Efficacy Of Various Insecticides Research Articles

Efficacy of Various Insecticides Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton (Lab Trial), 1996

Abstract This test was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of various insecticides for control of TPB in cotton. Adult TPB were captured from flowering plants in the early spring before insecticide applications were initiated. Cotton plants were treated in the field, and immediately the terminals were cut and placed into water picks and transported to the lab. In the lab, 5 TPB adults were caged on the terminals, and allowed to feed for 24 h. The number of live and dead TPB was recorded. 48 hours after the plants were treated, additional terminals were cut, put in water picks and brought to the lab. TPB were placed on these in the same manner to test for the residual effect of the insecticide. Each treatment considered of 5 terminals with 5 TBP on each terminal. This was replicated four times for each treatment. Chemical application was made with a CO2 powered back pack sprayer with 1 TX 4 hollow cone nozzle per row traveling 4 mph delivering 5 gpa.

Efficacy of Various Insecticides Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton (Field Trial), 1996

Abstract This test evaluated the effectiveness of insecticides for the control of TPB in cotton. Plots were 8 rows wide and 50 ft long with 8 untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffei between plots. Plots were sampled 3 DAT for TPB in squares. Twenty-five randomly selected squares in each plot were sampled by visually observing the number of TBP adults and nymphs in each square. An insecticide application was applied on 9 Aug with a high-clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity.

Efficacy of Various Insecticides for Control of White Grubs, 1995

Abstract This test was conducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB, with 4 replications. The turf was treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The soil population consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gal/acre using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 88°F with winds < 10 mph. There was 0.23 inch of rainfall on 26 Jul, the day before the test. There was no additional rain until 5 Aug, when 1.78 inch fell. The curative application of Dylox 6.2G was made on 17 Aug, with 3/4 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment. All plots were sampled on 16 Sep. A motorized sod cutter was used to cut a 3 X 1.5 ft strip, about 3 inches deep, from the center of each plot. The sod was rolled back, broken apart, and examined for grubs, which were counted and identified.

Evaluation of Foliar Applied Insecticide for Spwf Control, 1991:

Abstract A small plot field study was conducted in a commercial cotton field near Monte Alto, TX, to evaluate control efficacy of various insecticides and insecticide combinations against the SPWF. Experimental plots measured 1 row (40 inches) by 25 ft, with 1 buffer row between plots. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 28 May and 3 and 10 Jun with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using 3, lOx nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops) in a total volume of 50 gal/acre (at 50 psi). Adult SPWF were sampled at 24 h after each application by counting the number of adults on the third fully expanded leaf from the top on 3 plants per plot. All other stages were sampled by removing designated leaves (1st sample–4th true leaf; 2nd sample–5th leaf from terminal; 3rd sample–6th leaf from terminal) from 3 plants per plot and transporting them to the laboratory for examination. Each leaf was placed under an index card containing 5 hole punches (0.25 inch diam each) and examined under magnification. All stages were counted and totaled for each leaf. Analyses for all SPWF stages were performed on the number collected per plot (total for 3 leaves). Counts for eggs and immatures were transformed using the Log transformation of data +1 because of unequal variances. On the last sample date, plots were given a visual rating on a 5 point scale of 1 to 3 with 0.5 increments based on the relative abundance of honeydew and sooty mold (1 least amount–3 heavy sooty mold).

Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Insecticide Combinations Against Heliothis Spp. and Boll Weevil on Cotton, 1987

Abstract A small-plot evaluation was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, La., to determine the efficacy of various insecticides and combinations in controlling boll weevil and Heliothis spp. on cotton. Plots were 4 rows × 36.6 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Cotton was planted 5 May on 1.02-m centers. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments were applied on 20 and 27 Jul and 3 Aug. All plots were oversprayed with Penncap-M 2M, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, on 24 Jun and with Guthion 2L, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, on 3, 16, 24, and 31 Jul for weevils. Following the last observation on 6 Aug, the entire test was oversprayed with a pyrethroid on 8, 16, and 22 Aug. Plant damage was monitored 2 - 3 days following each treatment application by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows from each plot on 24 Sep and 5 Oct.

Control of Pepper Weevil Adults, 1987

Abstract The efficacy of various insecticides and insecticide combinations for pepper weevil control was assessed by observing adult mortality in two experiments in mature bell peppers grown on a Hidalgo clay loam soil. Plots consisted of 0.004 acre (25 ft × two 40-inch beds) with one double-row bed as a buffer row. Four cardboard trays (18 × 24 inches) were anchored underneath plants to catch dying weevil adults. In the second experiment, the number of trays was increased to 6/plot. Treatments were randomized among plots and arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. Dead weevils were removed with a hand vacuum from each tray and counted at 1, 2, and 5 days after treatments were applied. The first experiment was sprayed on 24 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer mounted with 3 TX-18 nozzles/bed, calibrated to deliver 77 gal/acre at 50 psi. A water-only spray was used as the untreated check. The second experiment was conducted at a nearby location in a similar manner except that 45.5 gal/acre at 70 psi was delivered by 3 TX-10 nozzles/bed. Also, 4 replicates of each treatment were used in the second experiment.

Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Insecticide Combinations Against Heliothis Spp. on Cotton, 1985

Abstract A full-season field evaluation was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides and combinations in controlling Heliothis spp. on cotton. Plots were 4 rows × 30.5 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Cotton was plated 16 Apr on 1.02-m centers. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a COa system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments were applied on 16, 29 Jul, 5, 12, 19 and 26 Aug. All plots were oversprayed on 17 May with Bidrin 8M (0.10 lb (AI)/acre) for thrips and on 13 and 25 Jun with Orthene 75S (0.1875 lb (AI)/acre) for plant bugs. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored 2-3 days following each insecticide application by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot. Terminal counts (eggs and larvae) were not made following the last application date. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows from each plot on 11 Oct and 21 Nov. Insect data presented are seasonal means.

Insecticide Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1984

Abstract Small plot field studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS and Greenwood, MS to measure the efficacy of various insecticides in control of spider mites on cotton. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 2 rows (38 inch rows) by 50 ft with 1 buffer row between plots at Stoneville. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 4.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles. Applications were made on 6 Jun, 6 and 16 Jul. Plots were evaluated on 2, 11 and 19 Jul by examining 25 upper leaves in each plot for number of spider mites.

Seasonal Occurrence and Insecticidal Suppression of Eoreuma Loftini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Sugarcane1

Efficacy of various insecticides against Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), a stalk borer of sugarcane and other graminaceous species, was examined in two experiments on sugarcane near San Juan, Tex., in 1981. Three foliar insecticides currently registered for use on sugarcane (monocrotophos, azinphosmethyl, and carbofuran) reduced percent internodes bored relative to the untreated checks when sprayed at registered rates. The higher rates of azinphosmethyl and monocrotophos further reduced damage. Fenvalerate did not reduce percent internodes bored relative to the untreated check. No other insecticides tested gave significantly lower damage than monocrotophos and azinphosmethyl. Sampling methods for efficacy were compared. Unlike the standard damage measure of percent internodes bored in mature cane, other earlier sampling methods did not detect differences between carbofuran and the untreated check. Analysis of percent stalk infestation over the eight postspray sample dates indicated reduced populations in monocrotophos- and azinphosmethyl-treated plots compared to untreated check plots and fenvalerate- and carbofuran-treated plots. On specific sampling dates, this pattern was most evident during June and July when cane growth is rapid and E. loftini populations are high in untreated check plots. The combined analysis of the July and September sample dates for either percent internodes bored or for percent stalks with bored internodes demonstrated the efficacy of monocrotophos and azinphosmethyl compared to the untreated check, but analysis by individual dates did not consistently demonstrate this efficacy. Percent larval mortality was greater in monocrotophos- and azinphosmethyl-treated plots compared to untreated check plots when data were analyzed across all postspray dates. However, percent mortality was too variable for this consistent pattern to be significant on any specific sampling date. Although populations of E. loftini peaked during June, generations broadly overlapped. Population levels were positively correlated with final damage. Larvae were found only in leaf sheaths and stalks. Larvae in stalks were generally larger than larvae in leaf sheaths. Pupae were located within the stalk and constituted a low percentage of individual E. loftini found in both treated and untreated check plots (0–8.3%).

Control of Boll Weevil, 1983

Abstract A caged boll weevil study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides in control of the cotton boll weevil. Plots were two rows by 45 ft with two buffer rows separating plots. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Insecticide applications were made through a CO2 back-pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 7 gal/acre volume through two TX-4 nozzles (equipped with 100 mesh screens) per row. Adult boll weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at MSU. Nylon cloth bags, ca. 12 by 12 in. were used to cage the weevils on individual plants within plots. The weevils were placed into the bag which was then inverted over the treated plant and the open end of the bag secured on the stalk. Mortality was evaluated after the weevils had been caged for 24 h. Residual activity of five treatments was evaluated by caging weevils on the plants on 3 consecutive days (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h posttreatment), and evaluating mortality after the weevils had been caged for 24 h.

Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Insecticides, 1983

Abstract A full Season study was conducted at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. St., Mississippi State, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 825’ on 7 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 21.34 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2. through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Applications were made at ca. weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on 25 Jul., 1, 8, 16, 19 and 22 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 June, 8, 18, 22, 29 July, 10, 22 and 24 Aug. with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). One row within six of the plots was artificially infested with 2nd instar H. virescens larvae by use of a bazooka type insect dispenser. Infestations were made on 2 days during the insect application period at the rate of two larvae per ft of row. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 4 and 9 Aug. by randomly examining 25 squares and 25 terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 and 31 Oct. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.

Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Insecticides, 1982

Abstract A full-season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Forestry and Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted on May 20. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (3.66 m) x 27.43 m with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 7.8 gal/acre at 76 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row. Applications were made at ca weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on Jul 14, 23, 29, Aug 5, 11, 17 and 25. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression on Jul 27, Aug 2, 10, 18, 21, 27, 31, Sep 15 and 29 with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.07 m row length. Yield data were taken on Oct 25, 26 and 27 by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot.

Insecticide Treatments for Tarnished Plant Bug and Cotton Flea Hopper Control, 1982

Abstract Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted at the Red River Valley Agricultural Experiment Station, Bossier City, LA, to examine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling tarnished plant bugs and cotton flea hoppers on cotton. The effect of the various insecticides on beneficials was also examined. The first test was conducted on ‘DPL 61’ variety cotton planted May 5 on a combination Norwood loam and Norwood very fine sandy loam soil. The second test was conducted on ‘DPL 55’ variety cotton planted May 12 on a Latanier silty clay loam soil. Plots in both tests were 8 rows x 30.5 m (1.02 m centers) arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart (2/row). Insecticides were applied Jun 14 in the first test and Jun 24 in the second test. Yields were taken Oct 10 only in the first test. Single 50-sweep samples/plot were taken in the first test to determine both pretreatment and post-treatment insect levels. In the second test, the pretreatment count was based on a single -50-sweep sample/plot while the 2 post-treatment counts were based on single 100-sweep samples/plot.

Control of Boll Weevil in Cotton, 1982

Abstract A full-season study was conducted on the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling boll weevils in cotton. Plots were planted on May 22. All plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (.92 m/row) x 27.4 m long. Plots were separated by 4 rows of DeKalb ST-6 Sudax. The tall-growing grass was used to form a physical barrier around each plot and reduce inter-plot movement of boll weevils. Insecticides were applied by 1 of the following methods: (1) high volume (6.5 gal/acre) through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row in water, (2) low volume (1.4 gal/acre) through 1 Micromax nozzle/row in soybean oil, or (3) low volume (1.4 gal/acre) through 1 Micromax nozzle/row in water. Applications were made at weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on Jun 21 and 28, Jul 2, 6, 16, 17, 19, 22 and 27, Aug 3, 10, 13, 17 and 19. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression due to wet conditions on Aug 2, 16, 21 and 31 with 0.25 lb ai Guthion, and oversprayed for bollworm suppression on Aug 3 with 0.15 lb ai Ambush. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.06 m row length. Yield data were taken on Oct 26 and 27 by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot. Extremely wet conditions from ca mid Jul to mid Aug confounded test results. These rains washed off and prevented insecticide applications, allowing the boll weevil population to increase to extraordinary levels. After Jul 15 no significant differences were detected between treatments in percent of squares which were weevil punctured. For this reason, we do not consider yield data to be indicative of the efficacy of the insecticide treatments. For evaluation, we considered the percent boll weevil punctured squares on Jul 15 to be more indicative of boll weevil control. Seven treatments had significantly (P = 0.05) smaller percentage weevil squares punctured than the untreated check. Of these seven, 5 were insect growth regulators and 2 were chemical insecticides.

Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton, 1981

Abstract Two full season studies were conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted with ‘Stoneville 213’ cotton on May 21. All plots were replicated 4 times and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 row (0.91 m) x 30.48 m long with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 56 liters/ha at 2.46 kg/cm through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row.

Wireworms: Efficacy of Various Insecticides for Protection of Potatoes in Southern Alberta1

Granular fonofos, and granular AC 92100 [ O, O -diethyl S-( t -butylthio) methyl phosphorodithioate], each at 2 lb AI acre in-furrow, gave excellent protection of potatoes against wireworms in irrigated soils of southern Alberta. Fonofos was particularly effective over 2 consecutive years and provided better control than registered chlordane or carbofuran in-furrow broadcast. Chlordane and carbofuran were not significantly better than the checks in several tests, and HCS-3260 (alpha gamma chlordane) was no more consistent in its protection of potatoes than was chlordane. Fensulfothion, ( O, O -diethyl O-p -[(methylsulfinyl)phenyl] phosphorothioate), applied in-furrow or broadcast, gave variable tuber protection but appeared to be slightly better than chlordane or carbofuran. Fonofos, AC 92100, fensulfothion, and PP211 [ O, O -diethyl O -(2-diethyl-amino-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate] were as effective against the sugarbeet wireworm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim), as against the prairie grain wireworm, Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown).

Studies on the Efficacy of Various Insecticides Against Mustard Aphid [Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt)

Abstract An experiment was designed to test the efficacy of various insecticides for the control of mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt)) on mustard (Brassica juncea), variety RL 18 at the Research Farm of the Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar (India). Out of the 13 insecticides tried, each at two levels, it was found that methyldemeton 250 ml and menazon 250 g a.i. gave the maximum control of mustard aphid. Maximum yield of 1111 kg/ha was obtained with methyldemeton 250 ml (a.i./ha) against 360 kg/ha of the control.

A trial on chemical control of mango leaf hoppers (Idiocerus atkinsoni L. and I. clypealis L.)

Different workers from time to time advocated different formulations of insecticides against mango leaf hoppers. An attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides against this pest. The authors have tried in their control experiments for two seasons (1958-59; 1959-'60) four insecticides, viz., DDT 50% W. P., BHC 50% W. P., Parathion (Ekatox 20% W. P.) and Endrin 20% E. The general belief of the workers in the use of Parathion is not favourable because it being a phosphatic compound is toxic to the operators and the workers engaged in the orchards. However, this fear seems to be baseless as the concentrations used are very light. What is required is a little care while spraying. It was successfully sprayed on the orchards without any adverse effects on the persons concerned. The purpose of using Endrin for jassids was simply to assess its efficacy as it is usually considered to be a good insecticide for controlling immature stages of insects. BHC also was tried for comparing its efficacy with the other insecticides mentioned in the above para.

二三殺蚤劑効力檢定試驗成績

二三殺蚤劑効力檢定試驗成績