Efficacy Of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Research Articles

Comparison of iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate for pulpotomy in primary molars under general anesthesia: a 3-year retrospective study.

Pulpotomy is a widely recommended treatment for deep caries and reversible pulpitis in primary teeth. However, there is a significant lack of large-scale clinical studies evaluating the long-term efficacy of pulpotomy in primary molars, especially in studies with follow-up periods extending beyond a two years. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and iRoot BP Plus for pulpotomy in primary molars performed under general anesthesia and to investigate factors influencing the success rate. In this retrospective study, a total of 942 primary molars from 422 children who met the inclusion criteria underwent pulpotomy. Propensity score matching method (PSM) was used to match the MTA and iRoot BP Plus groups in a 1:1 ratio based on covariates. Efficacy was assessed using the Zurn & Seale criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to analyze the outcomes. PSM resulted in 266 pairs of matched teeth from 532 teeth of 291 children (mean age: 4.64 ± 1.07 years, ranging from 2 to 8 years). Long-term clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed higher success rates for iRoot BP Plus (24-month: 99.54%/97.25%; 36-month: 97.22%/95.83%) compared to MTA (24-month: 94.76%/95.29%; 36-month: 92.50%/91.25%). Survival analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between two groups (P=0.0042). Age, gender, tooth position, and decayed tooth surface showed no significant impact on pulpotomy success, whereas the choice of pulp capping materials significantly influenced the outcome (HR [95% CI]=0.3745[0.1857-0.7552], P=0.006). Clinical and radiographic evaluations support the use of iRoot BP Plus for pulpotomy in primary molars.

Evaluation of the pH and Antibacterial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate With and Without the Incorporation of Titanium Tetrafluoride.

Introduction Microorganisms play an important role in causing inflammation in the pulp and periapical regions. Even after undergoing chemo-mechanical procedures during root canal treatment, bacteria may persist within dentinal tubules, posing a risk of disease recurrence. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), introduced as a dental material, has been investigated as a potential antibacterial agent since its early use. Calcium and phosphorus are the primary ions in MTA, and their antibacterial characteristics are attributed to the release of calcium hydroxide through surface hydrolysis of calcium silicate components. Previous studies have shown that MTA has limited antimicrobial properties. Several alterations have been made to enhance the biological properties of MTA, such as incorporating nanoparticles made from silver, zinc, gold, and titanium. Therefore, in this study, titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) was added to MTA in an effort to enhance its antimicrobial properties. Aim To compare and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of MTA after the incorporation of TiF4. Materials and methods A total of 56 samples were made by mixing MTA with different weight proportions of TiF4 (1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%). Out of these, 28 samples were taken to test each of the following properties: antibacterial efficacy and pH. The specimens were prepared using stainless steel molds of recommended dimensions for testing the pH. The pH was evaluated using a pH meter, and the antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the direct contact test. Data regarding the antibacterial efficacy and pH of MTA with various proportions of TiF4 were investigated for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and assessed for normal distribution. The antibacterial properties among the four groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by pairwise multiple comparisons using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. The level of statistical significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05. MTA, when incorporated with TiF4, showed enhanced antibacterial properties. Results On day 1, the group treated with MTA containing 3% TiF4 demonstrated the strongest antibacterial effectiveness, with a mean of 4.67 ± 0.04 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL × 10^8. However, the group treated with plain MTA had the lowest mean values, at 5.67 ± 0.25 CFU/mL × 10^8. On day 1, the MTA group with 3% TiF4 also had the highest mean pH values (11.90 ± 0.05), while the plain MTA group had the lowest mean pH values (11.64 ± 0.78). On day 7, the MTA group with 3% TiF4 had the highest pH value (12.85 ± 0.08), whereas the plain MTA group had the lowest pH value (11.92 ± 0.09). Conclusion The inclusion of TiF4 resulted in an augmentation of the antibacterial efficacy of MTA against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Hence, the integration of TiF4 into MTA can be considered a promising development against E. faecalis during endodontic procedures.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Bioactive Glass and Epoxy-Resin Based Sealer: An In-Vitro Interventional Study.

The aim and objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate, bioactive glass sealer, and epoxy-resin-based sealer. In the present study, 22 Mueller Hinton agar (MH agar) plates were employed and equally divided into two groups. Three holes were made by removal of agar at equidistant points and filled with root canal sealers. The strains of the bacteria used in this study were S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231) and were divided into two groups and root canal sealers were divided into three subgroups: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) fillapex Sealer, Nishika Bioactive Glass sealer, and Syntex Epoxy Resin base sealer. For Staphylococcus aureus, peptone water was placed in a 2 mL test tube and bacteria were extracted from blood agar plates using a nichrome wire loop and poured into the peptone water-containing test tube and incubated for 2 hours and for C. albicans, fungi were grown at 37°C for 24 hours in MH Broth and seeded into MH agar to produce turbidity of 0.5 on the McFarland scale, which corresponds to a concentration of 108 CFU/mL. This MH broth was used as a second layer. The seeded agar was then added over the plates immediately after the insertion of sealer cement. After incubation, the diameters of zones of inhibition around the plates were measured. The results of this study showed that the highest inhibition was recorded in Syntex sealer against Staphylococcus aureus followed by MTA fillapex sealer and Nishika sealer, whereas MTA fillapex showed the highest inhibition against C. albicans followed by Syntex sealer and Nishika sealer. Syntex sealer exhibits better antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and MTA fillapex exhibit better antibacterial efficacy against C. albicans.

Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a Reparative Material in Iatrogenic Furcal Perforations in Mandibular Molars.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely recognized as one of the most biocompatible materials for perforation repairs during root canal treatment (RCT). Experimental evidence has consistently demonstrated MTA's superior sealing ability and biocompatibility compared to various dental materials, including amalgam, intermediate restorative material, zinc oxide eugenol cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of MTA as a reparative material in iatrogenic furcal perforations during RCT. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18, 2021, to November 17, 2021, at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan, Pakistan. Seventy-six patients aged 18-60 years, of both genders, who developed iatrogenic furcal perforations during procedures were included. Patients with fractures or endo-perio lesions identified during clinical and radiographic examinations were excluded. Isolation was achieved using a rubber dam. The perforation site was cleaned and irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite to control hemorrhage and enhance visualization. Following the manufacturer's recommendations, the perforation site was sealed with MTA mixed with sterile saline. The age range in this study was 18 to 60 years, with a mean age of 42.09 ± 9.69 years. Most patients (56.78%) were between 41-60 years old. Out of the 76 patients, 46 (60.53%) were male, and 30 (39.47%) were female, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. The study found that MTA's efficacy as a reparative material in iatrogenic furcal perforations was observed in 61 (80.26%) patients. A 6-month follow-up revealed no periodontal ligament breakdown, demonstrating the efficacy of MTA as a reparative material in iatrogenic furcal perforations. This study concludes that the efficacy of MTA as a reparative material in iatrogenic furcal perforations is remarkable and significant.

The use of mineral trioxide aggregate for treatment of children with complications of dental trauma

Jf the study was to assess the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate for treatment of children with complicated permanent teeth trauma. The study comprised 29 children aged 6-13 years (mean age 8.6±1.7 years) with 36 injured constant teeth, from which 30 had immature roots, 27 (75%) teeth had necrotic pulp at baseline examination, 12 (33.3%) teeth showed radiological signs of external imflammatory root resorbtion, 2 teeth were diagnosed with of the root fracture (5.6%). MTA was used for pulp regeneration procedure in 25 (69.5%) teeth, external closure of resorbtion site in 3 (8.3%) teeth, root canal filling in 4 (11.1%) teeth, apical plug creation in 4 teeth (11.1%). The patients were folowed up for 1 to 9 years. From 36 teeth only one was extracted 9 years after regenerative endodontic procedure because of cervical root fracture. In 2 teeth with external imflammatory resorbtion progession of replacement resorption took place, in 1 tooth necrosis of regenerated pulp tissue occurred 2 years after the procedure because of restoration marginal seal failure. In 25 teeth favorable outcome was registered with stabilisation of external root resorbtion, continous root growth in 24 teeth and radioluscent lesions healing in 6 teeht showing them at baseline examination. Change of external imflammator root resorbtion to replacement resorption was detected in 1 teeth from 3 with external closure of resorbtion site. Root calan filling with MTA was performed in 3 avulsed teeth with replantation delayed for more than 1 day and in 1 tooth with root fracture. All teeth were clinically asymptomatic during more than 5 years follow-up. Favorable outcome was received in all cases of apicl plug formation. MTA is highly effective for preservation of constant teeth in children with clinically complicated situations. In many cases with hopeless long-term prognosis for a teeth MTA allows stabilization of dental tissue level with the teeth being an object for guided tissue regeneration.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between mineral trioxide aggregate and bioceramic materials in pulpotomy for treating early chronic pulpitis in deciduous teeth.

This study aims to elucidate the clinical efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Bioceramic Materials in pulpotomy procedures for early-stage chronic pulpitis in deciduous teeth. The clinical data of 100 children with early chronic pulpitis in deciduous teeth treated at our institution between January 2021 and January 2023 were included retrospectively, which were divided into an experimental group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50) according to the treatment methods. Experimental group received pulpotomy with Thera Cal LC as bioceramic pulp-capping material versus control group with MTA as pulp-capping agent. Comparative studies were conducted to assess the clinical effectiveness and differences between both pulp-capping techniques. At 12 months postoperatively, the experimental group showed a significantly higher success rate than the control group (96.00% vs. 80.00%, p < 0.05). Post-treatment inflammatory markers (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8)) were substantially lower in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly lower pain scores and higher comfort and satisfaction scores were obtained in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Experimental group adverse reactions were also lower in the experimental group (p < 0.05). TheraCal LC bioceramic material treats early chronic pulpitis in deciduous teeth effectively. Clinically, it is an excellent therapeutic option for emergence of permanent dentition, pain relief, comfort and improvement of patient satisfaction.

Evaluation of the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate and bioceramic putty in primary molar pulpotomy with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis (a randomized-controlled trial).

Preserving the primary teeth is important, as they play an important role in the integrity of the dental arch, the development of the craniofacial complex, speech, and chewing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of both Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Bioceramic putty in primary molar pulpotomy with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. In this study, 40 s primary mandibular molars in 40 healthy children aged 6-8 years were examined and classified into 2 groups according to the material: group A, with 20 primary molars capped by MTA, and group B, with 20 teeth capped by Bioceramic putty. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the treatment results was carried out after 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. Clinical and radiological success rates in the MTA group reached 95%, where a case of failure was observed after a year of follow-up. In the Bioceramic group, the success rate reached 100% after a year of follow-up, without any statistically significant differences between groups (p = .311). Pulpotomy using biocompatibility materials (MTA-Bioceramic) in primary molars with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis is considered effective due to the better advantages of the use of Bioceramic over MTA.This clinical trial was approved by Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials (12621001631897).

Prognostic Factors and Primary Healing on Root Perforation Repaired with MTA: A 14-year Longitudinal Study

IntroductionFew data are available on the long-term efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in treating root canal perforations. This prospective cohort study builds on a previously reported trial to determine the outcome for teeth with root perforations treated with orthograde MTA after longer follow-up and identify potential prognostic factors. MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed, enrolling (1999–2009) patients with a single dental perforation treated with MTA. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative information was evaluated, and the outcomes were dichotomized as healed or nonhealing. Patients were followed up yearly until 2018 for a maximum of 17 years after treatment, with controls carried out until 14 years. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated using standardized follow-up protocols. ResultsOf the 124 entrolled patients (median age = 36.5 years, 53.2% male), 115 were healed at the first (n = 110, 89%) or second (n = 5, 4%) annual posttreatment checkup, while 9 subjects (7%, 4 females, 18–65 years old) did not heal. Characteristics significantly associated with nonhealing were gender, positive probing, size, and perforation site. Perforations recurred in 48 teeth during the follow-up with the estimated probability of reversal at 5, 10, and 14 years of 6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%–10%), 30% (95% CI, 20%–38%), and 62% (95% CI, 46%–73%), respectively. Positive probing had a higher reversal risk (hazard ratio = 3.3, P ≤ .001), and perforations >3 mm were more likely to have a reversal (hazard ratio = 4.1, P < .001). ConclusionsThe risk of reversal for healed MTA-treated root canal perforations, initially relatively low, vastly increases over time.

Direct pulp capping with autologous bone marrow derived stem cells in dogs.

Bone-marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into several mesenchymal cell lines that are suitable for bone and dental tissue engineering. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of cell therapy in direct pulp capping (DPC) of canine teeth using autologous BMSCs along with collagen/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold in terms of the quantity and quality of calcified bridge formation. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of DPC with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), hydroxyapatite/collagen hybrid scaffold alone and BMSCs with hydroxyapatite/collagen hybrid scaffold. DPC was performed under general anesthesia in cavities prepared on the buccal surfaces of mandibular and maxillary premolars of the same dogs from which, stem cells had been isolated. All cavities were then restored with light-cure resin modified glass ionomer cement. Histomorphometric assessments after 12 weeks showed formation of dentinal bridge following DPC with BMSCs and MTA. The efficacy of MTA for calcified bridge formation following DPC was significantly higher than that of BMSCs plus hybrid scaffold. According to the present study, we concluded DPC using BMSCs and hybrid scaffold did not provide clinically noticeable results in canine patients.

Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Photobiomodulation on Pulp Capping of Dogs’ Teeth

AIM: The present study assessed the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and photobiomodulation (PBM) on pulp capping of exposed pulp of dogs’ teeth. METHODS: Forty-eight teeth in three mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two major study groups; Group I where MTA was used as a pulp capping agent and Group II in which both MTA+PBM were used. The groups were equally subdivided according to the observation period following completion of pulp capping into Subgroup (A) 1 week, Subgroup (B) 2, and Subgroup (C) 16 weeks. The teeth were examined for histological inflammatory response as well as dentine bridge formation. RESULTS: With regard to inflammatory response at 1 week significantly, less intense inflammation was observed in MTA+PBM (Group II) compared to the MTA (Group I) for the same time period with no significant difference for between Group I and Group II for other time intervals. As for dentin bridge formation, PBM+MTA groups showed statistically significant thicker dentine bridge formation at 16 weeks than MTA alone group for the same time period with no significant difference for between Group I and Group II for other time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, PBM appeared to be a beneficial adjunct in dental pulp capping procedures in which MTA was the pulp capping material.

Efficacy and safety of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy for caries-exposed permanent teeth in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulp capping for caries-exposed permanent teeth. However, the efficacy of MTA in the treatment of children's gums is still controversial, and different studies have shown different efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the efficacy and safety of MTA pulp incision in the treatment of pediatric caries using meta methods. We used meta-analysis to compare differences in the efficacy of MTA and calcium hydroxide (CH) for treating caries in permanent teeth. The mean treatment success rate of MTA for reversible and irreversible pulpitis groups was calculated, and the effect of apical opening condition and surgical type on success rate were investigated. A total of 15 studies were included, and meta-analysis showed that there was a significant statistical difference between the MTA group and CH group in efficacy [odds ratio (OR) =1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28, 2.73, P=0.001, I2=63%, Z=3.25], success rate (OR =3.20, 95% CI: 1.93, 5.30, P<0.00001, I2=0%, Z=4.52), influence of apical foramen condition on success rate (OR =1.77, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.73, P=0.01, I2=15%, Z=2.56), and surgical procedure on success rate (OR =2.64, 95% CI: 1.65, 4.23, P<0.0001, I2=45%, Z=4.05). Our results showed that MTA pulpotomy was superior to CH. Nonclosure of apical openings and complete coronal pulpotomy may be more beneficial than partial pulpotomy.

Efficacy of MTA Modified by Nanosilver for the Prevention of Coronal Leakage

Background:Numerous materials have been introduced as coronal barriers, however, they have shown various degrees of microleakage. Therefore, attempts are undertaken to introduce more reliable materials with the potential to provide a long-term coronal seal.Introduction:Thisin vitrostudy aimed to assess the efficacy of gray ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) modified by a suspension of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an orifice plug using a bacterial leakage method.Methods:40 extracted human teeth were prepared and filled (except for the negative control group) using the lateral compaction technique. The coronal 2 mm of the root filling was removed in the experimental groups. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 15) and two control (n = 5) groups. In the experimental group 1 (MTA group) and the experimental group 2 (Ag-MTA group), MTA modified by a suspension of AgNPs was used as an orifice plug. In the negative control group, the entire root surfaces were covered with two layers of nail varnish. In the positive control group, the root canals were filled with a single gutta-percha cone without a sealer and no orifice plug. Bacterial leakage was assessed using a two-chamber system. The teeth were incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity for 120 days, and human saliva was added to the samples every 3 days. Bacterial microleakage was assessed by daily monitoring and observating the turbidity of the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. The data were analyzed using the log-rank test.Results:All positive controls showed contamination after 5 days. None of the negative controls were contaminated during the experiment. The Ag-MTA group demonstrated a significantly better coronal seal than the MTA group (p = 0.031).Conclusion:Gray ProRoot MTA modified by AgNPs has the potential for being used as an orifice plug in endodontically treated teeth.

A Systematic Review Comparing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate to Other Commercially Available Direct Pulp Capping Agents in Dogs.

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) and direct pulp capping (DPC) are procedures regularly performed in dogs for the management of acute tooth fractures and as part of management for traumatic malocclusions. The purpose of this review is to apply an evidence-based medicine approach to systematically review and evaluate the scientific literature evaluating the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to other commercially available materials used for VPT in the permanent teeth of dogs. The 9 studies meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and each studies evidence was classified using a grading system modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. For the studies meeting inclusion criteria, MTA consistently performed as well or better than other commercially available products in terms of calcific barrier formation and biocompatibility. This review found a lack of consistency between the studies making a direct comparison of the results unreliable. Future studies would benefit from the implementation of a standard scoring system for histology, equivalent and longer study duration times and the correlation of histological and radiographic data.

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICIENCY OF MINERAL TRI OXIDE AGGREGATE AND BIODENTIN IMPREGNATED WITH SILVER AND ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLESAN INVITRO STUDY

Aim The aim of this in-vitro study is to compare the antibacterial efficacy of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentin along with the incorporation of silver and Zinc oxide Nano particles. Materials and methodology Antimicrobial effect of MTA and Biodentin impregnated with silver and Zinc oxide Nano particles were tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the following materials was measured and the antimicrobial effect was determined bothquantitatively and qualitatively by using Brothdilution method and membrane enclosed immersion test . The data’s were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21 IBM software and comparison between the two groups in normal data distribution were done using Student’s t-test. Results Test indicates that the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine with silver nano particles showed very strong antibacterial action compared with other materials to the three bacterial strains followed by MTA and Silver Nano particles. There was a statistically significant difference between these materials Conclusion By quantifying the amount of nanoparticles that can be added to the bioactive materials These can be successfully used in the clinical practice.

Comparative Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, and Calcium Phosphate Cement in Single Visit Apexification Procedure for Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim and objectiveThis study assesses the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), biodentine, and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) as single visit apexification agents for nonvital immature permanent teeth, both clinically and radiographically.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted as a double-blinded randomized, controlled clinical trial after approval of the Institutional Ethical Committee of King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, the approval letter (Ref. no. 81st ECM II B-Thesis/P24). A total of 60 patients in the age group of 6–15 years, fulfilling all the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups having 20 in each group.ResultsOn the basis of present study, it can hence, be inferred that clinical success for MTA, biodentine and calcium phosphate cement in apexification was 100%. The radiographic outcomes of calcium phosphate cement showed better results as compared to MTA and biodentine at 9 months of follow-up periods.ConclusionThese finding suggest that calcium phosphate cement can be used as a substitute for MTA and biodentine because of its comparable clinical and superior radiographic success.How to cite this articleYadav A, Chak RK, Khanna R. Comparative Evaluation of MTA, Biodentine and Calcium Phosphate Cement in Single Visit Apexification Procedure for Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S1–S13.

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Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine as Apical Barriers in Immature Permanent Teeth: A Microbiological Study

ABSTRACTAimTo compare the bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and biodentine when used as an apical plug in immature permanent teeth.Materials and methodsIt was a randomized double-blind in vitro study. A total of 60 teeth were divided into 2 groups of MTA and biodentine, which were further divided into 2 subgroups (n = 30) each based on the apical plug thickness of 2 and 4 mm. The teeth were cleaned and shaped; root-end resection and canal preparation were done. Mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine were mixed and filled as apical plugs of 2 or 4 mm thickness. Enterococcus faecalis was used to assess the bacterial leakage of the filled samples.Statistical analysisThe comparison between the two groups was done by Chi-square test for categorical data. All p values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultsA 4 mm apical plug of biodentine showed the least amount of bacterial leakage followed by 2 mm MTA and 4 mm MTA. A 2 mm apical plug of biodentine showed the maximum bacterial leakage. But this was not statistically significant over a period of 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference (p value = 0.042) among the total number of samples that leaked in the 2 and 4 mm biodentine group.ConclusionMineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine had a similar apical sealing ability. The apical sealing ability of biodentine at 4 mm thickness was greater than 2 mm thickness.Clinical significanceThe apical leakage of the materials used in apexification is one of the main causes of endodontic failures in immature necrotic teeth. Materials like MTA and biodentine have overcome various drawbacks of calcium hydroxide as apexification material. The thickness of the apical plug plays an important role in preventing any microorganism from entering the periapical area, hence maintaining an adequate seal.How to cite this articleAbbas A, Kethineni B, Puppala R, et al. Efficacy of MTA and Biodentine as Apical Barriers in Immature Permanent Teeth: A Microbiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):656–662.

A review of the literature on the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate in conservative dentistry.

The aim of this literature review was to assess the clinical performance of MTA to establish the evidence level for its effectiveness in vital pulp therapy, perforation repair, and retrograde root canal filling. A comprehensive literature survey was performed via electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE. A total of 58 papers were reviewed in this study, of which 2 were systematic reviews/meta-analysis, 9 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and the rest were fallen into other categories. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) provided better pulp protection as a direct capping material when compared with calcium hydroxide. As perforation repair materials, MTA demonstrated an excellent sealing ability in vitro. For periodontal tissues around a perforation, MTA provided normal healing processes in clinical trials. It is therefore concluded that MTA has a high potential in repairing perforations. MTA is the most promising material when used for retrograde root canal filling demonstrating normal healing in short/long term clinical outcomes.

Comparative Analysis of Clinical Effects of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in the Treatment of Endodontic Diseases

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in the treatment of endodontic disease. Oversell, 384 patients with endodontic disease treated in Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, China, from June 2015 to June 2017 were selected, and randomly divided into four groups with 96 cases per group. The repair effects of MTA, zinc phosphate cement (ZPC), silver amalgam and light-curing calcium hydroxide (LCH) on the teeth and dental pulp of patients in the four groups were compared. Meanwhile, the ill symptoms of the patients were observed to confirm whether they could be alleviated. Besides, whether the repair effects were related to ages of patients, perforation diameters of diseased teeth and repair materials was discussed. The success rates of MTA group, ZPC group, LCH group and silver amalgam group were 90.6%, 68.7%, 70.8% and 52.1%, respectively. The success rate of MTA group was significantly higher than that of ZPC group, silver amalgam group and LCH group. When the success rates of four groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P=0.0072). The patient's age, repair material and perforation diameter were positively correlated with MTA repair effect (P=0.003, P=0.002, P=0.01). The patients' teeth in each group were repaired with different materials, and the reexamination was conducted 4 weeks later. Three patients in the silver amalgam group were found to have gingival swelling. The therapeutic effect of MTA was significant in the treatment of endodontic disease, and it is worthy of clinical application.

Comparative efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine for the repair of pulpal floor perforation

In the present study, the clinical outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine as repairing materials in the management of pulpal floor perforation was compared in vivo. Thirty teeth having pulpal floor perforation were enrolled in this study, out of which 15 perforations were repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate and the remaining 15 were subjected to Biodentine treatment. Following perforation repair, each tooth was then subjected to root canal therapy. Patients were recalled at 3, 6 and 12 month interval. The assessment of pain, pain on palpation, tenderness on percussion, and radiological evaluation was performed to determine the repair ability of pulpal floor perforation. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square test between the two groups and a value of p&lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results showed that pain, tenderness on percussion as well as the thickness of periodontal ligament was gradually decreased and the communication between the perforation and oral cavity was successfully repaired following MTA and Biodentine therapy. Furthermore, the differences between MTA and Biodentine were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that clinical outcome and repair of pulpal floor perforation by Biodentine is almost similar to MTA.