Effectiveness Of Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

The effectiveness of wastewater treatment of waste treatment facilities of milk processing enterprise and its assessment of by hydrochemical indicators

Despite the attempts made in developed countries to improve production and treatment technology, it has not yet been possible to change the trend of increasing volumes of various wastes. Today, for 5 % of waste there is no effective processing technology at all, and for 60 % it is necessary to organize processing at existing capacities, introducing waste upgrading limits into the process or create new capacities. In this case, waste from one industry will become raw materials or materials for enterprises in other industries. Therefore, today the issue of implementing resource-saving technologies in the field of wastewater treatment from industrial enterprises is relevant. The purpose of the work was to estimate the eff ectiveness of wastewater treatment of waste treatment facilities of milk processing enterprise by hydrochemical indicators. The studies were carried out at treatment facilities into which industrial wastewater from the milk processing enterprise of varying degrees of contamination is constantly discharged. In order to assess the technological effi ciency of the implemented biological treatment system in the filtration fields, wastewater indicators were monitored in the period 2021–2023. It was found that the purification efficiency for some substances has improved. For example, BOD5 from 47,3 % in 2022 to 78,6 % in 2023; ammonium nitrogen from 55,5 % in 2022 to 64,4 % in 2023; chlorides from –12,1 % in 2022 to –0,8 in 2023. However, the results obtained indicate the insuffi cient effi ciency of treatment facilities (filtration fields) and, as a consequence, an unsatisfactory degree of wastewater treatment, which in their turn are a source of pollution of water bodies. Although biological resource-saving treatment systems are the cheapest and most environmentally friendly way to treat wastewater from enterprises, the question of improving such systems remains. This must be done based on the conditions of each specific enterprise.

Effectiveness of using metallurgical production waste to treat acid waste water from mining enterprises

Extraction of mineral resources, in particular the mining and milling of the copper-and-sulphide ore, is one of the bases for the technical development of the humanity, which provides the required resources for the industrial needs. Mining and smelting enterprises, processing the copper-and-sulphide ore, are a threat to ecology as they cause the pollution of the surface water bodies with technogenic acid waste water. To evaluate the possible waste water treatment, copper-smelting and blast-furnace slag have been chosen. In this article, we consider the composition of the materials under study and the results of research on their sorption capacity at various temperatures in static conditions. The research results prove that the waste water treatment effectiveness with the use of the above mentioned materials varies from 66% to 90%. A recommendation is given to use slag as part of composite sorbents.

Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology.

Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a priority around the world; conventional treatments are not widely used in rural areas owing to the high operating and maintenance costs. In Mexico, for instance, only 40% of wastewater is treated. One sustainable option for WWT is through the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) technology, which may remove pollutants using cells filled with porous material and vegetation that works as a natural filter. Knowing the optimal material and density of plants used per square meter in CWs would allow improving their WWT effect. In this study, the effect of material media (plastic/mineral) and plant density on the removal of organic/inorganic pollutants was evaluated. Low (three plants), medium (six plants) and high (nine plants) densities were compared in a surface area of 0.3 m2 of ornamental plants (Alpinia purpurata, Canna hybrids and Hedychium coronarium) used in polycultures at the mesocosm level of household wetlands, planted on the two different substrates. Regarding the removal of contaminants, no significant differences were found between substrates (p ≥ 0.05), indicating the use of plastic residues (reusable) is an economical option compared to typical mineral materials. However, differences (p = 0.001) in removal of pollutants were found between different plant densities. For both substrates, the high density planted CWs were able to remove COD in a range of 86–90%, PO4-P 22–33%, NH4-N in 84–90%, NO3-N 25–28% and NO2-N 38–42%. At medium density, removals of 79–81%, 26–32, 80–82%, 24–26%, and 39–41%, were observed, whereas in CWs with low density, the detected removals were 65–68%, 20–26%, 79–80%, 24–26% and 31–40%, respectively. These results revealed that higher COD and ammonia were removed at high plant density than at medium or low densities. Other pollutants were removed similarly in all plant densities (22–42%), indicating the necessity of hybrid CWs to increase the elimination of PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N. Moreover, high density favored 10 to 20% more the removal of pollutants than other plant densities. In addition, in cells with high density of plants and smaller planting distance, the development of new plant shoots was limited. Thus, it is suggested that the appropriate distance for this type of polyculture plants should be from 40 to 50 cm in expansion to real-scale systems in order to take advantage of the harvesting of species in these and allow species of greater foliage, favoring its growth and new shoots with the appropriate distance to compensate, in the short time, the removal of nutrients.

Treatment of Waste Water Using Natural Coagulants

The use of natural coagulants like Moringa Oleifera and Okra plants are receiving attention for their effectiveness in waste water treatment. The technologies involved are economical, traditional and easy to implement and ideal for rural areas. The process being biological in nature does not generate any non-treatable wastes. These processes are easy to operate and require little or no maintenance. After the treatment of both the municipal and dairy waste water samples by two natural coagulants Moringa Oleifera and Okra seeds and synthetic coagulant alum, the results show that there is a reduction in the percentage of various polluting parameters like COD, BOD, turbidity, hardness, TSS and TDS etc. In the study different quantity of coagulants doses (50 mg, 200 mg, and 500 mg) were used but it is found that increasing the amount of coagulant increases the removal but it is not proportional and significant with respect to the quantity of coagulant added. By the effect of Moringa Oleifera coagulant the reduction of turbidity, COD, BOD, hardness, TSS and TDS are found to be 61.20 %, 65.3 %, 55 %, 25 %, 69 %, and 68% respectively. There is not much effect on the pH. By the effect of Okra coagulant, the reduction in percentages of turbidity, COD, BOD, hardness, TSS, and TDS are found to be 65 %, 67 %, 56 %, 30 %,72 %, and 69 % respectively. There is no significant change in pH due to natural coagulants. By the effect of alum coagulant the reduction percentages of turbidity, COD, BOD, hardness, TSs, and TDS are found to be 59 %, 59 %, 50.98%, 67 %, and 65 % respectively. The addition of alum makes the water more acidic.

CLEANING OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTEWATER

The regularities of changes in the composition of wastewater, methods of cleaning and technological schemes of the oil extraction industry and the processes of formation of wastewater of the oil extraction plant CJSC Samaraagroprompererabotka and their chemical and physical indicators are studied. The eff ectiveness of wastewater treatment by reagent methods using known, analog and new reagents, on a model solution was investigated. An analytical dependence describing the processes of increasing the effi ciency of new technological processes (discrete and binary) reagent purifi cation has been carried out. The economic effi ciency of the proposed methods for treating oil-fat-containing wastewater is determined.

Evaluation of phytotoxicity effect on selected crops using treated and untreated wastewater from different configurative domestic wastewater plants

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the phytotoxicity effect of untreated and treated wastewater collected from two different configurations of domestic wastewater treatment plants in South Africa. The phytotoxicity effect on vegetable seed growth was studied in terms of germination index (GI), relative seed germination (RSG) and relative root elongation (RRE) using four commercial crop varieties, viz., tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), radish (Raphanus sativus), carrot (Daucus carota) and onion (Allium cepa). According to phyototoxicity limits, 80% germination and above is regarded as non-toxic and less than 50% GI is regarded as highly toxic and not suitable for agricultural purposes. In our study, seeds were irrigated with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of treated effluent (TE) and untreated effluent (UTE). The TE results were best with the highest GI (%) recorded as tomato, 177; carrot, 158.5; onion, 132; and lettuce, 124. The results of this study indicate that TE showed no phytotoxicty effects and recorded above 80% GI. The UTE irrigated crops reached a GI of only 50% and above which is clear evidence of the beneficial effect of waste water treatment. The overall results confirmed that treated wastewater has a beneficial effect on agricultural crops and can be used as a liquid fertilizer.

The Application of Coagulation and Advanced Oxidation Processes Combined in the Treatment of Tar Water from Biomass Gasification

Tar water acquired in the process of biomass gasification has been pre-treated in the process of the standard coagulation. The influence of the dose of chosen coagulants and pH of the running process on the effectiveness of waste water treatment has been specified. The most purified samples underwent a secondary treatment in the process of advanced oxidation with the Fenton's reagent, in order to evaluate its abilities and desirability of this method in the process of a coagulation. The analysis of the process' conditions influence on its effectiveness has been conducted. What is more, the evaluation of the validity of combining the coagulation process with the advanced oxidation in the treatment of tar water coming from the biomass gasification has been made.

Waste Water Treatment Process and its Effect Analysis of Shagou Mine in Luoning County, Henan Province

Based on the systematically describing of the producing and living waste water treatment process in Faende Mining Co.,Ltd.,in Shagou, Luoning, Henan Province, the production and living waste water treatment effect was analyzed deeply. The comparing results of before and after treatment showed that the design of the treatment process in the mine was reasonable, the sewage treatment worked well, and the effluent concentration of has reached the first class of "integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996), among which the concentration of the two indexes, Lead and Zinc, has achieved the specific standard which is more strict than the first class of "integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).

The effect of waste water treatment on river metal concentrations: removal or enrichment?

Purpose Discharge of untreated domestic and industrial waste in many European rivers resulted in low oxygen concentrations and contamination with trace metals, often concentrated in sediments. Under these anoxic conditions, the formation of insoluble metal sulfides is known to reduce metal availability. Nowadays, implementation of waste water treatment plants results in increasing surface water oxygen concentrations. Under these conditions, sediments can be turned from a trace metal sink into a trace metal source. Materials and methods In an ex situ experiment with metal contaminated sediment, we investigated the effect of surface water aeration on sediment metal sulfide (acid volatile sulfides (AVS)) concentrations and sediment metal release to the surface water. These results were compared with long-term field data, where surface water oxygen and metal concentrations, before and after the implementation of a waste water treatment plant, were compared. Results and discussion Aeration of surface water in the experimental setup resulted in a decrease of sediment AVS concentrations due to sulfide oxidation. Metals, known to precipitate with these sulfides, became more mobile and increasing dissolved metal (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu)) concentrations in the surface water were observed. Contrary to As, Cd, or Cu, manganese (Mn) surface water concentrations decreased in the aerated treatment. Mn ions will precipitate and accumulate in the sediment as Mn oxides under the oxic conditions. Field data, however, demonstrated a decrease of all total metal surface water concentrations with increasing oxygen concentrations following the implementation of the waste water treatment plant. Conclusions The gradual decrease in surface water metal concentrations in the river before the treatment started and the removal of metals in the waste water treatment process could not be countered by an increase in metal flux from the sediment as observed in the experiment.

Effects of waste water treatment on the species composition and Antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria

Coliform bacteria from raw and treated sewage in a mechanical-biological treatment plant were examined for resistance to four to six antibiotics, and randomly selected isolates were identified. The results indicate that certain coliform species are eliminated at lower rates than others by the treatment.Klebsiella sp. became more frequent, whereas the proportion ofEscherichia coli diminished. A comparison of raw and treated sewage clearly reveals that the resistance patterns are transient characteristics, and resistance percentages may either decrease or increase following passage through the treatment plant. Mating of multiresistant isolates withE. coli K12 donor confirmed that some of the resistance traits are borne on conjugative plasmids. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing revealed that resistance levels ofE. coli decreased during waste water treatment, but increased in total coliforms.

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT: THE CASE FOR RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES1

ABSTRACT: There is a lamentable absence of comprehensive planning in the current cursade to improve water quality. A serious shortcoming is the lack of evaluation of the effects of waste water treatment upon environmental quality. At some point in time the public may ask what they have obtained for their money. The nature of pollution in a river basin demands a coordinated attack against it. Engineering and economic criteria suggest that a properly empowered river basin authority would be the logical organization to plan and operate a water quality management system. Several forms of such authorities have operated effectively and efficiently for many years in the United States and other industrialized countries. Examples of successful river basin authorities and their advantages and methods of operation are discussed.