Efficacy Of Electrolyzed Water Research Articles

Efficacy of electrolyzed water in the prevention and removal of fecal material attachment and its microbicidal effectiveness during simulated industrial poultry processing

This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of alkaline and acidic electrolyzed (EO) water in preventing and removing fecal contaminants and killing Campylobacter jejuni on poultry carcasses under simulated industrial processing conditions. New York dressed and defeathered chicken carcasses spot-inoculated with cecal material or C. jejuni were subjected to spraying treatment with alkaline EO or 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) water or combinations of spraying and immersion treatments with acidic EO and chlorinated water, respectively. Prespraying chicken carcasses with alkaline EO water significantly lowered cecal material attachment scores (3.77) than tap water (4.07) and 10% TSP (4.08) upon treatment of the dorsal area. Combinations of pre- and postspraying were significantly more effective than postspraying only, especially when using alkaline EO water in removing fecal materials on the surface of chicken carcasses. Although treatment by immersion only in EO and chlorinated water significantly reduced the initial population (4.92 log10 cfu/g) of C. jejuni by 2.33 and 2.05 log10 cfu/g, respectively, combinations of spraying and immersion treatment did not improve the bactericidal effect of sanitizers. The results indicated that alkaline EO water might provide an alternative to TSP in preventing attachment and removal of feces on the surface of chicken carcasses. The results also suggested that chicken carcasses containing pathogenic microorganisms may contribute to the cross-contamination of whole batches of chickens during processing in the chiller tank and afterward.

Efficacy of Electrolyzed Water in Inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes on Shell Eggs

The efficacy of acidic electrolyzed (EO) water produced at three levels of total available chlorine (16, 41, and 77 mg/liter) and chlorinated water with 45 and 200 mg/liter of residual chlorine was investigated for inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes on shell eggs. An increasing reduction in Listeria population was observed with increasing chlorine concentration from 16 to 77 mg/liter and treatment time from 1 to 5 min, resulting in a maximal reduction of 3.70 log CFU per shell egg compared with a deionized water wash for 5 min. There was no significant difference in antibacterial activities against Salmonella and Listeria at the same treatment time between 45 mg/liter of chlorinated water and 14-A acidic EO water treatment (P ≥ 0.05). Chlorinated water (200 mg/liter) wash for 3 and 5 min was the most effective treatment; it reduced mean populations of Listeria and Salmonella on inoculated eggs by 4.89 and 3.83 log CFU/shell egg, respectively. However, reductions (log CFU/shell egg) of Listeria (4.39) and Salmonella (3.66) by 1-min alkaline EO water treatment followed by another 1 min of 14-A acidic EO water (41 mg/liter chlorine) treatment had a similar reduction to the 1-min 200 mg/liter chlorinated water treatment for Listeria (4.01) and Salmonella (3.81). This study demonstrated that a combination of alkaline and acidic EO water wash is equivalent to 200 mg/liter of chlorinated water wash for reducing populations of Salmonella Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes on shell eggs.

義歯洗浄剤としての電解水の効果 ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏのＣａｎｄｉｄａ ａｌｂｉｃａｎｓバイオフィルムへの影響

Dentures may act as a reservoir for bacteria which cause opportunistic infection such as aspiration pneumonia, and denture cleaning could prevent such an infection. Recently, the bacteriocidal effect of electrolyzed water (EW) on bacteria has been reported.In this study, the influence of EWs on the Candida albicans biofilm in vitro was investigated. C. albicans adhered avidly to type IV collagen. The biofilm was established on the cover slip coated with type IV collagen using Luria broth at 37°C for 5 days. The biofilms were treated with several kinds of EWs, and the efficacy of EWs was investigated.C. albicans well adhered to collagen-coated celldesk, produced glycocalyx-like substance and formed a biofilm after five-day incubation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed degradation of biofilm treated with EW. Vital CFU in the biofilm decreased time-dependently and logarithmically. Five treatments for one minute was more effective than one treatment for five minutes. The effect of EW synthesized by a home care device was equal to or higher than that synthesized by a medical device. These results suggested that EW, even if synthesized by the home care device, is a potent denture-cleanser.