Efficacy Of Cream Research Articles

Formulation and evaluation of ointment containing hydroalcoholic extract derived from the bark of Moringa oleifera for wound healing activity in rat model

Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a hydroalcoholic extract derived from the bark of Moringa oleifera in facilitating the healing process of second-degree burns wounds. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment was carried out on standardized M. oleifera bark to ascertain its physiochemical characteristics, botanical compound layout, and antioxidant activity, all of which play a crucial role in its capacity to facilitate the healing process of burns. Methods: For 14 days, the efficacy of ointments containing a hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera bark at concentrations of 5% and 10% was evaluated for treating second-degree burns in rats. Additionally, histological analysis was conducted on skin tissue samples. Results: The M. oleifera bark extract exhibited TPC (52.56 mg/gm of dried extract) and TFC (84.33 mg/gm of dried extract) value along with antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 0.98 µg/ml) for radical scavenging, in the presence of several phytochemicals. The most favorable outcomes were achieved using a 10% ointment composition, demonstrating a wound closure and tissue repair rate of 83.04 ± 0.89%, along with a noteworthy decrease in tissue oxidative stress indicators. Histological investigations have verified the wound-healing properties of M. oleifera bark extract. Conclusion: Due to its significant antioxidant properties and its capacity to create a moist environment for wounds, M. oleifera has the potential to serve as a natural treatment for burns. Additional clinical trials are recommended to validate the efficacy of M. oleifera bark extract as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.

Biocompatibility and Post-Marketing Surveillance Study of Emollient Plus Medical Device Cream Containing Oligofructans from Ophiopogon japonicus and Acetyl Heptapeptide-4 in Atopic Dermatitis Skin Care

Emollients plus are defined as topical formulations containing active ingredients with no pharmacological effect. They are designed to target multiple mechanisms in AD pathophysiology. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of emollient plus medical device cream by performing a post-marketing surveillance study. It was carried out in cooperation with 88 members of the Polish Association for Atopic Diseases who were diagnosed with AD and voluntarily fulfilled the questionnaire after 14 days of product use. Additionally, the medical device underwent in vitro/ex vivo testing. Cytotoxicity was assessed by in vitro studies: direct MTT assay and indirect Agarose Overlay Assay. An ex vivo EpiDerm™ culture (EPI-200) was used to investigate the irritation potential, and culture medium was collected after 18 h of contact with the skin model to perform a flow cytometric for the analysis of inflammatory cytokines. A dermatological assessment with the local SCORAD was employed to confirm the efficacy of the cream. It was found that 86% of patients with AD observed an improvement in their skin condition during the two-week testing period. In vitro/ex vivo assays confirmed that the product is safe, non-irritant, and does not stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines. According to the local SCORAD, the symptoms of AD were alleviated. Moreover, preliminary studies indicated its efficacy in eliminating S. aureus on patients’ skin.

Preparation and Evaluation of a Brassica nigra Cream Efficacy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, A Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

Preparation and Evaluation of a Brassica nigra Cream Efficacy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, A Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

The efficacy of antiaging cream with Oxalis dehradunensis R. ethanolic extract as skin aging care among woman agriculture workers.

Skin damage and aging are potential health problems for woman agriculture workers. This study aimed to test the efficacy of Oxalis dehradunensis ethanol extract formulated in antiaging cream preparations as an aging treatment in women agriculture workers. The method carried out was an experimental study on woman agriculture workers who were willing to volunteer. The experimental scenario conducted related to the physical quality of antiaging cream products and the efficacy of creams on the skin as an antiaging treatment. Physical quality parameters of antiaging cream include organoleptic assessment, cream emulsion, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, distribution, and skin irritation test to evaluate potential side effects. Skin aging efficacy assessments were conducted on 12 subjects divided into four formula concentration groups. The physical skin identification parameters measured are moisture, pore size, pigmentation or spots, and wrinkles using a skin analyzer. The results found that O. dehradunensis leaf extract formulated as an antiaging cream can neutralize free radicals and is an effective countermeasure against premature skin aging. There were significant differences in the skin characteristics of woman agriculture workers who participated as samples. The formula with 5% concentrate and 7% extract of O. dehradunensis has provided a reaction and is more effective in continuous treatment. It provides skin moisture changes of more than 300%, disguises pore size and good pigmentation, and reduces wrinkles of farmers who are constantly exposed to chemicals and free radicals in their agricultural activities. The leaf extracts antiaging cream showed more significant changes in moisture and skin pigmentation. It was concluded that the use of O. dehradunensis leaf extract as the core ingredient of antiaging cream can be an innovation that is beneficial to the health of the farming community, especially among women agriculture workers.

Pain and Inflammation Management: Part-II Clinical Investigation of a Topical Ayurvedic Cream called HerboCare or HerboJointTM

Background: Joint pain and chronic inflammation pose significant health challenges, particularly among the elderly population. Current treatments often offer only temporary relief and are associated with potential side effects. Ayurvedic botanical herbs and oils, known for their phytochemical-rich, anti-inflammatory properties, hold promise in addressing these issues.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of HerboCare orHerboJoint™, a topical Ayurvedic cream, in alleviating muscle discomfort, inflammation, and joint pain, along with its impact on inflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-α on human subjects. While HerboCare or HerboJoint had a very low content of Menthol, HerboJoint-Plus (not reported in this study) was formulated with a much higher content of USP grade Menthol.Methods: HerboCareor HerboJoint™ cream, formulated with essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Hedychium spicatum, Zanthoxylum alatum, and Menthol (Mentha arvensis), was evaluated in two sets of clinical trials over a 90-day period. Patients with joint pain were divided into different treatment groups, and their pain, swelling, stiffness, and inflammatory marker TNF-α were assessed.Results: In the first set of trials, HerboCare orHerboJoint™ significantly reduced joint pain (29%), joint swelling (31%), and joint stiffness (60%) in patients. In the second set, TNF-α levels were reduced by 38% in the HerboCare orHerboJoint™-only group, 63% in the HerboCare orHerboJoint™ and prescribed formulation group, and 71% in the group receiving only the prescribed formulation. These results underscored the cream's efficacy in mitigating inflammation.Conclusion: HerboCare orHerboJoint™, formulated with Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)-affirmed botanical ingredients, demonstrates clinical effectiveness in relieving joint pain and inflammation. This Ayurvedic approach offers a safe and cost-effective alternative for managing these debilitating conditions.Keywords: Muscular discomfort,Joint Pain, Essential Oils; Menthol; Inflammatory Cytokines; Clinical Study

384 Ruxolitinib 1.5% cream efficacy data for moderate-to-severe chronic hand dermatitis: open-label trial 4-weeks interim analysis

Abstract Chronic hand dermatitis (CHD) is a common condition with a profound negative effect on patients’ quality of life (QoL) presenting with a wide range of clinical manifestations often involving a combination of erythema, edema, scaling, vesicles and fissuring with intense pruritus and pain. (i) The clinical heterogeneity reflects the complex, multifactorial pathophysiology, with irritant/allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis as predominant etiological subtypes. (ii) Treatment of CHD remains challenging with no FDA-approved medications; routine treatment options include avoidance of relevant allergens/irritants, emollients, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and systemic immunosuppressive medications. (iii) Providers and patients are often frustrated with unsatisfactory treatment options for CHD. (iv) Topical ruxolitinib, currently FDA-approved for vitiligo and AD, is a Jak1/Jak2 inhibitor that blocks the signaling pathway of several cytokines with a potential to block critical inflammation in CHD. An investigator-initiated, open-label, single-site study (NCT05293717) is currently ongoing to assess the clinical efficacy of 12-weeks treatment with ruxolitinib cream 1.5% in recalcitrant CHD. Here we report the results of an interim analysis after 4 weeks of treatment. This is the first study evaluating the efficacy of ruxolitinib on CHD. This study aims to investigate clinical efficacy and impact on quality of life after 4 weeks of treatment with ruxolitinib 1.5% in moderate-severe CHD. This is an open-label investigator-initiated trial in subjects with recalcitrant CHD. After a washout period, subjects (n = 15, age 18–75) applied ruxolitinib twice daily to the entire hands. Moisturizers were allowed if consistently used before and during the study. Subjects with positive PATCH test that could not avoid the antigen and subjects that reported prolonged contact with water were excluded. Subjects were not permitted to treat skin lesions outside of the hands with prohibited medications or the study drug. Clinical assessments include Investigator Global Assessment (IGA, 5-point scale: clear, almost clear, mild, moderate and severe), Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI, a validated scoring system that incorporates both the severity and extent of the disease across fingers, palms, dorsal hands and wrists [5]), Itch Numerical Rating Scale (NRS, average itch over the past 24 h) and change in QoL were assessed with Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The study drug diary, a prepopulated calendar for each month, records AM/PM drug application and average and worst itch on a scale of 0–10 over the past 24 h. Fourteen subjects (eight female; mean age 50 years) completed the first 4 weeks of treatment. Notably, all the subjects had previously failed topicals (corticosteroid and/or calcineurin inhibitors) and in some cases systemic (e.g. oral steroids, methotrexate and phototherapy) treatments. At baseline, all subjects had an IGA score ≥2 and moderate to severe HECSI score (mean ± SD: 55.7 ± 23.2). The average itch at baseline was moderate (NRS, mean ± SD: 5.5 ± 3.39). After 4 weeks of treatment, 79% of subjects had a ≥2-point reduction in IGA. One hundred percent subjects reached HECSI-50%, and 64% reached a HECSI-75 with a mean reduction in HECSI of 44 (P < 0.01). Seventy-one percent of subjects had a ≥2-point reduction and 57% of subjects had a ≥4-point improvement in average itch (NRS; P < 0.01). Interestingly, 75% of the subjects had a ≥2-point reduction in reported worst daily itch within the first week as noted in their study drug diary. The DLQI was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the first month. No treatment-related adverse events were reported, and no rescue medication was needed. Data from 4 weeks interim analysis are encouraging and suggest that ruxolitinib 1.5% may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for moderate-severe CHD with significant impact on subject’s quality of life. Trial is ongoing to evaluate clinical outcomes at 12 weeks.

Biochemical and planimetric investigations of hydrophilic creams containing ceramides or dexpanthenol on the model of chemical burns

Introduction and aim. Chemical burns of the skin are common type of injuries both in private life and in industries. Local treatment of chemical burns using wound healing creams and ointments is predominant. Hydrophobic wound healing medicinal products dominate the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market but their hydrophobic base disturbs the healing process of skin. The aim of this work was biochemical and planimetric investigation of treatment efficacy of chemical burns with hydrophilic creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 30 rats weighing 190–220 g. In a rat skin burn model, animals were exposed to 9% acetic acid solution. Treatment was initiated after wound appearance and included application of creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. The effectiveness of treatment was estimated using planimetric parameters, such as: surface area of necrotic tissue (S, mm 2 ) and cumulative reparative effect. Levels of the biochemical markers such as total protein, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and content of SH-groups were measured in the rats’ blood serum. Results. It was established that cream developed with ceramides and cream with dexpanthenol exhibits reparative properties at the level of 29 % and 4.5 %, respectively. Biochemical investigations demonstrated the treatment efficacy of creams containing ceramides and dexpanthenol. In terms of CRP level and content of SH-groups, the therapeutic action of cream with dexpanthenol was highly significant by a factor of 1.45 and 1.35, respectively in contrast to the cream with ceramides. Conclusion. Using the chemical burn model and results of planimetric and biochemical research it was found that cream with ceramides and cream with dexpanthenol exhibit wound-healing properties. In-depth study on the wound-healing mechanism of investigated creams with the aim of creating effective hydrophilic creams for use in burn treatment is prospective.

Comparative study of the efficacy of a Chelating Cream in patients with bruises after blepharoplasty: a pilot study

Purpose: Blepharoplasty is a common surgical technique, performed mainly for aesthetic purposes and for functional disorders of the periorbital, which corrects excess skin of the upper eyelids or excess fat in the lower bags. As a side effect, periorbital hematomas usually occur, which can be annoying for patients. Ice water compresses and head elevation are used, without scientific evidence, for recovery, but specific creams, such as those with lactoferrin, can accelerate tissue repair processes. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of a cream containing lactoferrin encapsulated in liposomes, Kelador®, to reduce post-blepharoplasty bruises. Methods: This controlled, prospective, randomized, single-centre pilot clinical study was conducted at the Barraquer Clinic in Barcelona, Spain. All patients underwent a blepharoplasty, and periorbital hematomas were treated with a Chelating Cream (Kelador®). Patients were followed up two and nine days after surgery, where clinical data and photographs were taken. Images were assessed through an objective analysis method developed with the ImageJ® software. Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled, 16 women and three men. The median age was 60.37 years (SD 14.22), and the median of treatment days was 8.2 (SD 1.6). The mean Reduction % in the treated eyes was 33.3 (SD 31,0), and in untreated eyes, 17.7 (SD38,1). Differences were statistically significant (p = 0.00667). Conclusions: Using a Chelating Cream containing lactoferrin encapsulated in liposomes, such as Kelador®, accelerates the reduction of bruise colour after a periocular intervention such as blepharoplasty.

Effect of the ointment based on benzosulfonate 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-bis(N-methylcarbomoyl) imidazolium on wound healing in thermal skin damage in rats

AIM: Of the investigation was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of ointment based on benzosulfonate 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-bis(N-methylcarbomoyl) imidazolium, an imidazol derivative, on healing of a thermal skin damage (burn wound) in rats.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In experiments on 150 male rats weighing 180200 g, the wound-healing effect of an ointment based on benzosulfonate 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-bis(N-methylcarbomoyl) imidazolium (IEM-1181) after experimental thermal skin damage was studied. The ointment containing 10% of the compound IEM-1181 was prepared by the pharmacopoeial method based on lanolin. The control was the placebo effect (the basis of the ointment). For comparison, we used Solcoseril (ointment, Solco, Switzerland). Thermal damage to the skin of rats under ether anesthesia was carried out with a special device consisting of a metal plate and a temperature controller. The surface of the plate with a diameter of 1,5 cm was heated for 15 minutes to a temperature of 80С, and then applied to the pre-cut skin of the rats back (from the scapula caudally) for 15 seconds. After 24 hours, the skin of the animals developed damage to the epidermis and partially underlying dermis, corresponding to a grade II burn. The dynamics of changes in the burn wound was evaluated by 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70 days along the length of the contour bounding the affected area, using a curvimeter.
 RESULTS: It was found that 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-bis(N-methylcarbomoyl) imidazolium benzosulfonate has a wound-healing effect in thermal skin damage in rats. With topical application of the ointment containing the test compound, the time of complete healing of the wound formed at the site of the burn defect was reduced by 30%, healing took place without signs of inflammation, with the formation of an elastic scar.
 CONCLUSIONS: Based on the conducted studies, it can be concluded that the ointment based on benzosulfonate 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-bis(N-methylcarbomoyl) it has a wound-healing effect in thermal damage to the skin comparable in terms of the duration and degree of healing of burn defects with Solcoseril and can be the drug of choice for the treatment of grade II burns.

Influence of the Oil Phase on the Wound Healing Activity of Sea Cucumber Extract-Based Cream Formulations

Sea cucumbers are attractive marine natural sources as they are enriched with functional biomaterials that can contribute in accelerating wound healing. The present study was carried out to prepare cream formulations comprising extract of sea cucumber with different type of oil phase, namely F1 (olive oil), F2 (tea tree oil) and F3 (lemongrass oil) to assess the influence of the oil on the physicochemical properties and the wound healing efficacy of the creams. The formulated creams showed satisfactory physicochemical characteristics such as homogeneity, spreadability, rheology, pH, and showed no evidence of phase separation even when the creams were kept at extreme conditions. The ex vivorelease profile of sea cucumber extract from the formulated creams was determined by using a Franz diffusion cells. F3 demonstrated a constant and yield the highest release percentage of sea cucumber extract, followed by F2 and F1. Topical application of the formulated creams on the excision wound in rats showed a significant wound healing efficacy compared to the control group. Among the creams formulation, F1 demonstrated a significantly higher rate of wound closure compared to F2, F3, and positive control. The wound healing efficacy of the formulated creams were not dependent on the ability of the oils in promoting skin permeation for the release of sea cucumber extract. This study depicted that lemongrass oil acted as a good skin permeation enhancer for the release of sea cucumber extract while olive oil worked in a more synergistic manner with sea cucumber extract in promoting wound healing.

Formulation and Evaluation of Safety and Antifungal Efficacy of Syzigium Aromaticum-Base Cream on Guinea Pigs Infected with Trichophyton Mentagrophytes

Background: The increasing incidence of dermatophytoses in the world and the side effects of the current therapies encouraged the search of alternative drugs. Hence the objective of this work was to determine antidermatophytes activity of Syzigium aromaticum formulate antidermatophytic cream. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared by maceration of plant materials into methanol. Three formulations of creams were made, and the best was chosen according to its physicochemical stability and appearance. The acute dermal toxicity and antidermatophytic efficacy of the cream was performed on guinea-pig. Results: The methanolic extract of S. aromaticum was incorporated in the final cream formulation. The formulation containing shea-butter 58.5%, acetylic alcohol 2.5%, stearic acid 1.5%, bee-wax 10%, borax 1.5%, polysorbate 60 2.5%, 2 drops of lactic acid and water was chosen because of its good appearance and stability. The cream with methanolic extract of S. aromaticum did not reveal any dermal toxic effect. The cream efficacy was dose-dependent. The treatment with cream at 5% methanolic extracts of S. aromaticum revealed the best potency after 14 days of treatment. Conclusion: These results show that the cream at 5% methanolic extract of S. aromaticum seed is promising in the treatment of dermatophytoses and could be used as an alternative in the development of a new therapy.

Improvement of a slimming cream's efficacy using a novel fabric as a transdermal drug delivery system: An in vivo and in vitro study.

Penetration of any compound into the body from the outside is prevented primarily by the corneal layer of the epidermis. The only way to circumvent the properties of the corneal layer is to disrupt it. Currently, transdermal systems can currently only deliver drugs that are of low molecular weight. The purpose of the present study was to assess the improvement of the slimming cream's efficacy using a novel fabric, with the aim of developing an improved method for transdermal drug delivery. The current study was conducted on four groups of guinea pigs. The control group was untreated, whereas the test groups were treated with either slimming cream and no fabric, slimming cream with 100% cotton fabric or slimming cream with the novel fabric. Ultrasound and microscopic histological analysis were used to assess animals. The results demonstrated that compared with the other groups, the novel fabric group demonstrated the greatest reductions in fat layer thickness, adipocyte size and number and proliferator-activated receptor-γ levels in adipose tissue. Furthermore, the novel fabric also enhanced the transdermal delivery of rhodamine B base and caffeine penetration compared with the control fabric (3.18-fold). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the novel fabric can potentially be used to enhance transdermal drug delivery.

Comparative Evaluation of the Antiherpes Activity of Compounds with Different Mechanisms of Action

Experiments on cell cultures addressed the antiviral properties of 2-anilino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol and N-(3,5-di-tert-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, both of which are o-aminophenol derivatives, and 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid against herpes simplex virus and in experimental cutaneous herpes in white mice. Assessment of the data obtained here indicates that all three study compounds were significantly less active than acyclovir in cell cultures. In experiments on laboratory animals, the efficacy of ointment containing N-(3,5-di-tert-2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide was comparable with that of acyclovir ointment, while ointments containing 2-anilino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were less active.

Alp Rose stem cells, olive oil squalene and a natural alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier: Are they appropriate ingredients of skin moisturizers - in vivo efficacy on normal and sodium lauryl sulfate - irritated skin?.

Since skin moisturization may be achieved by both actives and chosen carrier, plant stem cells, squalene and natural alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier may be potential components of contemporary cosmetic products. The aim of the study was in vivo evaluation of the skin irritation potential and the efficacy of Alpine Rose stem cells incorporated into li-posomes and olive oil squalene as ingredients of moisturizing creams, with respect to the novel emulsifier used for creams’ stabilization. With the employment of noninvasive skin biophysical measurements, skin hydration (EC), transepi-dermal water loss (TEWL), erythema index (EI) and viscoelas-ticity were measured on 76 healthy volunteers. In the first phase, skin irritation after a 24-hour occlusion and the long-term efficacy of creams (a 21-day study) on healthy skin were evaluated. Phase II of the study focused on the cream efficacy assessment after a 6-day treatment of sodium lauryl sulfate-irritated skin. After a 24-hour occlusion, there were no significant changes in the EI for any tested sample. In the second phase of the study, the EI was not significantly altered for the cream containing squalene, while the application of all active samples resulted in a significant reduction of TEWL. In both phases of the study an EC increase was recorded, espe-cially for the squalene-containing cream. Due to the lack of skin irritation and skin barrier impairment along with the marked hydration effect, it could be said that the in-vestigated actives incorporated into alkyl polyglucoside emulsi-fier-stabilized creams may be safely applied as ingredients for "tailor-made" cosmetic moisturizers intended for normal and dry skin care, whereas olive oil squalene could be used for the treatment of irritated or sensitive skin as well. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR34031]

Engineered UV-A light-responsive gene expression system for measuring sun cream efficacy in mammalian cell culture

Light-dependent gene regulation systems are advantageous as they allow for precise spatio-temporal control of target gene expression. In this paper, we present a novel UV-A and blue-light-inducible gene control system that is based on the light-dependent heterodimerization of the CRY2 and C1BN domains. Upon their interaction, a transcription factor is released from the cell membrane and initiates target gene expression. Capitalizing on that, sun cream UV-A protection properties were measured intracellularly.

Bacteriological, Toxicological and Mutagenic Evaluations of the Formulated Ointment of Knobweed (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) Leaf Extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

<p>The emergence of multiple drug resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global problem. Fortunately, many plants found from Mindanaon lumads have potential curative property for different ailments. Hence, the ethnopharmacologic practice of the knobweed (Hyptis capitata) was scientifically assessed for antibacterial activity, toxicity, mutagenicity and pharmacological screenings of crude leaf extract in formulation of ointment as treatment of MRSA infections. Acute Dermal Toxicity employed female albino rabbits for 14 days. Antibacterial screenings used Kirby Bauer, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and potency tests. Ames test used Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Pharmacological assay was limited to physical characteristics of ointment and sensitivity (patch) test using albino rabbits (24 to 72 hours of observation). Results revealed that leaf extract was not toxic and had promising antibacterial action with 19.22 mm (±0.82) zone of inhibition on MRSA ATCC 43300 and 17.41 mm ±0.77 on clinical isolate. It had similar potency with Vancomycin at 6.54ug. MIC established the reduction of cell viability at 0.0263g/mL without revertant colonies grown; hence, it was not mutagenic. Efficacy of ointment with a hydrophilic base exhibited 16.11 mm (±1.73) zone of inhibition on MRSA ATCC and 16.12 mm (± 2.08) for clinical isolate. Neither erythema nor edema was observed.</p>

Toxicological and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Formulated Ointment from Eskwater (Mikania cordata Asteraceae) Leaf Extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

<p>Eskwater (Mikania cordata) is a medicinal plant in treating wounds by B’laan tribe. It is a useful treatment in the emerging cases of difficult-totreat infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To validate such claims, this study was conducted to assess the toxicological and antimicrobial properties of eskwater leaf extract through the acute dermal toxicity, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), potency test with the standard drug and mutagenicity assay. Toxicity level was attained using female albino rats with the dose of 1000 mg/kg (Sighting study) while 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for Main study. Kirby-Bauer Method was employed for antibacterial activity using Vancomycin and Terbinafine as positive controls. MIC was determined in two-fold serial dilution and Ames test was employed for mutagenic assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Hydrophilic base with low, medium and high doses were incorporated, respectively for ointment formulation. Results showed that eskwater extract was not toxic based from OECD 404 guideline and had partially active action against MRSA ATCC 43300 (13.66 ± 0.5778) and showed no inhibition in fungal growth. MIC was effective at 0.05 g/ml against MRSA only. It exhibited comparable potency with Vancomycin at the concentration of 0.32 mg and lastly, no noticeable mutagenic property was established. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were employed in the efficacy of ointment. A significant difference resulted among the formulated ointment and positive control indicating that the three doses of formulated ointment and positive control have different potential to induce inhibition on the growth of MRSA. Ointment evaluated on its physical characteristics appeared greenish brown, has pH 6, good spreadability and washes out easily.</p>

Injection intratarsale de triamcinolone acétonide dans le traitement des formes graves de la limboconjonctivite chronique endémique des tropiques (LCET) : expérience du CHU Aristide-Le-Dantec de Dakar

To evaluate the efficacy of intratarsal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection versus dexamethasone ointment in the treatment of refractory chronic tropical endemic limboconjunctivitis (TELC). This one-year prospective study enrolled 20 patients with refractory TELC. One millilitre containing 40 mg TA was injected intratarsally on the most affected eye and dexamethasone ointment applied in the fellow eye. Efficacy was judged by clinical criteria according to a specially designed scale for the study. Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher's chi(2) test and Student's t test with comparisons of the means of paired samples. In both cases, symptoms improved in all patients, as early as the following day or week, and clinical signs improved from the second week through the first month after injection, with an effective dose of 1 mL TA and three weeks of dexamethasone, with no recurrence at three months. Efficacy of the ointment alone was less (33.3-75%) than that with injection (90.9-100%) and could only be maintained after the first month by repeated application. Intratarsal TA injection, relatively easy and well-tolerated by patients, may be a better alternative to dexamethasone ointment in the treatment of refractory TELC.

Suppression of cytokine gene expression and improved therapeutic efficacy of microemulsion-based tacrolimus cream for atopic dermatitis.

Tacrolimus ointment being occlusive is known to give higher dermal penetration but offers limited patient acceptance in treatment of atopic dermatitis, especially in tropical countries. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate a microemulsion-based cream formulation of tacrolimus against ointment in hapten-induced murine model of dermatitis. Tacrolimus-loaded microemulsion having mean globule size below 25nm was mixed with cetomacrogol cream base. The microemulsion-based cream exhibited a significantly faster drug release through semipermeable cellulose acetate membrane in comparison to commercially available ointment. The drug retention in rodent and human cadaver skin with cream was almost twofold greater in comparison to the commercially available ointment. Further, in vivo evaluation using a fluorescent marker revealed a greater and deeper accumulation of marker in skin with cream. In vivo studies in mice revealed a prompt and significant reduction in ear swelling. The reduction in inflammatory cytokine gene expression as evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was also significantly higher with cream. The better efficacy of cream was reflected in histopathology as well as in morphological observations at the site of application. Thus, microemulsion-based cream presents a possibility of development of an efficacious cream vehicle and a scope for dose reduction which needs to be confirmed in clinical studies.

The efficacy of ointment containing an Empetrum extract at dermatitis at rats

The purpose of the research was studying influence of the ointment containing as the operating component an Empetrum black extract on some parameters of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, catalase) at allergic contact dermatitis at rats in plasma of blood and leather. As a result of experiment on model of allergic contact dermatitis it is established, that ointment with an Empetrum extract normalizes processes of the lipid peroxidation (level malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates and catalase did not differ from the control), that in turn, apparently, can also improve therapeutic effect (initial parameters of an integument were restored). While using the ointment with an Empetrum extract terms of recover of animals are reduced to 4—5 days in comparison with a group of incurable rats, but at the same time it concedes a little to hormonal «Akriderm SK».