Efficiency In Different Regions Research Articles

The Analysis of Family Farm Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors: Evidence from Rural China

Improving the efficiency of family farms is of great significance to rural revitalization and agricultural modernization in China. In order to find out the development status and shortcomings of family farms in China, and put forward targeted policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of various family farms, this paper applies the DEA model to measure the efficiency of family farms from a micro perspective by using the field survey data of the national family farm demonstration bases of Wuhan and Langxi, China. In addition, the Tobit model is further applied to explore the factors that affect the efficiency of full sample family farms, as well as to compare and analyze the differences in the efficiency in different regions and of different operation types. The results show that the efficiency of family farms is low, the efficiency of family farms in Wuhan is higher than that in Langxi, and the efficiency of breeding family farms is higher than that of planting family farms and mixed family farms. Capital input, farmers’ education level, market channels, brand registration, fertilizer usage and financial credit have positively affected the efficiency of family farms, while government subsidies and natural disasters have had negative effects on it. Specially, the land operating area shows a U-shaped relationship with farm efficiency. The efficiency of planting family farms is positively affected by labor input, while that of breeding and mixed family farms rely more on capital input and financial credit instead.

Research on efficiency measurement of information industry chain integration based on multiple structures and its application in carbon management industrial park

ABSTRACT To promote the integration of the information industry, chain is of great significance for enterprises to improve quality, efficiency cost reduction and high-quality industry development. In this paper, based on the data envelopment analysis method, the efficiency measurement models of series structure, parallel structure and hybrid structure industrial chain are constructed under two different scenarios of central decision-making mechanism and decentralized decision-making mechanism. By quantifying the input and output resources that is in each link of the information industry chain integration process, measuring the input and output efficiency under different industrial chain integration structure; comparing and analyzing the integration efficiency of different regions, different links, discussing the cause of the differences in the integration efficiency of industry chain; thus, providing policy recommendations for the efficiency of industrial chain integration. In addition, taking the actual situation of two industrial parks with the main characteristics of carbon emission in a city of China as an example, the paper analyzes the difference of the integration efficiency of the information industry chain between the two parks. The empirical analysis shows that the information industry chain integration efficiency measurement model based on data envelope analysis theory is feasible and effective. It can not only measure the industry chain efficiency as a whole but also compare and analyze the integration efficiency of enterprises in different links of the industry chain.

Research on the Spatial Network Structure and Influencing Factors of the Allocation Efficiency of Agricultural Science and Technology Resources in China

The allocation efficiency of China’s agricultural science and technology resources (ASTR) varies in different regions and has a complicated spatial distribution pattern. To visually study whether there are correlations and mutual influences between the allocation efficiency of different regions, we use social network analysis methods (SNA). The study found that: (i) China’s allocation efficiency of ASTR has significant spatial correlation and spillover effects. The overall network density is declining. (ii) The spatial correlation network has significant regional heterogeneity. Some eastern provinces play “intermediaries” and “bridges” in the network. (iii) Geographical proximity, differences in economic development levels, industrial structure levels, and differences in urbanization have a significant impact on the formation of spatial association networks.

Crop diversification improves technical efficiency and reduces income variability in Northern Ghana

Crop diversification has been shown to help mitigate climate change effects for farmers. While previous research shows that crop diversification may increase or decrease technical efficiency in different regions, research on whether crop diversification involves a tradeoff between technical efficiency and income variability is limited. Using agricultural production data from Northern Ghana, this study uses the stochastic input distance function to examine the effects of crop diversification on technical efficiency. The study further explores effects of crop diversification on income variability using an ordinary least square regression to understand the nexus between technical efficiency and income variability in crop diversification. The results show evidence against a ‘tradeoff’ between technical efficiency and income stability for farmers in Northern Ghana. We find that crop diversification significantly improves efficiency and reduces income variability in Northern Ghana, so farmers do not have to give up efficiency for income stability or vice versa. This suggests that crop diversification could be an ideal Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) strategy for promoting agricultural growth and resilience in Northern Ghana. While our data has a maximum of three crops, which could limit generalization of results to farmers who grow more than three crops, our results make a novel contribution to the literature on crop diversification.

Computational evaluation of drug delivery in human respiratory tract under realistic inhalation

In recent years, pulmonary diseases have posed severe health problems because of increasing air pollution. Some of the promising drug delivery devices for administering the active pharmaceutical ingredients through the pulmonary route include a pressurized metered-dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler (DPI) for the management of respiratory illness. The drug settling (deposition) efficiency in different regions of a human respiratory tract (HRT) for different drug particle sizes is computed using the discrete phase model in the current study. A computer tomography-based realistic HRT replica is used for this purpose with different inhalation rates following a realistic inhalation profile through the DPI device. Unsteady flow analysis is carried out in a human respiratory system up to the sixth-generation bronchi. The particle force balance equation is used in the discrete-phase model to simulate the motion of drug particles in the HRT. Low, moderate, and high inhalation rates following realistic inhalation profiles are used in the present study. The particles of larger size are deposited more in the oral cavity and are deposited higher at a higher inhalation rate due to higher inertia force. It is also observed that drug particle size plays a key role in drug delivery through dry powder inhalers. It is also found that drugs should contain smaller-sized particles (called fine particles) to enable their reach in the distal bronchi.

Production efficiency and change characteristics of China's apple industry in terms of planting scale.

The global population is rapidly increasing, the arable land area is losing in a large scale, and the water supply capacity is limited. Meanwhile, China is in a critical period of the transformation of apple industrial structure, and the improvement of apple production efficiency is an important way to increase farmers' output and income, moderate-scale operation is the inevitable trend in agricultural modernization. However, few studies have explored the production efficiency of the apple industry from the perspective of planting scale. In China, there are seven major apple-producing provinces: Shaanxi, Shandong, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, and Liaoning. Therefore, based on provincial panel data of the seven main apple-producing areas in China, this study used the Malmquist productivity index and data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency level of the apple industry. At the same time, the threshold regression model was used to analyze the characteristics of the change in apple planting scale and production efficiency. The results showed that apple production efficiency in different regions of China exhibited regional differences and time series fluctuations. Apple planting scale had a "double" threshold effect, and the impact on apple production efficiency showed a "negative effect-positive effect" trend. Therefore, the suggestion is to appropriately adjust the scale of operation, take measures according to local conditions, promote the upgrading of apple production technology, and realize the integration of apple production and sales by using "Internet +."

Regional embodied Water-Energy-Carbon efficiency of China

Limited publications were designed to examine the Water-Energy-Carbon (WEC) efficiency of different regions. This study is the first to seek to identify the regional embodied WEC efficiency of China, including 31 of 34 provinces, using the Multiregional Input-Output approach. The provincial embodied WEC coefficients, total amount of embodied WEC, embodied amount of WEC per capita are explored. Results show that: i) Xinjiang (33 Gt/k€), Hebei (34 MJ/€) and Ningxia (5 t/k€) separately dominate the lists of provincial embodied water consumption coefficients, energy consumption coefficients and CO2 emission coefficients; ii) Shandong and Jiangsu consume the most embodied water at 109 Gm3 and 105 Gm3, embodied energy at 21 EJ and 20 EJ, and emit the most CO2 emissions at 2.7 Gt and 2.2 Gt. However, as the more developed province and with higher GDP, Guangdong has lower embodied WEC amount and higher WEC efficiency; ⅲ) The regions that have larger values of embodied WEC per capita, mainly located at the east and north-west of China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. This study targets the contribution to understanding the regional WEC efficiency performance, highlighting the spots and economies that deserve the uppermost attention for emissions reduction.

Regional Differences of Manufacturing Green Development Efficiency Considering Undesirable Outputs in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Super-SBM and WSR System Methodology

To explore the evolution mechanism of manufacturing green development efficiency is of great significance to realize green transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This paper fully considers the resource inputs and undesirable outputs in the production process and applies WSR methodology to construct the index system of influencing factors. Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1998 to 2017, the super-SBM model is used to calculate the manufacturing green development efficiency. Then, the regional differences of manufacturing green development efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are deeply analyzed. Finally, Tobit model is applied to analyze the influencing factors of the manufacturing green development efficiency. And it turns out, during the statistics period, manufacturing green development efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is “U” shaped distribution, the mean value of each province over the years is 0.812, which is at the medium development level; the manufacturing green development efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is on the rise, and the low scale efficiency is the main reason that restricts the manufacturing green development efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. All the influencing factors have different effects on the manufacturing green development efficiency in different regions. Therefore, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions from the three dimensions of Wuli, Shili and Renli.

Total factor energy efficiency in regions of China: An empirical analysis on SBM-DEA model with undesired generation

Due to the imbalance of regional development and the different energy efficiency of different regions in China, it is necessary to measure the total factor energy efficiency of various economic zones and get the actual situation of each region. The paper uses SBM-DEA Model considering undesired generations to measure the total factor energy efficiency in different regions of China. When analyzing the situation of multiple inputs and multiple outputs, the paper will adopt a decision making-unit that measures multiple inputs and outputs. Thirty provinces and municipalities are divided into eight economic zones by using the State Council’s division method. The average annual total factor energy measurement value in China from 2005 to 2016 is 0.4559 under the consideration of environmental constraints. With the existing technology and the constant investment scale, there is still a 50% increase in this value. This provides a theoretical upside for the further transformation and upgrading of China’s energy production capacity and the reform of the supply side. Then it uses Moran index to get the spatial correlation of TFEE separately. It shows that there is a significant spatial positive correlation of China’s total factor energy efficiency. The conclusion is that China’s total factor energy efficiency has not increased with economic growth, and the regional gap is large, and there is room for improvement of 50%. It also shows that there is a positive spatial correlation among regional TFEE values. That is, high TFEE value in certain area could promote the value of surrounding provinces, indicating that China’s current economic growth is still dominated by energy consumption, and China is also in the middle and late stages of industrialization.

Benchmarking of the road safety performance among the regions by using DEA

Road Safety Management has important role in reducing the Number of Traffic Accident Casualties, but also to reduce other negative Consequences of Traffic. First step in Road Safety Management is to define current state of the Road Traffic Safety Level and this is often an issue for Decision Makers. Furthermore, evaluation and comparison of the Road Traffic Safety Level presents a major Challenge in Traffic Safety Researches, especially when there is a need for comparison between different regions, in order to better understand local safety situation, to set particular targets and formulate actions. Second important Issue is choosing an adequate method which will make comparison fair to all compared units (departments, municipalities, regions and countries). A lot of studies are focused on methods for the calculation of the level of traffic safety which uses a single numerical value for the assessment of the level of traffic safety (composite performance index). In other words, by using appropriate techniques, traffic safety indicators are combined into a single performance index, in order to represent a grade of the Road Traffic Safety Level. The purpose of this study was to estimate performance i.e. the relative efficiency of different regions by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Particular method is tested in Montenegro on 21 municipalities and put in context with similar Research from Serbia where 27 police departments were involved.

Evaluation of resource utilization efficiency in obstetrics and gynecology units in China: A three-stage data envelopment analysis of the Shanxi province.

In China, health care resources for expectant mothers and children are still not utilized to full efficiency, with health requirements still not being met. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the efficiency of gynecology and obstetrics hospital (OB/GYN) units in Shanxi province of China, with the overarching objective of exploring methods for improving their efficiency. We employ the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of 134 OB/GYN units in Shanxi. The results show that the technical efficiency and scale efficiency scores of the sample units were low (0.48 and 0.54, respectively). The efficiency of the OB/GYN units varies by region, city, and county and by type of unit. We conclude that the main reason for the low efficiency of OB/GYN units in Shanxi province lies in the unreasonable scale. The government should, therefore, allocate health resources more reasonably, improving the efficiency of different regions, cities, and counties, as well as different types of OB/GYN units.

Analysis of Regional Differences and Influencing Factors on China’s Carbon Emission Efficiency in 2005–2015

With the challenge to reach targets of carbon emission reduction at the regional level, it is necessary to analyze the regional differences and influencing factors on China’s carbon emission efficiency. Based on statistics from 2005 to 2015, carbon emission efficiency and the differences in 30 provinces of China were rated by the Modified Undesirable Epsilon-based measure (EBM) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model. Additionally, we further analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency’s differences in the Tobit model. We found that the overall carbon emission efficiency was relatively low in China. The level of carbon emission efficiency is the highest in the East region, followed by the Central and West regions. As for the influencing factors, industrial structure, external development, and science and technology level had a significant positive relationship with carbon emission efficiency, whereas government intervention and energy intensity demonstrated a negative correlation with carbon emission efficiency. The contributions of this paper include two aspects. First, we used the Modified Undesirable EBM DEA Model, which is more accurate than traditional methods. Secondly, based on the data’s unit root testing and cointegration, the paper verified the influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency by the Tobit model, which avoids the spurious regression. Based on the results, we also provide several policy implications for policymakers to improve carbon emission efficiency in different regions.

Provincial Carbon Emissions Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China

We calculated provincial carbon emissions efficiency and related influencing factors in China with the purpose of providing a reference for other developing countries to develop a green economy. Using panel data covering the period from 2004–2016 from 30 provinces in China, we calculated the carbon emission performance (CEP) and the technology gap ratio of carbon emission (TGR) with the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and the meta-frontier model separately to analyze provincial carbon emissions efficiency in China. No matter which indicator was employed, we found that distinct differences exist in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China, and the eastern region has the highest carbon emission performance, followed by the central and the western regions. Then, the panel data Tobit regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions efficiency, and we found that scale economy, industrial structure, degree of opening up, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy intensity, government interference, ownership structure, and capital-labor ratio have different impacts on the carbon emission efficiency in different regions of China, which indicates different policies should be implemented in different regions.

Allocation of Regional Emission Permits in China: Based on the Technology of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction

As a large developing country experiencing rapid economic growth, China is facing the dual pressures and challenges of insufficient resources and protecting the ecological environment. However, China is a vast territory, and the spread of regional economic development is extremely uneven. Therefore, the responsibility for emission reductions undertaken by each region cannot be allocated equally. In response to this problem, this study proposes an emission permit allocation model that is built from the perspective of efficiency and energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) technology. Compared with other models, the model proposed in this study has two innovations. First, the model allows central decision makers to adjust the emission reduction index under various conditions and for various reasons. This further allows the total emissions reduction amounts to be adjusted. Second, the proposed model could also allocate emission permits from the perspective of ECER technology. An empirical study on the allocation of SO2 emission permits at provincial level in China shows the following: (a) The overall ECER level in China is low, and there are significant differences in ECER efficiency in different regions. (b) Significant differences in ECER technologies exist in different regions of China. In particular, the ECER technology standards in China’s northeast region are far below the national average. (c) Each province’s emission reduction targets should be reasonably set, based on actual production conditions. If excessive emission reduction targets are set, it becomes unreasonably difficult to complete the emission reduction task.

碳排放影响下的中国省域土地利用效率差异动态变化与影响因素

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 碳排放影响下的中国省域土地利用效率差异动态变化与影响因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201903020389 作者: 作者单位: 广州市社会科学院,陕西师范大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 广东省科技支撑计划（2014A070704014）；广州市科技计划项目（201704020136）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（18SZYB01） Dynamic change and driving factors of land use efficiency differences affected by carbon emissions at the provincial level in China Author: Affiliation: GuangZhou Academy of Social Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:土地利用效率是衡量区域经济社会系统运行质量的重要参数。在构建了考虑非期望产出的土地利用效率评价指标体系基础之上，综合运用Super SBM-undesirable DEA和多元统计等研究方法，分析了2003-2016年碳排放影响下的中国省域土地利用效率的时空特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明：中国区域土地利用效率处于中低水平，碳排放非期望产出降低了15%的土地利用效率水平；与全国发展水平空间格局一致，土地利用效率省际差异在空间上呈现出自东向西逐渐递减的分异特征；2003-2016年，土地利用效率演化呈现出"U"型演进特征，区域差异呈现收敛态势；不考虑非期望产出的土地利用效率水平呈现下降态势；非期望产出和能源消费投入过大成为土地利用效率提升的主要限制因素。经济发展水平、对外开放程度以及固定资产投资对土地利用效率的提升起到了显著的正向作用；现阶段城镇化水平的增加对土地利用效率的提升具有微弱促进作用，且仅在东部地区具有显著性。基于松弛变量冗余度和影响因素分析，针对不同区域土地利用效率低效的差异性因素，提出了相应的对策措施。 Abstract:Land use efficiency (LUE) is an important parameter reflecting the operation quality of regional economic and social system. Based on the evaluation index system of LUE considering undesirable output, this paper attempts to evaluate Land use efficiency in China based on the Super SBM-undesirable DEA model considering undesirable output and explores the influence factors of LUE in China during the period 2003-2016. The empirical results show that during the research period, most provinces in China are not performing efficiently. Additionally, the overall average level of China's LUE is at a medium or low level, and the carbon emission output reduces the level of LUE by 15%. Consistent with the spatial pattern of the national economic development level, the inter-provincial difference of LUE demonstrates a declining trend from eastern to western China. From 2003 to 2016, the evolution of the level of LUE demonstrates a "U" evolution feature, and the level of LUE without considering undesirable output presents a declining trend. Undesirable output and excessive energy consumption input become the main limiting factors for improvement of LUE. The level of economic development, the degree of opening-up, and the fixed assets investment have significant positive effects on LUE. At present, the increase of urbanization level has a weak promoting effect on improvement of LUE, which is only significant in the Eastern China. Based on the redundancy of slack variables and the analysis of influencing factors, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures against the different factors of LUE and low efficiency in different regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Fertilizer using intensity and environmental efficiency for China’s agriculture sector from 1997 to 2014

Agriculture produced the largest methane emissions in China. It is of great importance to investigate effect of fertilizer using intensity on the environmental efficiency of China’s agriculture. This paper mainly investigates the determinants of environmental efficiency of China’s agriculture. First, we estimate environmental efficiency of China’s agriculture of 30 provinces from 1997 to 2014 through metafrontier SBM super efficiency with undesirable outputs, which allow for technology heterogeneity in different regions. Then, we compare environmental efficiency in different regions. Furthermore, we also analyze whether heterogeneity of environmental technology widened or decreased. Last, we also explore the determinants of environmental efficiency of China’s agriculture through bootstrap truncation regression. We find that fertilizer intensity negatively affects environmental efficiency. Urbanization has significant positive (1.454) effect on environmental efficiency under metafrontier in the east. It is significant use more organic fertilizer to decrease CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions. It is important to enhance environmental innovation for China’s agriculture.

Research on the Differences of Ecological Efficiency of Low-carbon M&A among Enterprises under the Education of Ecological Civilization

Environmental education has a substantial impact on the behavior and performance of mergers and acquisitions. Low-carbon M&A is a new mode of mergers and acquisitions under the education of ecological civilization. This paper first analyses the improvement of ecological efficiency of low-carbon M&A in different regions and industries in China, but there are significant differences in the improvement of environmental efficiency in different regions and industries. The higher efficiency industries are mainly distributed in the capital-intensive industries, followed by labor-intensive industries, while the resource intensive industries are the lowest. The cleaner production industries are significantly higher than the pollution intensive industries. The main reason is that there are significant industrial differences in environmental education, energy structure and low-carbon technology. Regional environmental efficiency is higher in the Yangtze River Delta, followed by the Pearl River Delta, the Circum-Bohai-Sea Region, the worst. The main reason is that there are regional differences in environmental education investment, resource endowment, government intervention, marketization level, environmental policy and ecological civilization education system. Increasing investment in environmental education is one of the key means of improving ecological performance.

Measurement and Test of Government Supply Efficiency of Public Cultural Services in China

The scientific evaluation of government expenditure performance of public cultural services is the necessary basis for the formulation of relevant policies of public cultural services and the optimization of the structure of public cultural expenditure. This paper uses the data of 31 provincial governments in China from 2001 to 2013 to conduct an econometric test, investigates the government supply efficiency of public cultural services, and then analyzes the key areas of improving current regional public cultural supply capacity. The results are shown as follows: firstly, the average efficiency losses of the supply of public cultural services at the provincial level is 23%; secondly, according to the efficiency values of the provinces, there are three types of high, medium and low regions, and factors affecting government supply efficiency in different regions are different; lastly, in general, larger government size leads to lower efficiency, higher degree of fiscal decentralization higher efficiency, and higher proportion of cultural expenses lower efficiency, while the effect of the level of economic development on government supply efficiency is very weak. Accordingly, at the same time of promoting public culture services equalization, the regions should reduce government size, optimize fiscal expenditure structure, deepen fiscal and tax reform, improve the government executive power and so on, based on their own circumstances. But more importantly, the public cultural services should be open to the majority of the public, ensuring public cultural rights and needs of the majority.

Impacts of Rural Labor Resource Change on the Technical Efficiency of Crop Production in China

This paper probes effects of the evolvement of labor resources on technical efficiency in crop production in rural China. Based on twelve years of data on crop production of 30 provinces in China, a stochastic frontier production function model is used to measure crop production efficiency in three crop-functional areas—the production area, the consumption area, and the balanced area. Then effects of both quantity and quality change in labor force on technical efficiency in different regions of China are analyzed. Results show that rural China generally has an increasing number of employees shifted to non-agricultural sectors and a decreasing trend of the stock of human capital. However, both these two changes in rural labor force have significantly positive effects on improving crop production efficiency. In addition, China’s technical inefficiency is at an average of 22.2%. Dynamically, the technical efficiencies show a tendency to rise steadily throughout China and in three areas, while the consumption area possesses the highest technical efficiency. Those results may lend some experience for other countries that are currently experiencing rural labor force and economic transition.

RNA Polymerase-I-Dependent Transcription-coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair of UV-Induced DNA Lesions at Transcription Termination Sites, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

If not repaired, ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage can lead to genome instability. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV photoproducts is generally fast in the coding region of genes, where RNA polymerase-II (RNAP2) arrest at damage sites and trigger transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is RNA polymerase-I (RNAP1)-dependent TC-NER, but this process remains elusive. Therefore, we wished to characterize TC-NER efficiency in different regions of the rDNA locus: where RNAP1 are present at high density and start transcription elongation, where the elongation rate is slow, and in the transcription terminator where RNAP1 pause, accumulate and then are released. The Rpa12 subunit of RNAP1 and the Nsi1 protein participate in transcription termination, and NER efficiency was compared between wild type and cells lacking Rpa12 or Nsi1. The presence of RNAP1 was determined by chromatin endogenous cleavage and chromatin immunoprecipitation, and repair was followed at nucleotide precision with an assay that is based on the blockage of Taq polymerase by UV photoproducts. We describe that TC-NER, which is modulated by the RNAP1 level and elongation rate, ends at the 35S rRNA gene transcription termination site.