Land Use Efficiency Research Articles

Environmental implications of residential to commercial land use succession on formal housing stock: A conceptual analysis

This study investigates the environmental implications of land use succession on formal housing stock. It is pursues to provide information that will assist in reducing or total elimination of the negative environmental impacts of land use succession on formal housing stock with the aim of enhancing housing and property investment decisions. The study methodology relied primarily on past issues relating to the environmental implications of residential to commercial land use succession on formal housing stock. The study looked at the concepts and theories related to the study. The study also examined Nigerian organizations and legal frameworks in charge of environmental activities. The study observed that the environmental implications resulting from residential succession by commercial land use among others includes; population displacement, traffic congestion, air pollution, noise pollution, water erosion, waste management issues, and climatic changes. The study suggests that the city’s relevant government entities should regulate, monitor, and control land use succession. Commercial and residential zones should be clearly defined in land use policies. There should be a sound legal framework for urban cities and more effective and efficient land use monitoring and management methods. In addition, individual land owners and investors/developers should be informed about the negative environmental impacts of land use succession on formal housing stock, thus preserving formal housing by reducing or eliminating population displacement and other negative environmental impacts.

Carbon reduction effect of comprehensive land consolidation and its configuration paths at the township level: A case study of Zhejiang Province, China.

Changing land use is one of the main factors influencing global climate change and the imbalance in the carbon cycle. Consequently, the focus of international organizations and the academic community is on strategies to mitigate carbon emissions or improve carbon sequestration by optimizing land use structure and function. Since 2019, China's Zhejiang Province has implemented a township-level pilot policy, exploring a comprehensive land consolidation (CLC for short) pilot policy that includes all elements of "mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands." This project aimed to increase the efficiency of land use while at the same time fully exploiting the carbon storage potential. However, there is a notable lack of knowledge about the feasibility of the CLC pilot policy to reduce carbon emissions, as well as the specific configuration conditions required for its success. This study examines data from 704 townships in Zhejiang Province, China, spanning the period from 2015 to 2022, innovatively constructs an explanatory framework for the interaction between the peripheral "society-economy-ecology" system and the core "human-land-industry" system. On this basis, employing Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML) and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), this study uncovers the impacts of the CLC pilot policy on carbon emissions and its configuration paths. The results show that: (1) The CLC pilot policy has a significant negative impact on carbon emissions. Implementing the CLC pilot policy leads to an average reduction of 1.850 tons per capita carbon emissions in the pilot townships. This conclusion remains robust even after conducting tests for robustness, endogeneity, and placebo effects. (2) The configuration paths for achieving high-efficiency carbon emission reduction through the CLC pilot policy mainly include four modes: ecological restoration, periphery-driven, aggregation and enhancement, and characteristic protection. (3) A single "economy" factor alone is not enough to drive the reduction of carbon emissions. This study provides a theoretical research perspective and practical reference for the CLC pilot policy targeting the Chinese government's "dual carbon" goals and provides empirical support for policy formulation.

The Impacts of Urbanization on Carbon Emission Performance: New Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China

Regarding the carbon emission performance of urbanization, the changes in carbon emissions and carbon sinks have attracted particular attention, while the internal impact mechanism has been under-researched. Conventionally, urbanization has either improved or hindered carbon performance. However, this is not always the case as the paths of urbanization affecting carbon emission performance are diverse. Hence, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to investigate how urbanization influences carbon emission performance, specifically the indirect effects of land development/land-use efficiency, by taking the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China, as a study case. Empirical results show that urbanization improves carbon emission performance due to the agglomeration effect. As an intermediary pathway, land-use change has a two-sided impact on carbon emission performance. Urbanization can both worsen and improve carbon emission performance through increasing land-development intensity and promoting land-use efficiency, respectively. However, the positive impact of land-use efficiency can alleviate the problem of increasing carbon emissions caused by land over-development. Hence, the integration of urban planning strategies with land use management policies can help to achieve sustainable urbanization.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION AND ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE IN REGIONS

The relevance of the research topic is proven. The goal has been achieved regarding the formation of theoretical approaches to the definition and assessment of the territorial development of land use in the regions. Solved tasks: systematization of theoretical provisions regarding the determination of territorial development of land use in regions; substantiation of directions for assessment of territorial development of land use in regions. As a result of the study, theoretical approaches to determining the territorial development of land use in the regions were identified and substantiated: functional; factorial; normative and legal; stakeholder; institutional; effective. A systematic approach is substantiated, which consists in the fact that the territorial development of land use of regions is defined as a systemic category, which is ensured through the interaction of factors, stakeholders, institutions to achieve the effectiveness of land use and the formation of a qualitatively new environment for the development of territories. The categorical apparatus for determining the territorial development of land use in regions, which is based on a theoretical and methodological platform that includes regional and territorial aspects, system characteristics, features of land use, a set of spatial, urban planning, environmental, investment and innovation, security, social, stakeholder factors, has been improved , which makes it possible to form directions for increasing the efficiency of land use and a qualitatively new environment with the use of a monitoring geo-information system. Proposed directions for assessing the level of provision of territorial development of land use in regions, which allow forming a quantitative basis for forecasting changes in relevant factors and integral indicators and developing scientifically based recommendations

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE FUNCTIONING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE IN REGIONS

The necessity of applying methods and models of mathematical modeling of factors affecting the functioning of complex systems of territorial development of land use in regions is determined. It has been proven that the mathematical modeling toolkit is an important element of forming a quantitative basis for the formation and use of factors of territorial development, creating conditions for characterizing their changes in the following investigated periods. The presented toolkit provides opportunities for the development of solutions to increase the efficiency of land use. The research achieved the goal of theoretical and methodological substantiation of mathematical modeling of factors that affect the functioning of complex systems of territorial development of land use in regions. The set tasks were solved: systematization of theoretical provisions regarding the determination of the territorial development of land use in the regions; determination of factors for ensuring the territorial development of land use in the regions; substantiation of directions for mathematical modeling of factors influencing the territorial development of land use in regions. As a result of the systematization of theoretical and methodological provisions, a definition of the territorial development of land use in regions is proposed, which is characterized as a set of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors, the interaction of which leads to the achievement of a qualitatively new state of land relations compared to the past, taking into account social, institutional, management features and the level of interaction of stakeholders operating in the field of regional land use. To ensure territorial development, a mathematical modeling toolkit is used, the use of which allows you to form a quantitative basis for decision-making in the field of land relations. The necessity of applying a set of criteria for the adequacy of the developed mathematical models of the influence of spatial, urban planning, environmental and investment factors on the integral indicator of the level of provision of the territorial development of land use has been established.

A SCENARIO APPROACH TO ENSURING THE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE IN REGIONS

It was determined that the transformational processes taking place in the system of land relations require a rethinking of approaches to land use at the regional level. In recent years, the efficiency of land use has decreased, the level of regulatory monetary assessment, investment activity has decreased.

Decoding Land Use Conflicts: Spatiotemporal Analysis and Constraint Diagnosis from the Perspectives of Production–Living–Ecological Functions

Exploring the intensity and constraint factors of land use conflicts provides essential insights for efficient land use planning. Currently, China’s spatial development is gradually transitioning towards the coordinated development of production, living, and ecological functions (PLEFs). Previous studies have typically focused on land use conflicts from a micro perspective, examining conflicts between production, living, and ecological land uses at a fine scale. There is limited research from a macro perspective that conducts a theoretical analysis based on the production, living, and ecological functions of land use conflicts themselves. In addition, existing studies primarily analyze the influencing factors of land use conflicts, with limited literature directly addressing the constraint factors of land use conflicts. This study focuses on 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, China, using data from 2010 to 2020. It categorizes land use conflicts at the macro level into production perspective, living perspective, and ecological perspective conflicts. For each of these conflict perspectives, different pressure, state, and response indicators are introduced. This approach leads to the development of a theoretical framework for analyzing land use conflicts at the macro level. On this basis, a spatiotemporal evolution analysis of land use conflicts was conducted. Additionally, using a constraint factor diagnosis model, the study analyzed the constraint factors of land use conflicts at the macro level across cities, leading to the following research conclusions: (1) the land use conflicts from the production and living perspectives in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2020, while the land use conflicts from the ecological perspective exhibited a downward trend; (2) during the study period, Wuhan exhibited the highest intensity of land use conflicts from both the production and living perspectives, while Ezhou experienced the highest intensity of land use conflicts from the ecological perspective for most of the study period; (3) the main constraining factors of land use conflicts from the production perspective in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei are population density, average land GDP, and effective irrigation rate. The primary constraining factors of land use conflicts from the living perspective are population density, urbanization rate, and average land real estate development investment. The main constraining factors of land use conflicts from the ecological perspective are population density, average land fertilizer input, and effective irrigation rate. This study constructs a new theoretical framework for land use conflict assessment at the macro level, providing a novel approach for studying land use conflicts at the macro scale.

Институциональные проблемы и направления развития земельных отношений в аграрной экономике

Abstract. The land reform in Russia has led to the transformation of agriculture and the formation of a multi-structured agrarian economy. For more than thirty years of land reform, new institutional problems have emerged, which hinder the development of land relations and negatively affect the state of the agrarian sphere. Institutionalisation of land relations at the current stage of development implies the formation of an effective legislative field, ensuring an optimal structure of land use and equal competitive conditions for all forms of ownership and management. Accordingly, the key socio-economic task in the choice of strategy and tactics for the development of land relations in Russia is the search for methods and tools for their improvement. The purpose of the research is to study the institutional problems and determine the directions of land relations development in the agrarian economy. Methods. The research methodology was based on the analysis of fundamental and applied works of both Russian and foreign scientists-economists concerning institutional transformations in agriculture, as well as on normative-legal and legislative documents regulating land relations. The study applied a systematic approach to the subject area under consideration; dialectical, abstract-logical, graphical, empirical, economic-statistical and other methods of scientific analysis were used. Scientific novelty consists in substantiating the directions of improving the institutional aspects of land relations. Results. The current stage of land relations development in Russia has been analysed and the main institutional problems have been identified. The identified problems are caused by the unclaimed nature of a significant part of land shares, inappropriate use of agricultural land, lack of an effective mechanism for redistribution of non-functioning land, increasing land concentration in agricultural holdings. The directions for increasing the rational and efficient use of agricultural land are proposed.

Assessment of land use efficiency under carbon emission constraint: An empirical study of Pearl River Delta, China

Land use efficiency (LUE) is the comprehensive reflection of the input and output in the process of land resource utilization. However, carbon emission during this process will lead to a decrease in LUE. It is necessary to evaluate LUE under carbon emission constraint for urban sustainable development. Although the carbon emission and efficiency of land use have been extensively studied, few researches considered the uncertainties in carbon emissions when evaluating LUE. In this study, a comprehensive assessment model of LUE was proposed. Interval parameter is introduced to a super efficiency slack-based measurement (SBM) model, leading to an assessment method of interval LUE, which can analyze the impact of carbon emission on LUE. A case study in Pearl River Delta (PRD) was conducted from 2005 ~2020. Results revealed that the overall carbon emissions of land use in the PRD increased significantly during the study period. Particularly, Zhuhai and Huizhou had a relatively larger increase. In terms of the total amount of carbon emission, it was relatively higher in Guangzhou and Shenzhen than the other cities in the region. Taking the carbon emission into account, the LUE of PRD still improved, especially in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Jiangmen. However, an opposite trend was found for the LUE of Huizhou and Zhaoqing, changing from effective to ineffective. The LUE of Zhuhai and Zhongshan was always effective, while that of Dongguan was ineffective during the study period. In conclusion, the assessment method of LUE considering carbon emissions should be used to promote the efficient use of land resource. The results of the case study in this research can also provide decision-making reference for PRD and other urban agglomerations to improve LUE.

Building Footprint Extraction from Fixed-Wing UAV Imagery using Mask R-CNN and Object-based Image Analysis Methods (Case Study: Banturejo Village, Malang Regency)

Abstract As a developing area in Malang Regency, Banturejo Village has many potencies since its location near the tourism area of Selorejo Dam. To maximally the harness of potencies while maintaining efficient land use in Banturejo village, mapping the built area in large scale should be carried out. The photogrammetric techniques using fixed-wing UAV could be a good alternative for large-scale mapping in this village area because of its capability to quickly acquire high resolution image with highly customizable mission specifications. But the problem arises in interpreting these imagery into meaningful cartographic representation which often requires cautious manual digitization in much slower rate that its acquisition. In this research the automatic image analysis method for building footprint extraction using Mask R-CNN algorithm and Object-Based Image Analysis was performed. The fixed wing UAV imagery was captured in 2023 and the structure from motion algorithm was employed for photogrammetric processing which produced 10-cm resolution orthophoto. Manually digitized building polygons from the same imagery serve as the gold standard for accuracy analysis, and small proportion of the data was used as training samples for the algorithm. The results shows that 1447 buildings with total area of 180,595 m2 was generated with Mask R-CNN algorithm, while OBIA-Mask R-CNN produced 572 buildings and total area of 201,932 m2. The confusion matrices reveal precision value of 77.94%, recall 51.54%, F1 Score 62.02% by Mask R-CNN method, and precision value of 35.95%, recall 9.21%, F1 Score 14.66% by OBIA-Mask RCNN method. Mask R-CNN method generated slightly lower accuracy of total building area, but in terms of precision the OBIA-Mask RCNN method produces lower number of building polygons.

Impact Assessment of Mixed Land-Use Planning in Ethiopia: The Case of Addis Ababa

Urbanisation presents complex challenges that necessitate sustainable solutions for equitable resource distribution, environmental protection and economic growth. Mixed land-use planning (MLUP) offers a promising approach by integrating residential, commercial and recreational spaces, thereby enhancing urban resilience and inclusivity. However, its comprehensive impact on Addis Ababa remains underexplored, highlighting a notable research gap. This study aims to address this gap by examining the socio-economic, physical and environmental effects of MLUP across key Addis Ababa zones using a mixed-methods approach. Involving 384 households, 40 urban planning specialists and 14 key informants, including higher officials and diverse local community members from the Kir-kos and Bole sub-cities, the research used various sampling methods and data collected from 2002 to 2017 through surveys, interviews and observations. The analysis assesses MLUP’s role in promoting economic growth, social cohesion, efficient land use and environmental sustainability. Findings reveal considerable variations in MLUP’s impact on transportation and access to amenities, underscoring the need for context-specific planning. Insights from planners and community members highlight the benefits and challenges of MLUP and provide recommendations for improved urban planning practices that support sustainable urban environments.

Carbon loss and inequality exacerbated by embodied land redistribution in international trade

International trade profoundly impacts global land resource redistribution, creating significant inequalities. However, there is still a considerable gap in studies on land transfer and resulting environmental consequences. This study aims to illuminate inequality patterns by examining the global transfer dynamics of embodied cropland, forestland, and pasture in 2001, 2011, and 2021. The results reveal a notable increase in transfers within developing regions, rising from 21.8 % to 37.1 %. The direction of the largest shifts changed in embodied cropland and forestland. Embodied land outflows from developing regions were mainly related to primary products, while those from developed regions came from manufacturing and services. The carbon losses from trade-induced land use changes indicated that the world experienced an average loss of 37.25 million MgC/yr from carbon sink and 17.60 PgC from carbon storage in 2011. Developing regions not only provided land resources to developed regions but also bore the resulting carbon sink and storage losses. To prevent international trade from worsening regional inequalities and spreading environmental impacts, concerted efforts in improving land-use efficiency and conserving carbon stocks are alternative pathways to foster and promote global sustainability.

Innovative Strategy for Rainwater Harvesting in Saline-affected Urban Areas: A Case Study of a Sports Complex in Delhi

Water scarcity remains a critical global challenge, requiring immediate, sustainable management strategies, particularly in areas with an increasing disparity between water supply and demand. In India, and especially in Delhi, this issue is acute. In response to growing environmental concerns and the urgent need for sustainable water resource management, rainwater harvesting has emerged as a practical and effective solution for water conservation. This study investigates the application of rainwater harvesting to sustainably support water needs for a sports complex located in a salinity affected region. The land, originally intended for agriculture, has been converted into a complex featuring hydro-landscape facilities, including swimming pools, water polo areas, diving pools, toddler pools, and leisure pools. These facilities require an initial water input of 6,754.5 m³ and an annual replenishment of 7,957.28 m³ due to evaporation and seepage. By calculating the total rainwater harvesting potential based on the runoff coefficient, annual rainfall intensity, and the complex's catchment area, the study reveals that 29,693.8 m³ of rainwater can be harvested annually, providing a surplus of 14,981.7 m³ of potable water. This analysis demonstrates the viability of designing sports complexes in saline areas using efficient land use and rainwater harvesting, and presenting a scalable model for sustainable water management in similar regions worldwide.

Tobacco/Isatis intercropping system improves soil quality and increase total production value.

Continuous tobacco monocropping has caused soil degradation and yield reduction in China. Intercropping, as a specific and efficient cropping pattern, is highly associated with the enhancement of soil quality and land-use efficiency. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)- Isatis (Isatis tinctoria L.) intercropping can significantly alleviate pests and diseases, and improve soil potential and fertility in tobacco fields. In this study, comparative analysis of three different tobacco-Isatis intercropping (B2, B3, B4) and tobacco monocropping (B1) on the soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial community were conducted. B2, B3, and B4 importantly increased the contents of organic matter, available potassium, and available phosphorus content of the soil by 17.38%, 7.76%, and 2.78%, respectively. Moreover, B2 enhanced the activities of sucrase, urease, and catalase of soil by 2.35 times, 3.16 times, and 4.47 times, respectively, and B3 enhanced the activities of sucrase, urease, and catalase of soil by 2.74 times, 3.22 times, and 3.11 times, respectively. The intercropping pattern also optimized the structure of the soil microbial community. The relative abundances of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Nitrospirota, and Verrucomicrobiota in B3 and B4 were higher than those in B1. Positive links in soil bacterial correlation networks accounted for 47%, and soil bacteria formed a highly interactive and complex network. And compared with the B1, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were lower abundance in B2 and B4, Ascomycota were lower abundance in B3 and Mortierellomycota were lower abundance in B2 and B3. Compared with monocropping, the chemical composition of tobacco leaves was harmoniously improved and the total production value of tobacco fields was significantly higher. The content of reducing sugar, total sugar, nicotine, potassium, and two-sugar ratio of leaves were increased after intercropping. The proportion of top-grade tobacco leaves after roasting in B2, B3, and B4 treatments were increased by 8.19%, 16.74%, and 27.32%, respectively. The study constructs insights into microbial community interactions at in tobacco/Isatis intercropping systems, and may facilitate the further development of tobacco/Isatis intercropping systems.

Land-use competition in 1.5°C climate stabilization: is there enough land for all potential needs?

Achieving a low-carbon future requires a comprehensive approach that combines emission mitigation options from economic activities with the sustainable use of land for numerous needs: food production, energy production, carbon sequestration, nature preservation and broad ecosystem services. Using the MIT Integrated Global System (IGSM) framework we analyze land-use competition in a 1.5°C climate stabilization scenario, in which demand for bioenergy and natural sinks increase along with the need for sustainable farming and food production. We find that to address the numerous trade-offs, effective approaches to nature-based solutions (NBS) and agriculture practices are essential. With proper regulatory policies and radical changes in current practices, global land is sufficient to provide increased consumption of food per capita (without large diet changes) over the century while also utilizing 2.5–3.5 billion hectares (Gha) of land for NBS practices that provide a carbon sink of 3–6 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2 per year as well as 0.4–0.6 Gha of land for energy production—0.2–0.3 Gha for 50–65 exajoules (EJ) per year of bioenergy and 0.2–0.35 Gha for 300–600 EJ/year of wind and solar power generation. We list the competing uses of land to reflect the trade-offs involved in land use decisions, and note that while there is sufficient land in our scenario, attaining this outcome, capable of delivering a 1.5°C future, requires effective policies and measures at national and global levels that promote efficient land use for food, energy and nature (including carbon sequestration) and ensure long-term commitments by decision makers from governments and industry in order to realize the benefits of climate change mitigation.

Can Open Government Data Improve City Green Land-Use Efficiency? Evidence from China

This study adopted the double difference method to study the effect of open government data (OGD) on city green land-use efficiency (CGLUE). It was found that opening government data had a significant promotional effect on CGLUE, and a number of robustness tests were the foundation for this finding. A mechanism analysis demonstrated that two key avenues via which government data openness can promote CGLUE are raising public awareness of environmental issues and strengthening urban green innovation potential. A heterogeneity analysis found that the effect of government data openness on CGLUE was more obvious in eastern cities, cities with higher levels of digital finance, and non-resource-based cities. In addition, open government data also reduced urban carbon emissions while improving CGLUE, contributing to China’s “double carbon” goal.

PARADIGM DEVELOPMENT OF LAND RELATIONS AND HIGH-TECHNOLOGICAL LAND USE

The study substantiates that land resources are a strategic resource, the socio-economic development of society depends on the rationality and efficiency of their use. The economic content of the concept of «land relations» is generalized and it is revealed that they are a component of social relations, arise in the process of interaction of society with natural resources and regulate the norms of behavior of business entities of the agricultural sector of the economy within the framework of land legislation. The basis of land relations is the category of land ownership, therefore changes and development of organizational and legal forms of land ownership are perhaps the most important condition. It is worth noting that land relations in agriculture are part of production relations and can be both stimulating and restraining factors for the rational use of agricultural land and high-tech land use. It was found that land legislation in Ukraine remains fragmentary and often inconsistent between all regulatory acts, and changes to individual regulations and legal mechanisms cause risks for investors and landowners, which creates legal uncertainty and complicates the implementation of the efficiency of land resources use. High-tech land use is a direction of modern agrarian development aimed at increasing the efficiency of agriculture, preserving natural resources and ensuring food security. Systematizing the problems and directions of development of land relations and high-tech land use, it was highlighted that the main priority remains the implementation of the social function of land ownership and land use, which ensures the most efficient land use of land plots for their intended purpose. Thus, the main guidelines of land policy are the stability and effectiveness of the functioning of the system of land relations and agricultural land use, aimed at ensuring the country's food security and increasing the well-being of the population. The development of land relations and high-tech land use should be based on maximum consideration of natural, economic and social conditions and environmental requirements for preserving the environment, protecting land resources and restoring their fertility, increasing the productivity of the land fund, as well as limiting the negative impact of economic activity on flora and fauna, etc.

Variation in Soil Moisture Content and Soil Organic Carbon in Different Agroforestry Practices in Moshi Rural District, Northern Tanzania

Agroforestry has been widely practiced in the northern highlands of Tanzania because of its prominent effects in reducing soil losses, maintaining soil moisture contents (SMCs), and improving land-use efficiency and farmer’s livelihood. We tested the hypothesis that variations of soil moisture contents in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths from various agroforestry Practices differ significantly in intensified small-scale agroforestry systems. The relationship between SMCs and soil organic carbon was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected from 10 x 10 m2 plot in three points along the diagonal of the quadrat using soil auger. SMCs were determined by gravimetric method and expressed as SMC%. SOC was determined by Walkley and Black method and expressed as SOC %. The variation in SMCs% among the different agroforestry Practices were statistically determined by ANOVA in R software while the correlation between SMCs and SOC were statistically determined by Pearson product-moment analysis. Variation of SMCs was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) among surveyed sites. SMCs increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing soil depth from 0-40 cm depth in all agroforestry Practices except in the mixed intercropping agroforestry practice (MAP). At 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, SMCs differed significantly among agroforestry Practices (P = 0.071) and (P = 0.003), respectively. Coffee Intercropping Agroforestry Practice (CIAP) had higher (P<0.05) SMCs at 0-20 cm depth compared to BAP and MWPAP. But, at 20-40 cm depth, soil moisture contents in CIAP differed significantly (P<0.05) with SMCs all AFPs. SMCs showed a positively significant (P<0.05) relationship with SOC within 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. The current study confirms that different agroforestry practices have different influence on the amount and vertical distribution of soil moisture. Therefore, management practices in agroforestry systems should aim to encourage the use of practices which ensure a stable amount of moisture contents in the soil

Analysis of spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of land dividends in China.

This paper explores the classification, formation, measurement, evolution, and influencing factors of land dividends in China.It analyzes the nature of land value dividends and efficiency dividends, examines their spatio-temporal evolution, and investigates influencing factors via a regression model, providing insights for future development. The paper posits that changes in land use patterns primarily contribute to land value dividends, while efficiency dividends stem from improving land use efficiency within existing patterns. Presently, China is transitioning from a phase dominated by land value dividends to one marked by efficiency dividends. In terms of spatio-temporal dynamics, efficiency dividends display a fluctuating upward trajectory, whereas land value dividends and the overall quantity of land dividends demonstrate an initial ascent followed by a gradual decline, with the central region exhibiting the most pronounced changes. The analysis of influencing factors reveals a significant positive correlation between value dividends, the overall quantity of land dividends, and factors such as land transfer and capital investment, while efficiency dividends exhibit a significant positive correlation with urbanization. Consequently, the government should implement measures to sensibly regulate land quantity and layout, promote intensive and efficient land use, activate dormant land resources, and propel the optimization and high-quality development of land dividends.

Importance of modern innovative technologies in accounting of agricultural lands

This article describes rational and efficient use of agricultural land and, in particular, the importance of accurate accounting. The authors discuss the advantages and results of using modern innovative technologies in the land accounting today.