Efficient System Research Articles

Increasing the stability and efficiency of an electrochemical ammonium separation system via state-of-charge (SoC) control

Ammonium ions in wastewater can induce toxicity in aquatic organisms and accelerate eutrophication. Therefore, the efficient removal of ammonium ions is necessary. The electrochemical ion separation method, based on an electrode with selectivity for ammonium ions, is a promising recovery technique that can efficiently adsorb and desorb ammonium ions. In this system, the electrode is composed of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) and silver (Ag), and ammonium ions are captured by the CuHCF electrode. However, the stability of the CuHCF electrode is not sufficient for continuous ammonium ion removal. We aim to report an improvement in the stability of this system realized through the use of the state-of-charge (SoC) control method. The stability of the system can be enhanced by using SoC control at only 60% of the maximum capacity. After 300 cycles, the discharge capacity for the 60% SoC approach remained at 55.8%, showing a 10% improvement in stability compared to the 100% SoC method (45.8%). Furthermore, in concentrated solutions with a ratio similar to that of domestic wastewater, the 60% SoC control strategy exhibited ammonium removal capacity and selectivity comparable to that with 100% SoC control but with higher energy efficiency (77% reduction in energy consumption). These results indicate that the state-of-charge (SoC) control method can enhance both the stability and the efficiency of the electrochemical ammonium separation system.

Domestic hot water systems in well-insulated residential buildings: A comparative simulation study on efficiency and hygiene challenges

Domestic hot water (DHW) is essential for daily life, yet the production can be energy intensive. Advances in building insulation reduced space heating demand, while DHW energy demand remained constant or even increased. The need for a higher proportion of renewable heat amplifies the conflict in DHW systems between energy efficiency, hygiene, and comfort, since high temperatures are required for hygienic purposes. Thus, developing DHW systems efficiently utilizing renewable heat without excessive temperature requirements is essential.This paper reviews efficiency and hygiene challenges in DHW systems and assesses proposed solutions through comparative simulations in well-insulated residential buildings.Results show higher efficiencies in decentralised than centralised DHW systems. However, even in decentralised systems the necessity for circulation is a significant limitation. Lowering DHW temperature or transitioning to decentralised systems significantly reduces final energy demand, improves heat pump performance and increases the renewable heat share. Reducing DHW temperature from 60 to 50 °C increases stagnation periods in lower temperature intervals (22–34 °C) in warm water pipes.The study indicates significant potential to increase system efficiency and reduce final energy demand in decentralised or low-temperature DHW systems and introduces a novel method to compare conditions with regard to hygiene of DHW system simulations.

Techno-economic performance of different DC power distribution networks in official buildings based on a real-time analysis method

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems into official buildings has garnered considerable attention, which are recognized as DC power sources. Notably, DC power can satisfy the majority of electrical demands in official buildings. The primary objective of this research is to enhance overall system efficiency by efficiently utilizing renewable energy through direct current (DC) power distribution compared to alternating current (AC) systems. This study proposes a techno-economic analysis framework to guide designers in selecting system configuration and voltage levels. The analysis covers various PV capacities, load compositions, and battery capacities, with the aim of optimizing power distribution efficiency and achieving a more competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The proposed model integrates the dynamic efficiency of actual converters and wire gauges, enabling real-time computation of the energy supply–demand balance within the power distribution system, including associated conversion and transmission losses. The results indicate that conversion loss accounts for approximately 80% of the overall energy loss within power distribution networks. The implementation of DC power distribution significantly improves system efficiency and economic viability. Specifically, the DC375 system exhibits superior techno-economic performance in scenarios involving high PV and battery capacities. In scenarios with limited PV and battery capacity, the building power distribution system should employ a hybrid AC-DC topology to efficiently distribute the available PV output to building loads powered by DC

Improved direct control of single stage photovoltaic powred system

This paper introduces a novel direct control quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) topology as a viable alternative to conventional two-stage converters in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed control strategy effectively merges duty cycle and modulation index within a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) framework for both DC and AC control. To assess the system’s performance under diverse weather conditions, the INC and P&O maximum power point tracking maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed. Rigorous simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the proposed method’s ability to achieve multi-objective optimization of PV systems, enhancing overall system efficiency and reliability.

Optimisation of cooling performance and water consumption of a solid desiccant-assisted indirect evaporative cooling system using response surface methodology

Solid desiccant-assisted dew-point indirect evaporative cooling (SD-DPIEC) systems have gained considerable attention as a potential eco-friendly alternative to vapour-compression cooling systems in building cooling applications. However, one major drawback of these systems is their substantial water consumption during evaporative cooling. To tackle this issue, this study aims to improve the cooling efficiency and water utilisation of an SD-DPIEC system using response surface methodology (RSM). This research focuses on optimising four key parameters: supply air temperature, humidity ratio, water consumption rate and coefficient of performance (COP). The independent variables encompass the ambient temperature, relative humidity, regeneration temperature, and recirculation air ratio. Employing a multi-objective optimisation approach via the desirability function, the optimised SD-DPIEC system is subsequently tested in two prevalent weather patterns in Australia. The results demonstrated that the regression models derived from RSM exhibited commendable predictive capability, with the determination coefficient R2 and Adequate Precision exceeding 0.97 and 40.46, respectively. The outcomes revealed that the system attained its optimal performance with a supply air temperature of 20.36°C, humidity ratio of 12.56 g/kg, a water consumption rate of 3.11 kg/hr, and COP of 2.03 under the ambient temperature of 33.79°C, relative humidity of 68.48%, regeneration temperature of 51.78°C, and recirculation air ratio of 60 %. Based on the optimisation results, a case study was undertaken to evaluate the system's applicability in representative Australian climates. The results demonstrated that the system could uphold air conditions with the supply air temperature below 19°C and humidity ratio below 11.51 g/kg under the studied Australian climates.

Ventilation Efficiency and Improvements for Displacement Ventilation Systems During Heating: A Case Study of a Ward with Vertical Induction Units

This study investigates the ventilation mechanism and effectiveness of a displacement ventilation (DV) system under heating conditions. A method to maintain ventilation efficiency by indirectly achieving DV was proposed. A four-bed hospital ward with prototype wall-mounted induction units (IUs) and ceiling exhaust served as the case study. Full-scale experiments assessed indoor temperature and tracer gas distribution, adjusting parameters such as cubicle and window curtains, window heaters, and window heat loss. Results showed that while the vertical temperature gradient was established, downdrafts near windows disrupted DV’s stratification, leading to quasi-displacement ventilation with a normalized contaminant concentration of around 0.7 near patients. To counter this, using curtains to limit air exchange between the near-window and near-bed spaces effectively prevented the horizontal movement of contaminants toward the window. This allowed the downdraft to remain clean and diffuse along the floor, thereby reducing the normalized concentration to approximately 0.3-0.5 by indirectly achieving DV. CFD numerical studies further examined this method under varied temperature conditions and airflow patterns. Additionally, the infection risk in this ward was evaluated for reference, showing that indirect DV can reduce infection probability by one-third compared to quasi-DV. Moreover, window heat loss valued at 50-100 W/m2 achieved the best ventilation, while smaller values generated insufficient downdraft to achieve indirect DV and larger values resulted in high floor-level velocity that accelerated contaminant dispersion.

Improving efficiency of wireless charging system in electric vehicle using a hybrid ultracapacitor-battery energy storage approach

This research aims to enhance the efficiency of wireless charging systems in electric vehicles by integrating a hybrid ultracapacitor-battery energy storage solution. Traditional standalone battery-based energy storage systems in wireless charging often face sub-optimal charging efficiency, resulting in extended charging times and reduced energy transfer efficiency. To address this limitation, we propose a hybrid approach that combines the rapid charging capability of ultracapacitor (supercapacitor) with the long-term storage capacity of batteries. The optimal charging range is 0 cm to 2 cm, and the combined output voltage and current are 5 V to 12 V and 0.63 A, respectively. This hybrid energy storage system will significantly boost electric vehicles (EVs) charging efficiency. Our research involves experimental evaluation and data analysis to assess crucial parameters, including charging efficiency, energy transfer efficiency, and charging time. The experimental results are validated and compared against existing battery-only systems, shedding light on the advantages and limitations of the hybrid approach. This study contributes to the optimization of wireless charging systems, enhancing energy transfer efficiency, and promoting the broader adoption of wireless charging technology in electric vehicles.

Deep ensemble architectures with heterogeneous approach for an efficient content-based image retrieval

<span lang="EN-US">In the field of digital image processing, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has become essential for searching images based on visual content characteristics like color, shape, and texture, rather than relying on text-based annotations. To address the increasing demands for efficiency and precision in CBIR systems, we introduce the HybridEnsembleNet methodology. HybridEnsembleNet combines deep learning algorithms with an asymmetric retrieval framework to optimize feature extraction and comparison in extensive image databases. This novel approach, specifically custom-made for CBIR, employs a lightweight query structure skilled at handling large-scale data under resource-constrained environments. The experiments were performed on the ROxford and RParis datasets. The deep learning component of HybridEnsembleNet significantly refines the accuracy of image matching and retrieval. RParis The ROxford dataset, specifically in the medium and hard difficulty benchmarks, demonstrates an enhancement of 5.53% and 10.44%, respectively. Similarly, the RParis dataset, under medium and hard benchmarks, exhibits improvements of 3.01% and 5.83%, showcasing superior performance compared to existing models. By overcoming the traditional limitations of CBIR systems in mean average precision (mAP) metrics, HybridEnsembleNet provides a scalable, efficient, and more accurate solution for retrieving relevant images from vast digital libraries.</span>

Exploring energy efficiency and savings potential of a horizontal domestic drain water heat recovery system in high-rise apartment buildings

In residential buildings, domestic hot water (DHW) used for showering and handwashing produces significant amounts of hot drain water (DW), which is typically wasted. This study proposes a horizontal drain water heat recovery (DDWHR) unit to capture waste heat from DW and improve overall DHW system efficiency with the focus on thermal exchange in a compact installation suitable for high-rise apartment buildings. Experiments under different operating conditions were conducted to evaluate the DDWHR unit’s thermal performance and energy-saving potential. Results showed that the proposed DDWHR unit achieved energy efficiency of 90–95%, depending on operating conditions, due to high heat recovery rates. In the entire DHW system, the DDWHR unit demonstrated approximately 15% heating energy savings compared to conventional DHW setups. Also, nationwide adoption of the DDWHR unit in two-person apartments could reduce gas costs by about 14% annually. The findings of this study indicate that the horizontal DDWHR unit can effectively promote sustainable DHW use in high-rise residential buildings and offers a promising solution for improving energy efficiency in DHW systems.

Performance analysis on a hybrid system of wind, photovoltaic, thermal, storage, CO2 sequestration and space heating

The combined heat and power generation (CHP) isan efficient and economical solution to the intermittency and instability faced by renewable energy power and however, the heat-power coupling lowers its regulation depth. Thermal energy storage is a valid measure to solve the above problem, however, the major bottleneck is lack of thermal energy storage ways with large capacity, high efficiency, low cost and longtime simultaneously. Here, a novel hybrid system of wind-photovoltaic-thermal-storage-CO2 sequestration-space heating is proposed, which can store thermal energy and sequestrate CO2 in saline aquifer simultaneously. The results show heat extraction power, energy storage capacity, energy storage density and thermal recovery efficiency for the hybrid system are respectively 6391.14 kW, 66263.36 GJ, 23276.37 kJ/m3 and 81.17 %. The hybrid system extends the adjustable range of CHP from 200 MW to 700 MW through thermal energy storage and heat-power decoupling, thus accommodating more renewable energy power. The amount of sequestrated CO2 captured from exhaust gas of thermal power station is 2,306,880 tons, equivalent to 854,400 tons of standard coal in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, the repeated injection and extraction of working gas in the hybrid system accelerates CO2 solubility in saline aquifer.

Modelling of high frequency vibration of railway bogies’ subcomponent based on structural dynamics: A case study for lifeguard of metro bogie

The sub-components of railway bogie have been frequently reported to be subjected to the vibration fatigue due to the wheel/rail high frequency vibration. An efficiency numerical model is thus desirable to simulate the high frequency vibration of railway bogie, which can substantially enhance the design efficiency of railway bogie system considering the vibration fatigue. Therefore, this paper aims to proposing a modelling methodology for simulating the high frequency vibration of railway bogies’ subcomponents, and a lifeguard of metro bogie was taken as an example. Firstly, a field test measurement of lifeguard for the metro bogie was primarily introduced to demonstrate the high frequency vibration characteristics and the related failure mechanisms arising from the wheel/rail high frequency impact. Subsequently, a random vibration model for the railway bogie system and the lifeguard based on the rigid/flexible coupled dynamics were developed to simulate the high frequency vibration and the dynamic stress developed at the lifeguard. This method was subsequently employed in the structural optimization for the lifeguard. The results showed that the proposed methodology can effectively simulate the high frequency vibration of lifeguard of bogie system based on the measured axle box acceleration, and the optimized structure can effectively increase the service lifetime under the excitation of wheel/rail high frequency vibration.

Battery charging system for electric vehicle

Selecting the appropriate charger for electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial for enhancing performance, with non-isolated DC-DC converters playing a significant role in charging EV batteries. The efficient conversion of input power into output as per the requirement is main perspective in the design of DC-DC converters. This paper delves into the landscape of non-isolated DC-DC converters utilized in EV charging, emphasizing their pivotal role. Additionally, it introduces a novel approach by incorporating machine learning-based pulse width modulation (PWM) control for the buck DC-DC converter. By integrating machine learning algorithms into the control scheme, the efficiency and performance of the charging system can be greatly enhanced, resulting in improved overall EV operation. This innovative application of machine learning not only optimizes charging efficiency but also enables adaptability to varying input/output conditions, ultimately leading to more efficient and effective charging processes for EVs.

Effect of AP and AN on the combustion and injection performance of Al-H2O gelled propellant

Aluminum-water propellants (Al-H2O propellants), representing a novel class of solid propellants, demonstrate the merits of cost efficiency and reduced feature signal characteristics. However, the conventional formulations of Al-H2O propellants are hampered by the generation of substantial condensed residues. In our investigation, we explored the incorporation of oxidizers into the Al-H2O propellant grain, aiming to enhance combustion and injection performance. Employing a multifaceted experimental approach, we conducted thermal gravimetric analysis, laser ignition experiments, and ignition tests within a lab-scale solid rocket motor (SRM) firing to systematically examine the effects of varying content of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) on the combustion and injection performance of Al-H2O propellants. Our findings indicated that integrating AP and AN at a mass fraction of 3 % each notably curtailed ignition delay time by approximately 67 % and 90 %, respectively, and concurrently decreased burning rates by approximately 50 % and 58 %. Significantly, it has been observed that a composition incorporating a 5 % mass fraction of AP enhances the combustion efficiency of the Al-H2O propellant system by approximately 2 %. Conversely, the integration of a 5 % mass fraction of AN into the same propellant matrix results in an augmentation of the injection efficiency by an estimated 47 %. Empirical evidence validating the augmentative impacts of AP and AN on the performance of Al-H2O propellants has been substantiated through a series of motor hot firing experiments. Furthermore, the combustion behavior of Al-H2O propellants has been elucidated through an analysis of the combustion physical mechanism of Al particles. The thermal decomposition of AP yields a substantial volume of oxidizing gases, which effectively accelerates the combustion rate of the Al particles, subsequently leading to an enhancement in the overall combustion efficiency of the propellant. Conversely, the decomposition of AN results in an increased production of nitrogen gas, thereby augmenting the velocity of gas flow and, consequently, elevating the injection efficiency of the propellant. This finding holds promise for guiding the developmental trajectory of Al-H2O propellants and refining the design parameters of propulsion systems.

Performance and energy-consumption evaluation of fuel-cell hybrid heavy-duty truck based on energy flow and thermal-management characteristics experiment under different driving conditions

In this study, energy-flow experiments are performed on a fuel-cell (FC) hybrid heavy-duty truck under constant vehicle speeds of 25 and 75 km/h at normal temperature (23 °C) and high temperature (35 °C), respectively. The vehicle energy consumption and distribution, the efficiency of the main systems and components, and the characteristics of the thermal-management system are analyzed comprehensively to evaluate the vehicle performance. Experiment results show that the energy-conversion efficiency of the FC stack is relatively low (45.6% to 50.25%) and that the output-power fluctuation of the FC system is relatively large, which indicate that the FC stack’s control of hydrogen and air may be unreasonable. Moreover, the battery-charging energy occupies a considerable proportion of the FC stack output energy, which results in the high internal resistance of the power battery under low-speed driving conditions. This implies that the vehicle’s power-matching and control strategies may not be reasonable. For the thermal-management system, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet coolant of the FC coolant exceeds 10 °C in most cases, thus resulting in high thermal-energy losses. Additionally, the maximum temperature of the power battery core does not decrease significantly once the battery cooling cycle began. This indicates that the tested FC hybrid truck may be inappropriate in terms of structural design, accessory matching, and control of the thermal-management system. Furthermore, the highest difference in temperature between the head of the co-pilot and sleeper exceeds 10 °C in most cases, which results in an uncomfortable crew-cabin environment. This implies that the structure of the air duct and the number and position of the crew-cabin air outlets are inappropriate. In general, the efficiencies of the vehicle direct current (DC)/DC, motor, and transmission system are relatively low, particularly at low vehicle speeds (less than 90%). Existing problems associated with the entire vehicle and key components are identified, and the corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed based on experimental results pertaining to the energy-flow and thermal-management characteristics. Thus, this study provides an important reference and basis for the performance and energy-consumption optimizations of FC hybrid heavy-duty trucks in the future. Additionally, this study provides an effective method for evaluating the performance and energy consumption of FC hybrid vehicles.

Long-term deep reinforcement learning for real-time economic generation control of cloud energy storage systems with varying structures

Energy storage systems play a crucial role in modern power systems. Consequently, a mixed cloud energy storage (CES) system is proposed. The mixed CES system comprises consumers and prosumers. The consumers can only consume energy. The prosumers can either produce or consume energy at different time intervals. The proposed mixed CES system is designed for investigating the generation control challenges in mixed interconnected power systems. To optimize the active power balance and economic efficiency of the mixed CES system, a long-term deep reinforcement learning (LDRL) artificial intelligence approach is proposed as the real-time economic generation controller to control the mixed CES system. The LDRL consists of a reinforcement mechanism and two models: a long short-term memory model for economic dispatch and a deep neural networks model for smart generation control. The reinforcement framework updates policies for the prosumers. The efficacy of proposed method is validated across three mixed systems, i.e., the improved IEEE 300-bus, Polish 2383-bus, and mixed systems with varying structures. The numerical simulations verify that the LDRL method can efficiently and economically control the mixed CES systems with diverse structures.

Surface engineering-based S, N co-doped biochar for improved anaerobic digestion: Enhancing microbial-pollutant and inter-microbial electron transfer synergistic EPS protection

Enhancing extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency is crucial for improving the anaerobic digestion (AD) system's capability to treat recalcitrant wastewater. In this study, a novel S, N co-doped biochar (S-N-BC) was prepared through surface engineering to optimize EET within AD systems. The addition of S-N-BC significantly enhanced the performance of a mesophilic AD system treating Congo red wastewater, increasing the decolorization rate by 78%, COD degradation rate by 82%, and methane yield by 87% compared to the control. Additionally, the shock resistance of anaerobic granular sludge was improved, as evidenced by the formation of the protective extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) barrier and the enhanced activities of the electron transport system. Mechanistic analysis revealed that adding S-N-BC did not alter the Congo red decolorization pathway but significantly enriched various electrochemically active bacteria and established EET pathways between microbial-pollutant and inter-microbial. This significantly accelerated EET efficiency within the AD system, ensuring stable and efficient operation under challenging conditions. This study proposed a novel approach using S-N-BC to simultaneously enhance "dual-pathway EET" between microbial-pollutant and inter-microbial while constructing an EPS protective barrier, addressing the issues of low efficiency and fragile stability of AD systems for treating recalcitrant wastewater.

Obturator prostheses with intramucosal retention system in patients with maxillectomy.

To evaluate the intramucosal retention system in patients' masticatory efficiency and quality of life in this case series. A total of 3 individuals with maxillectomy were included for rehabilitation with a complete obturator prostheses with an intramucosal retention system(OPI). The complete obturator prostheses was made for 60days, and electromyography assessments and bite force were applied before, after 30, 60, and 90days of surgery and prostheses installation. The University of WashingtonQuality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QoL) and the Obturator Functional Scale (OFS) were also administered at baseline and in the same follow-up periods. The electromyography was evaluated on both sides of the masseter, temporalis, and buccinator muscles while chewing hard and soft food. The maximum bite force was recorded in the central incisors and both sides of the first molar region. Bite force values increased in the first molar region, and muscular electrical activity remained constant. Items related to the taste and swallowing of the UW-QOL impacted. Most OFS questionnaire data responses indicated that patients improved in swallowing liquid foods and appearance. The rehabilitative capacity improves masticatory efficiency and QoL in adults maxilectomized and rehabilitated with OPI analysis in the study. Further clinical studies should be encouraged to determine the effectiveness of this retentive system.

How can the natural background and ecological & environment promote the green and sustainable development of Chinese tourist attractions?

In the context of the global carbon peak and carbon neutrality initiatives and post-pandemic, studying the green and sustainable development of tourist attractions is of great significance for the sustainable utilization of tourism resources. This study focuses on tourist attractions in 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2019, establishes an input–output indicator system for economic efficiency and eco-efficiency, and uses the Super-SBM model in Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of tourist attractions in China. To analyze the natural background and environmental driving factors that affect eco-efficiency, as well as the interaction between these factors, using a geographic detector model, and propose a green and sustainable development path for tourist attractions. The research results indicate that the eco-efficiency of Chinese tourist attractions was higher than the economic efficiency, and both showed a downward trend. The proportion of altitude and nature reserve area to the area under the jurisdiction, as well as the total investment in environmental pollution control, have a significant impact on eco-efficiency; The interaction between temperature, precipitation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the proportion of nature reserves in the jurisdiction and the total investment in environmental pollution control, is significantly enhanced, indirectly affecting the eco-efficiency of Chinese tourist attractions. Among the natural factors, temperature, precipitation, and NDVI all could interact with altitude to significantly the impacts on the eco-efficiency of Chinese tourist attractions. The research aims to provide a Chinese solution for developing tourist attractions in developing countries similar to China.

A survey of the Nutrition Care Process in Japanese acute care hospitals using a nationwide web-based questionnaire.

Study aim was to determine the levels and barriers of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), a practical method of individualized nutrition support. Delegate of registered dietitians (RDs) from acute-care hospitals answered our nationwide web-based questionnaire (April-June, 2023) to determine the implementation status of screening, assessment, intervention (including planning), and monitoring (components of the NCP). Of 5,378 institutions contacted, 905 (16.8%) responded. For Screening, 80.0% screened all inpatients: primary personnel in charge were RDs (57.6%); the most used screening tool was Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) (49.2%). For Assessment, 66.1% assessed all inpatients: food intake (93.3%) was most evaluated whereas muscle mass and strength (13.0%, 8.8%) were least evaluated. For Intervention, 43.9% did so within 48h of hospital admission: oral nutritional supplement (92.9%) was the most common RDs intervention and parenteral nutrition (29.9%) was used less. For Monitoring, 18.5% of institutions had monitoring frequency of ≥ 3 times/week whilst 23.0% had monitoring less than once a week for severely malnourished patients. Energy and protein intake (93.7%, 84.3%) were most monitored and lipid intake (30.1%) was less monitored. Barriers of NCP included inefficient staffing systems and unsuitable tools in Screening, inaccurate patient targeting and lack of important evaluation items in Assessment, delayed timing and incomplete contents in Intervention, and inadequate fre-quency and lack of important evaluation items in Monitoring. An increase in RDs staffing in acute-care general wards, widespread NCP instruction manuals, and education about the tools and evaluation items utilized in nutritional management are possible solutions.

A Critical Appraisal of Functionalized 2-Dimensional Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery Applications.

The development of an efficient and innovative drug delivery system is essential to improve the pharmacological parameters of the medicinal compound or drug. The technique or manner used to improve the pharmacological parameters plays a crucial role in the delivery system. In the current scenario, various drug delivery systems are available where nanotechnology has firmly established itself in the field of drug delivery. One of the most prevalent elements is carbon with its allotropic modifications such as graphene-based nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, and carbon fullerenes, these nanomaterials offer notable physiochemical and biochemical properties for the delivery applications due to their smaller size, surface area, and ability to interact with the cells or tissues. The exceptional physicochemical properties of carbon-based 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, make them attractive candidates for drug delivery systems. These nanomaterials offer a large surface area, high drug loading capacity, and tunable surface chemistry, enabling efficient encapsulation, controlled release, and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. These properties of the nanomaterials can be exploited for drug delivery applications, like assisting the target delivery of drugs and aiding combination molecular imaging. This review emphasizes on the recent patents on 2D carbon-based nanomaterial and their role in drug delivery systems. Carbon-based 2D nanomaterials present a wealth of opportunities for advanced drug delivery systems. Their exceptional properties and versatility offers great potential in improving therapeutic efficacy, minimizing side effects, and enabling personalized medicine and the recent patents on 2D nanomaterial.