The effectiveness of wastewater treatment of waste treatment facilities of milk processing enterprise and its assessment of by hydrochemical indicators

Abstract

Despite the attempts made in developed countries to improve production and treatment technology, it has not yet been possible to change the trend of increasing volumes of various wastes. Today, for 5 % of waste there is no effective processing technology at all, and for 60 % it is necessary to organize processing at existing capacities, introducing waste upgrading limits into the process or create new capacities. In this case, waste from one industry will become raw materials or materials for enterprises in other industries. Therefore, today the issue of implementing resource-saving technologies in the field of wastewater treatment from industrial enterprises is relevant. The purpose of the work was to estimate the eff ectiveness of wastewater treatment of waste treatment facilities of milk processing enterprise by hydrochemical indicators. The studies were carried out at treatment facilities into which industrial wastewater from the milk processing enterprise of varying degrees of contamination is constantly discharged. In order to assess the technological effi ciency of the implemented biological treatment system in the filtration fields, wastewater indicators were monitored in the period 2021–2023. It was found that the purification efficiency for some substances has improved. For example, BOD5 from 47,3 % in 2022 to 78,6 % in 2023; ammonium nitrogen from 55,5 % in 2022 to 64,4 % in 2023; chlorides from –12,1 % in 2022 to –0,8 in 2023. However, the results obtained indicate the insuffi cient effi ciency of treatment facilities (filtration fields) and, as a consequence, an unsatisfactory degree of wastewater treatment, which in their turn are a source of pollution of water bodies. Although biological resource-saving treatment systems are the cheapest and most environmentally friendly way to treat wastewater from enterprises, the question of improving such systems remains. This must be done based on the conditions of each specific enterprise.