Efficiency Level Of Banks Research Articles

EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL BANKS AND ISLAMIC BANKS BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19

This study aims to analyze the efficiency level of conventionalcommercial banks and Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia fromthe first quarter of 2018 - the fourth quarter of 2020. This researchperiod is third year with the data used are 12 commercial banks anduses a quantitative approach. The method used in this research isStochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The results of this study are thatconventional commercial banks are more efficient than Islamiccommercial banks both before the COVID-19 pandemic and duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, more over there are differences in efficiencybetween conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercialbanks.

The impact of Covid-19 on the banking industry efficiency: Comparison between Indonesia and Malaysian banks

Purpose − This study aims to measure and compare the efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia and Malaysia, from 2015 to 2020.Methodology − Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed as a research method for measuring efficiency. The DEA results are also used to identify input or output variables that must be improved if the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) needs to improve efficiency in form of potential improvement.Findings − This study shows that Covid-19 had an impact on decreasing the efficiency level of Indonesian and Malaysian Banks. This study also shows that Indonesian Banks are relatively efficient compared to Malaysian Banks. Nevertheless, Islamic bank is more affected by Covid-19 compared to conventional. In addition, the most important variable performance to be improved by banks during the Covid-19 pandemic is total financing.Implication − It can be used as a guideline for both nations to improve their shortcomings in each type of bank and to strengthen the banking system during economic downturns in order to speed up the recovery process.Originality − This is the initial study to examine the banking efficiency of Indonesia and Malaysia during the covid pandemic-induced economic crisis. As a result, it is expected to capture the impact of the covid-19 epidemic on banking efficiency.

The efficiency level of Indonesian banks in the Covid-19 pandemic era and its determinant

Purpose – This study aims to measure the efficiency level of Indonesian Banking in the period 2015-2020, especially in the year 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic began to spread in Indonesia. In addition, the efficiency determinant was further analyzed to find some factors that affect banking efficiency.Methodology – Non-parametric approach-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit Regression were employed as the research methods to determine determinants that affect efficiency level.Findings – The findings show that the efficiency level of Indonesian Banks experienced a decreasing trend in 2020. The impact of Covid-19 on banking efficiency was also confirmed by RTS, which was included in the Decreasing Return to Scale (DRS) category. Islamic banking scored a higher score of 0.66 than conventional banking, with a score of 0.59. In addition, Indonesian Banks' most crucial variable to be improved during the pandemic is total financing. This study also found that ROA and LDR/FDR significantly affects banking efficiency. Therefore, Indonesian Banks should maintain and increase their bank profitability and financing distributions to improve their efficiency.Implication – This research can be used as guidelines for policymakers, especially bank management, to improve their weaknesses in terms of banking efficiency. Originality – This study was the first research that focuses on measuring the efficiency of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks in Indonesia during the Covid-19 and precisely measures the bank's internal factors affecting bank efficiency.

Determinants of Regional Owned Rural Banks Efficiency Level in Indonesia

The efficiency level of regional owned rural banks is one of the determinants in measuring financial performance each year. In term of local government, the measurement of the level of efficiency can be used in determining strategic policies for the development of regional owned rural banks, especially in capital participation and collaboration with fintech lending. Measuring the level of efficiency with input and output variables with 160 regional owned rural banks in Indonesia in 2020 by purposive sampling with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, 66 regional owned rural banks are found in efficient conditions. Analysis using logistic regression is used to analyze the tendency of the factors that determine the efficiency level of regional owned rural banks in Indonesia. This study found that Equity to Total Asset Ratio (EAR) and Total Assets had a positive and significant effect, while Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) factor has no significant effect on the efficiency level of regional owned rural banks in Indonesia. Therefore, in improving the performance of regional owned rural banks in Indonesia, it is necessary to have the role of local governments in capital participation and discipline in the disbursement of funds selectively to debtors.

Examining the determinants of bank efficiency in transition: empirical evidence from Ghana

This paper measures and evaluates the relative pure technical efficiency and cost-efficiency of Ghanaian banks over the period 2008–2019 using a nonparametric DEA technique. The study also examines the factors that determines bank efficiency in Ghana using both static panel and dynamic panel regression estimators. The results show that the overall average bank efficiency (pure-technical and cost) levels in Ghana are relatively low compared to the benchmark “best-practice” efficiency level of 1. However, the results indicate that there are remarkable improvements in both the pure technical efficiency and cost-efficiency levels since the coming into effect of the new banking Act in 2016. Further, the study depicts bank size, GDP growth rate and inflation to be the most important factors that must be considered in the determination of bank efficiency in Ghana. Also, bank capitalization is depicted to have a significant impact on bank cost-efficiency. In contrast, the findings reveal that return on assets (ROA), liquidity and loan loss provision are, however, not important factors in the determination of both banks pure technical and cost-efficiency. Bank capital is further depicted to have insignificant impact in the determination of bank pure technical efficiency in Ghana.

Spin-off and efficiency in Islamic banks: DEA approach

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the efficiency level of Islamic banks from spin-off and non-spinoff results and the impact of the separation policy and other factors that affect the efficiency level of Islamic banks.Methodology – This study uses a quantitative approach through data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency level of Islamic banks and the difference-in-difference approach to examine the impact of separation and other factors that affect the efficiency level of Islamic banks. Data is collected directly from each of the six Islamic banks' financial statements.Findings – The results showed no difference in the efficiency level between before and after the spin-off policy at the spin-off bank. Furthermore, it was found that the efficiency level of spin-off Islamic banks was significantly lower than that of non-spinoff Islamic banks. Implication – This result implies that the rules regarding spin-offs should be evaluated. The spin-off policy must be a corporate action and not a regulation imposed by the regulator. Merger or conversion between sharia business units can be an alternative to improve the performance of sharia banking in Indonesia. Originality – Research on the impact of Islamic bank spin-off policies is still limited. Only a few studies analyze the efficiency level of Islamic banks as a result of spin-offs by measuring data analysis. Therefore, this research will contribute to research that discusses the spin-off policy of Islamic banks, especially the impact on efficiency and the factors that affect the level of efficiency.

The Efficiency of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) in South Sulawesi

This study aims to determine the efficiency level of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) in South Sulawesi and determine what influences it. The study population is the BPRS in South Sulawesi registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The study sample used the purposive sampling method and obtained 7 BPRS in South Sulawesi. The data source comes from the quarterly financial reports of the BPRS. The analysis technique is two stages – data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results of the first stage, using DEA, found that the average efficiency of the BPRS Indo Timur, Dana Moneter, Surya Sejati, Investama Mega Bakti and Harta Insan Karimah Makassar was 1, Niaga Madani was 0.829, while Gowata was 0.993. The second stage, using Tobit regression, found that fixed assets, operating costs, and operating income showed significant results in the alpha value. Meanwhile, total savings, profit-sharing financing, and productive assets showed no significant results on the alpha value. The first stage concludes that the BPRS in South Sulawesi is not included in the efficient level. In the second stage, the variables of fixed assets, operating costs, and operating income partially affect the efficiency value of the BPRS.

Non-Performing Financing and Efficiency as Predictive Factors for Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of NPF and the efficiency level of Islamic banks on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks during the pandemic.This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of explanatory research. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis, the variables used in this study are variable X and variable Y, which includes variable X (independent variable) namely Non Performing Financing (X1) and Efficiency (X2). Variable Y (dependent variable) is Profitability.The results show that: First, partially Non-Performing Financing has an impact on the ROE of Islamic commercial banks, but the efficiency level of Islamic banks does not have an impact on ROE. Second, Simultaneously Non-Performing Financing and the efficiency level of Islamic commercial banks have no effect on profitability. The implication of this research is that partially NPF can be used by investors and potential investors to be used as a reference for making investment decisions.

Analysis of Efficiency Level of SRB West Java Region for the period of 2018-2020

This study aims to measure the efficiency level of Islamic Rural Bank (BPRS) using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The research is a quantitative study using secondary data. The population in this study are all BPRS in the West Java region registered with the financial services Authority as of December 2018 as many as 27. And the sample used in this study was 12. This study used an intermediation approach with orientation input and using BBC/VRS measurements. The result of this study is 1 BPRS that achieve perfect efficiency levels achieve perfect efficiency levels in constant positions base on Score (SE).

ARE CONVENTIONAL RURAL BANKS MORE EFFICIENT THAN SHARIA: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM DEA

This study examined and compared the efficiency level of conventional and Islamic rural banks. The analytical tool used was data envelopment analysis with the variable return scale approach. Furthermore, the input variables consist of total assets, third party funds, and costs. Meanwhile, the total financing and profit are the output variables from 2012 to 2019 for 15 rural banks in Aceh. The results showed conventional rural banks are more efficient than sharia. Therefore, Sharia banks need to engage in better socialization to the public. This is because 2021 is the beginning of qanun (law) of Islamic financial institutions enactment, which obliges change in shape to the sharia pattern. Also, universities are expected to open a study program on sharia bank as a rudiment for human resources in the future. Therefore, the study to compare conventional and sharia rural bank per province in Indonesia is important.

EFISIENSI PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

The research was conducted on the banking sector in Indonesia, especially Islamic banking. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of efficiency of Islamic banking in Indonesia.Based on the predetermined sample criteria, 17 banks were obtained consisting of 3 BUS and 14 UUS which will be used as samples. The tool used to calculate the level of efficiency is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In measuring the efficiency level of Islamic banks, this study uses an intermediation approach. The input variables used to calculate the efficiency of Islamic banks are fixed assets, third party funds and staffing expenses. The output variables used are the amount of credit granted, profit and the amount of liquid assets. From the analysis that has been done, it is known that the average efficiency score of Islamic banking in Indonesia is 0.82 with an increasing trend. This illustrates that the condition of Islamic banking in Indonesia is experiencing positive growth but has not yet fully operated efficiently.

Determinants Of Banking Efficiency For Commercial Banks In Indonesia: Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

This study measured and analyzed the determinants of banking efficiency for commercial banks in Indonesia using the Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis approach within 2015-2019 period. The object in this study is commercial banks which are included in the group 4 banks category consisting of 7 conventional commercial banks. The first stage measured level of bank efficiency by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). BNI in 2015 and BCA during the period 2015 to 2019 shows inefficient on managing the resources. The second stage is analyzed the factors that have an influence in achieving the level of bank efficiency using the Tobit model which shows that Operational Cost and Operational Revenue (BOPO), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), and Non Performing Loans (NPL) have a significant effect on bank efficiency. Meanwhile, the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) have no significant impact on bank efficiency.

Analysis Efficiency of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia

Indonesia has the potential to become a leader in the development of the Islamic financial market in the world with majority population is Muslim. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has caused decrease in economic growth. However, the distribution of financing by Islamic banks in 2020 increased. With the current progress of the Islamic banking institution in Indonesia, it is necessary to estimation the efficiency level of Islamic banks and the impact of technology on the efficiency of Islamic banks. This research will analyze the efficiency from sharia commercial bank and the effect of internal factors and technology on efficiency. This research will used annual data from sharia commercial bank in 2014 to 2020. To analyze of efficiency will be used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and used Tobit method to analyze the effect of internal factors and technology on efficiency. In general, the efficiency of sharia commercial bank in Indonesia has a fluctuative tren in 2014-2020. The estimation results of tobit method is return on assets (ROA) has significantly contributing positive effects to efficiency. Meanwhile, technology has significantly contributing negative effect to efficiency.

Study of Efficiency of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia through the Role of Capital and Liquidity: Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

In measuring efficiency in a company which is also often used in the banking industry, namely the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method which compares input and output variables and is one of the optimization methods of mathematical programs. This study will examine the efficiency level of Islamic banking in Indonesia during the 2016-2020 period and see the role of capital and liquidity or their influence on the efficiency level of Islamic banking. The method used is a quantitative method using a non-parametric approach (DEA) and a parametric approach using the Tobit Regression method to see the effect of capital and liquidity. The results show that Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia have not operated efficiently based on the average efficiency score obtained by the DEA method during the period 2016 to 2020, which is 0,911. Furthermore, the results of the study show that capital and liquidity can build the efficiency level of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia.

Assessing the impact of global financial crisis on the intermediation efficiency of Indian banks in the presence of non-performing loans

PurposeBy incorporating the role of nonperforming loans (NPLs), the study aims to assess the impact of global financial crisis (GFC) on the intermediation efficiency of Indian banks for the period of 1998/99 to 2016/17.Design/methodology/approachTo obtain efficiency level of Indian banks, this study applied sequential data envelopment analysis (DEA) based directional distance function (DDF) approach, which performed simultaneous expansion of desirable output and reduction of undesirable output in the bank's loan production structure. Additionally, using fixed effect regression approach in the panel data framework, this study assesses both the phenomenon of σ- and unconditional β-efficiency convergence in public sector banks (PSBs), private banks (PBs), foreign banks (FBs) and overall scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) during the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis years in India.FindingsIrrespective of the bank's production model, the evidence suggests that the accounting NPLs as an undesirable output significantly deteriorating the intermediation technical efficiency levels of Indian banks, especially after the crisis years until the last year of the study period. This reflects that Indian banks failed more to achieve their financial intermediation objective in the post-crisis years as compared to the crisis and pre-crisis years. In-depth, statistical evidence of commercial bank ownership groups reveals that public sector banks exhibit a higher level of efficiency in pursuance of traditional loan-based activity followed by private and foreign banks. The study also found the existence of sigma convergence in technical efficiency levels of Indian banks and ownership groups as well.Originality/valueThis study is perhaps the first one, which present the robust evolution of Indian banks intermediation efficiency by taking into account both endogenous (i.e. NPLs as an undesirable output and equity as a quasi-fixed input in the bank production process) crisis and exogenous (i.e. global financial and economic stress) crises. Moreover, none of the existing studies have conducted sub-period wise analysis to show the apparent occurrence of both convergence properties in technical efficiency, adding novelty in the literature.

PERFORMANCE BANK BNI SYARIAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The performance of Islamic banks during the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the financial soundness of Islamic Banks. Islamic Banks in Indonesia should restructure the Financing (PYD) which results in the acquisition of revenue and net profit received by the bank. The aims of this study are to analyze the soundness of Bank BNI Syariah using the CAMEL, RGEC method, the level of cost efficiency and profitability. Then also measured the potential for BNIS bankruptcy with the Altman Z-Score model. The potential risk of bankruptcy in Islamic Banks is very possible if bank management during the Covid-19 pandemic are not carried out properly and professionally. Secondary data is used during the period 2015 to 2020 to analyze the performance of Islamic Banks before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The results of the CAMEL and RGEC analysis show that soundness conditions varied from "Not Very Good" to "Very Good" from 2015 to 2020. In 2020 the soundness condition of BNIS is "Fairly Good". Meanwhile, the Altman Z-Score shows that BNIS is experiencing a “Not Bankrupt” condition, the level of bank efficiency is “High” and at analysis of profitability as reflected by the ROA ratio, ROE during the pandemic has decreased.

Unveiling endogeneity between competition and efficiency in Chinese banks: a two-stage network DEA and regression analysis

Although there is a growing number of research articles investigating the performance in the banking industry, research on Chinese banking efficiency is rather focused on discussing rankings to the detriment of unveiling its productive structure in light of banking competition. This issue is of utmost importance considering the relevant transformations in the Chinese economy over the last decades. This is a development of a two-stage network production process (production and intermediation approaches in banking, respectively) to evaluate the efficiency level of Chinese commercial banks. In the second stage regression analysis, an integrated Multi-Layer Perceptron/Hidden Markov model is used for the first time to unveil endogeneity among banking competition, contextual variables, and efficiency levels of the production and intermediation approaches in banking. The competitive condition in the Chinese banking industry is measured by Panar–Rosse H-statistic and Lerner index under the Ordinary Least Square regression. Findings reveal that productive efficiency appears to be positively impacted by competition and market power. Second, credit risk analysis in older local banks, which focus the province level, would possibly be the fact that jeopardizes the productive efficiency levels of the entire banking industry in China. Thirdly, it is found that a perfect banking competition structure at the province level and a reduced market power of local banks are drivers of a sound banking system. Finally, our findings suggest that concentration of credit in a few banks leads to an increase in bank productivity.

Bank efficiency estimation in China: DEA-RENNA approach

The current study proposes a new DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of 39 Chinese commercial banks over the period 2010–2018. The paper also, in the second stage, investigates the inter-relationships between efficiency and some bank-specific variables (i.e. bank profitability, bank size, expenses management, traditional business and non-traditional business) under the Robust Endogenous Neural Network Analysis. The findings suggest that the sample of Chinese banks experiences a consistent increase in the level of bank efficiency up to 2015; the efficiency score is 0.915, after which the efficiency level declines and then experiences a slight volatility, while finally ending up with an efficiency score of 0.746 by the end of 2018. We also find that among different bank ownership types, the state-owned banks have the highest efficiency, the rural commercial banks are found to be least efficient and the foreign banks experience the strongest volatility over the examined period. The second-stage analysis shows that bank size exerts a positive influence on the development of non-traditional banking business and a proactive expense management, bank size and non-traditional businesses have a positive impact on efficiency levels, while bank profitability, traditional businesses and expenses management have negative influences on bank efficiency.

Analisis Profitabilitas Bank Syariah Di Indonesia: Pendekatan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The dependent variable in this study is Return on Assets (ROA), while the independent variables include CAR, NPF, FDR, BOPO, DPK, mudharabah financing, murabahah financing, BI Rate, and inflation. The research period was from January 2015 to July 2020 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. This study found that in the short term NPF, FDR, BOPO, DPK, mudharabah financing, murabahah financing, and inflation are significant variables on profitability. Meanwhile, in the long term, the variables that are significant to profitability include CAR, BOPO, DPK, and BI Rate. Mudharabah and BOPO financing are the variables that have the biggest influence on profitability. Therefore, Islamic bank management needs to pay attention to the risk of financing using a profit-sharing scheme. In addition, management needs to maintain the level of bank efficiency by taking into account the use of funds to meet operational expense.

Interbank funding, bank risk exposure and performance in the UK: A three-stage network DEA approach

Operating on unsecured interbank markets exposes banks to various risks which trigger changes in bank strategic outcomes such as risk management and performance. This paper proposes a novel three-stage network data envelopment approach with feedback and alliance to examine the importance of bank risk exposures through interbank funding on bank efficiency levels. Our results show that overall bank performance management is achieved via a complement of good alliance between risk and funding, and financial performance. In addition, high financial or overall performance may not imply better risk management or allied process performance. Rather, banks are inherently performance-driven institutions whose performance objectives are independently optimal but aggregately suboptimal. Further analyses show that, for international banks, high financial or overall performance may not necessarily limit high allied process and risk management. Moreover, risk governance in large banks has not improved despite the increased regulatory pressure induced after the 2007–2008 credit crisis. Our results remain robust regardless of whether the alliance or financial performance stage is given priority in the overall efficiency decomposition, and when the novel resource imbalance index is used to assess and enhance the discriminatory power of performance.