal from textile wastewater using scoria-based of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland system

Textile wastewater poses significant risks if discharged untreated, especially due to the presence of synthetic dyes, salts, and heavy metals. As a result, constructed wetlands have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable textile wastewater management. In this context, this study evaluates a micro-scale vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSSFCW) for treating textile wastewater. Specifically, the experimental setup consisted of two microcosm units, each with a depth of 32 cm and a diameter of 24 cm, which were filled with scoria media. One unit was planted with Vetiver grass, while the other was left unplanted. Furthermore, the experiment was conducted with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. Additionally, the scoria media was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, CEC, and pH analyses, which revealed notable changes in both functional groups and surface morphology. The scoria was found to have a CEC of 12 meq/100 g and a pH of 8.86, both of which facilitated pollutant removal. Moreover, the textile wastewater that was fed into the VSSFCW systems contained dye concentrations ranging from 39.41 to 45.29 mg/L throughout the study period. As a result of this setup, the dye removal efficiency in both wetland cells increased over time. Notably, the VSSFCW planted with Vetiver grass achieved a higher dye removal efficiency (84%) compared to the unplanted system (80%). These findings, therefore, demonstrate that the VSSFCW consistently meets wastewater standards, representing a low-cost, decentralized solution to address textile pollution, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. In conclusion, the synergy between the scoria media and Vetiver grass proved highly effective in treating textile wastewater.

Modification of bismuth-rich to synthesize floral spherical Z-type heterojunction CoAl2O4/Bi4O5Br2 photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: DFT calculations, toxicity assessment

Strategies were employed to boost responsiveness to visible light to augment the elimination of water-borne organic contaminants and mitigate the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Herein, a floral spherical CoAl2O4/Bi4O5Br2 Z-scheme heterojunction was effectively produced through in-situ construction, followed by an evaluation of its photocatalytic activity against tetracycline hydrochloride. The best-prepared photocatalyst CoAl2O4/Bi4O5Br2 showed good photodegradation performance (91.5%) under visible light. In addition, it exhibits good removal efficiency for other antibiotics and dyes, and the prepared catalyst demonstrates favorable stability. The accomplishment of fabricating the CoAl2O4/Bi4O5Br2 heterojunction, along with the photogenerated carrier relay mechanism conforming to a Z-scheme process, was substantiated through a variety of analytical techniques and DFT calculations. Within the engineered Z-scheme heterojunction of CoAl2O4/Bi4O5Br2, an intrinsic electric field facilitates the direct shuttling of photo-induced charges from Bi4O5Br2's conduction band to CoAl2O4's valence band. Simultaneously, this electric field formation serves to diminish the recombination rate of electrons and holes. Finally, possible degradation pathways were proposed, and the intermediates were evaluated for toxicity. The results indicate that the construction of CoAl2O4/Bi4O5Br2 heterojunction is a feasible pathway for the effective degradation of antibiotics.

Efficient construction of high-quality sulfonated porous aromatic frameworks by optimizing the swelling state of porous structures.

Conventional post-modification methods usually face the fundamental challenge of balancing the high content of functional groups and large surface area for porous organic polymers (POPs). The reason, presumably, stems from ineffective and insufficient swelling of the porous structure of POP materials, which is detrimental to mass transfer and modification of functional groups, especially with large-sized ones. It is important to note that significant differences exist in the porous structures of POP materials in a solvent-free state after thermal activation and solvent swelling state. Herein, we propose that the improvement of the swelling state of the porous structure of POP materials is more conducive to obtaining high-quality sulfonated POP materials, and employ a one-pot modification strategy for preparing sulfonated porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) to prove the proposal. These results show that the specific surface area of the resulting polymer is 580 m2 g-1 with a sulfur content of up to 13.2 wt%, which is superior to most sulfonated porous materials and the control sample. More importantly, we have also shown that the same conclusion is reached by performing similar treatments on hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) and conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), proving that our hypothesis is effective and feasible when compared to the conventional post-sulfonation method. The excellent hydrophilicity, rich content of sulfonic acid groups, high specific surface area and hierarchical pore structure make the resulting polymer an ideal adsorbent for micro-pollutants in water. The maximum adsorption capacities for Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene Blue (MB), Tetracycline (TC) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) are 1075 mg g-1, 1020 mg g-1, 826 mg g-1 and 1134 mg g-1, respectively. This study not only demonstrates the preparation of efficient sulfonated porous adsorbents for the efficient removal of cationic dyes and antibiotics but also illustrates an effective method for constructing high-quality functional POP materials by optimizing the swelling state of the porous structure.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/TiO2/Chitosan nanocomposite for efficient removal of malachite green dye from aqueous system: A comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation.

This study presents the preparation, characterization, and application of a novel Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/TiO2/chitosan (MWCNT/TiO2/CS) nanocomposite, prepared using a hydrothermal method, for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies revealed optimal dye removal within 15min of adsorption equilibrium time, with maximum removal efficiency of 98.53% at pH7.0, dose 0.4g/L and 298K. Isotherm studies showed the Langmuir model best described the adsorption equilibrium data with maximum monolayer adsorption (qm) value was found to be 269.98mg/g at 298K. Kinetic analyses favored the pseudo-second-order model with qcal value was found to be 201.6mg/g at Co=100mg/L. Thermodynamic investigations indicated an exothermic, spontaneous adsorption process. Seven successful adsorption-desorption cycles were achieved using HCl as an eluent (97.65% desorption). Theoretical reactivity parameters derived from DFT calculations corroborated experimental findings, elucidating the molecular-level mechanisms underlying the efficient adsorption of MG onto the MWCNT/TiO2/CS surface. The strong electrophilic nature and electron-accepting character of the MG molecule, along with its ability to form electronic interactions, explain its high adsorption affinity. These findings demonstrate the potential of MWCNT/TiO2/CS nanocomposite as an effective and sustainable solution for MG dye removal from aqueous environments.

Innovative applications of MXenes in dialysis: enhancing filtration efficiency.

MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, exhibit exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for various dialysis applications. One prominent application of MXenes lies in the efficient removal of toxic metals and harmful dyes from wastewater. Their unique structure allows for rapid adsorption and selective separation, significantly improving purification processes. MXenes show great promise in the therapeutic management of acute kidney injury, where their biocompatibility and ability to facilitate toxin removal can mitigate damage to renal tissues. In hemodialysis, MXenes can enhance membrane performance through improved permeability and selectivity, leading to more effective clearance of waste products. Despite the potential of MXene-based composites in dialysis applications, several challenges loom large on the horizon. The stability of MXenes in physiological environments is a critical concern, as they can undergo oxidation or degradation, which may compromise their functionality over time. The scalability of synthesis processes remains a significant barrier; producing high-quality MXene materials in sufficient quantities for clinical use is not yet fully realized. Moreover, ensuring biocompatibility is paramount, as any adverse reactions could lead to inflammation or other complications in patients. The integration of MXenes into existing dialysis systems requires meticulous engineering to maintain optimal filtration properties while avoiding clogging or fouling. The future of MXenes and their composites in dialysis presents a promising horizon, teeming with potential innovations. The development of hybrid materials that utilize MXenes alongside other nanomaterials can lead to multifunctional systems, capable of addressing multiple challenges faced in dialysis treatments. Advancements in fabrication techniques may allow for tailored porosity, enabling customized dialysis solutions for individual patients. Research into surface modifications and composites can enhance their stability and functionality, potentially overcoming current limitations. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of MXenes in dialysis, highlighting their applications, challenges, and future directions. This review explores the diverse applications of MXenes in the field of dialysis, focusing on their roles in the removal of toxic metals and dyes, therapy for acute kidney injury, and hemodialysis enhancement.

High dye removal and H2O2 production efficiency of KOH-activated bagasse cellulose carbon aerogel-ZnO composite material

High dye removal and H2O2 production efficiency of KOH-activated bagasse cellulose carbon aerogel-ZnO composite material

Graphene Oxide-Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiltration Membranes for Efficient Dye Removal in Practical Conditions

Graphene Oxide-Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiltration Membranes for Efficient Dye Removal in Practical Conditions

Dye removal efficiency of three fungal isolates using green-synthesized silver nanoparticles. A comparative study

The present study focused on the isolation, characterization, and utilization of fungal species from the Koya district in Iraq for Dye removal purposes. The study involved the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using three isolates fungal (Fusarium, Mucor, and Cladosporium). Characterization techniques included X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The biofabricated AgNPs demonstrated substantial adsorption capabilities, efficiently removing different dyes from aqueous media within 1 hour, with Fusarium begonia showing the highest removal rates (89.5–98.3%) that indicates that the AgNPs demonstrated sustainable adsorption capacity, making them effective in the context of the study. In conclusion, this study underscores the significant impact of diverse growth conditions on biomass growth in various fungal species. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of fungal isolates, fungal powder, and biosynthesized AgNPs in environmentally friendly and efficient approaches for the removal of diverse dyes, paving the way for their application in environmental remediation procedures.

Development and Characterization of an Eco-friendly Stishovite Clay-manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite for Efficient Dye Removal from Wastewater

Development and Characterization of an Eco-friendly Stishovite Clay-manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite for Efficient Dye Removal from Wastewater

Synthesis and Characterization of Oxidized Starch-Montmorillonite Composite for Efficient Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions

An effective adsorbent was synthesized by modifying Montmorillonite (MMT) clay with oxidized starch, aiming to remove crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. The chemical modifications in the MMT-oxidized starch composite were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the successful integration of oxidized starch with MMT. The adsorption performance was evaluated under varying conditions, including initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. The adsorbent demonstrated a high adsorption capacity of 25.4 mg/g at pH 7 for CV dye. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the thermal stability of the synthesized material and these findings suggest that oxidized starch-MMT is a promising alternative for the efficient removal of cationic dyes like crystal violet from wastewater, with significant implications for scalable water treatment applications and broader environmental remediation efforts in both industrial and municipal settings.

Ultra-Fast Removal of CBB from Wastewater by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids-Modified Nano-Silica.

The efficient removal of dyes is of significant importance for environmental purification and human health. In this study, a novel material (Si-MPTS-IL) has been synthesized by the immobilization of imidazole ionic liquids (ILs) onto nano-silica using the radiation grafting technique. The adsorption performance of Si-MPTS-IL for Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) removal is studied by a series of static adsorption experiments. It is found that Si-MPTS-IL has ultra-fast adsorption kinetics, reaching equilibrium within 2 min. The adsorption process for CBB conforms to the Langmuir model. In addition, Si-MPTS-IL exhibits a negligible impact on the adsorption efficiency of CBB with the increase in salt concentration. After six cycles of adsorption-desorption, the adsorption efficiency of Si-MPTS-IL remained above 80%, indicating excellent regenerative properties and a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewater containing CBB. A study of the mechanism indicates that the CBB capture by Si-MPTS-IL can be attributed to the synergistic effects of electrostatic interactions and pore filling.