Effect Of Various Growth Regulators Research Articles

Effects of various growth regulators on invitro shoot tip culture of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties Co-86032 and CoC-90063

Effects of various growth regulators on invitro shoot tip culture of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties Co-86032 and CoC-90063

Effects of various growth regulators on invitro shoot tip culture of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties Co-86032 and CoC-90063

Effects of various growth regulators on invitro shoot tip culture of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties Co-86032 and CoC-90063

PENGARUH BERBAGAI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH (ZPT) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG PULAI RAWA (Alstonia spatulata)

Some of the goals that exist in this research are to analyze how the effect of giving Rootone F, giving Rootmost and giving Bean Sprouts Extract to the growth response of stem cuttings in Pulai Rawa (Alstonia spatulata. Growth Regulatory Substances used in this study there are 3 types of treatments such as giving Rootone F as the first treatment, the second treatment is by giving rootmost and by giving Bean Sprouts Extract as the third treatment and in this study there is control as one of the comparison between the differences between Stem cuttings that use Growth Regulatory Substances with no provision of ZPT. In November 2019 until January 2020 this study took place in the shade house of the forestry faculty at Lambung Mangkurat University. RAL (Completely Randomized Design) The method used in this study is to use with a set of 4 treatments that were repeated 20 times in each treatment, then there were 80 experimental units in this study. The results obtained in this study showed the effect of various growth regulators which differed to the response of the growth of Pulai Rawa plant stem cuttings. The provision of rootone F did not affect the growth response while the administration of Growth Regulator Substance Rootmost gave an effect on the response of root growth of Pulai Rawa cuttings (Alstonia spatulata) and by giving Bean Sprout Extract which had an influence on the growth in number of cuttings.Keywords : Growth regulators; Stem cuttings; Pulai Rawa

ОЦЕНКА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ КОРМОВОЙ СВЕКЛЫ ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ РЕУЛЯТОРОВ РОСТА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Intensification of agricultural production provides the development and introduction of new, progressive, and cost-effective practices, including plant growth regulators. The effect of various growth regulators on the productivity of fodder beet of the Eckendorf yellow variety type was studied in the conditions of the Central-Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation in an experimental field in the Kaluga branch of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in the period from 2019 to 2021. The studies found that the level of productivity of fodder beet under the action of various growth regulators relative to the control variant significantly increases during pre-sowing seed treatment on 5–10,9% and when using phytoregulators by vegetation on 4,8–11,5%. The most significant increase in productivity and the yield of absolutely dry substances of root crops were noted in an intensive version of the technology using growth regulators Biodux and Zircon. The yield range for three years with these regulators was in the range of 560–561 c/ha, the yield of ACB was 72,5–72,8 c/ha during seed etching, and 559–564 c/ha and the yield of ACB72,5–73,1 c/ha during foliar treatments. In general, the percentage increase in the content of absolutely dry matter of fodder beetroots relative to the control variant with the use of growth regulators was 0,24–0,25%, the increase in the yield of feed units for variants with pre-sowing use of growth regulators was 3–6,6 c/ha or 4,9–10,9%, with foliar application – 2,8–7 c/ha or 4,6–11,5%. Thus, the research work for 2019–2021 proved the effectiveness of modern growth regulators in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.

Effects of Various Growth Regulators on in Vitro Rooting of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

Effects of Various Growth Regulators on in Vitro Rooting of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and flowering characters of African marigold (Tagetes erecta)

A field experiment was carried out during rabi (winter) season of 2012–13 at Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh), India to find out the effect of various growth regulators on growth and flowering behaviour of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. ‘Pusa Narangi Gainda’. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with ten treatments comprising of three levels each of Gibberellic acid, GA3 (100, 200 and 300 ppm), ethrel (200, 300 and 400 ppm) and maleic hydrazide (200, 300 and 400 ppm) replicated three times. All the vegetative and flowering characters of marigold influenced significantly due to various plant growth regulators irrespective of their doses. Among growth regulators, GA3 300ppm recorded maximum plant height (75.93 cm), plant spread (50.07cm), and early flower bud initiation (48 days), opening of first flower (89.87 days), duration of flowering (50.47 days), flower stalk length (8.95 cm), flowers plant−1 (60.33), closely followed by GA3 200 ppm over other growth regulators. However, ethrel 400 ppm gave maximum branches plant−1(44.73) in marigold.

In Vitro Studies in ‘Poshita’ Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.): Effect of Gibberellin and Auxins

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of various growth regulators on in vitro responses in an improved cultivar ‘Poshita’ of ashwagandha. During the first study, different levels of gibberellic acid were tried to find out the optimum concentration for micro-shoot elongation and their subsequent effect on rooting in auxin enriched media. Results revealed that gibberellic acid at all levels improved the shoot length, but the higher concentrations had detrimental effects. Micro-shoots elongated on gibberellic acid supplemented media but showed poor rooting as compared to shoots obtained from non gibberellic acid media. In the second approach, callus induction as affected by auxin (naphthalene acetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) concentrations (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/l) explant (epicotyls, hypocotyls, leaves, nodes and root tips) interaction was studied. Naphthalene acetic acid was found to be better source of auxin for induction of calli as compared to 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The callogenic response varied greatly within different explants. Maximum calli without necrotic patches and other deformities were obtained from nodal explants, whereas the callogenesis was poor in root tip explants. The differential callogenic responses obtained through studied combinations could serve as a ready-reckoner for researchers working on this variety of ashwagandha.

High frequency somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in different genotypes of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench from immature inflorescence explants

ABSTRACT This study describes a protocol for the induction of high frequency somatic embryogenesis directly from immature inflorescence explants in three sorghum genotypes (SPV-462, SPV-839, and M35-1). The effect of various growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis was investigated. High frequency somatic embrogenesis was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), and addition of 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin (KN) in the medium further improved the formation of somatic embryos per explant in all genotypes. The presence of 1.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine plus 1.0 mg l−1 KN in MS medium was most efficient for maturation and germination of somatic embryos. The genotype SPV-462 performed better than SPV-839 and M35-1 in terms of induction and germination of somatic embryos. Organogenesis also occurred in callus of all genotypes at the frequency of 20–25%. Regenerated plants from somatic embryos were successfully acclimatized in soil in the greenhouse...

Callus induction and de novo regeneration from callus in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) is a drought tolerant and multipurpose grain legume cash crop grown primarily under rainfed conditions in several countries. The effect of various growth regulators and their combinations on a variety of explants, namely the embryo, cotyledons, cotyledonary nodes, shoot tip and hypocotyle, has been studied and an efficient system for callus induction and regeneration from callus has been developed. It was established that Murashige and Skoog’s culture medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10.0μM) in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (5.0μM) with embryo or cotyledon explants is most suitable for induction of green and friable morphogenic callus, with a range of 82.5–95% of cultured explants responding to callus induction. Efficient de novo shoot regeneration was achieved by culturing the callus obtained on this medium on Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 1-naphthlenacetic acid (13.0μM) in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (5.0μM) with a range of 82.1–88.4% of callus clumps producing 20–25 shoots. In vitro rooting of cultured shoots was obtained on half-salt concentration of Murashige and Skoog’s culture medium supplied with indole-3-butyric acid (5.0μM) on which 82–90% of cultured shoots produced healthy roots. The in vitro regenerated plants were grown to pod setting and subsequent maturity under greenhouse conditions.

Effects of growth regulators on inflorescence proliferation of Bambusa edulis

The effects of various growth regulators in Bambusa edulis inflorescence proliferation were studied. Cytokinin is essential for inflorescence proliferation. Thidiazuron (TDZ) had been the most efficient cytokinin to induce inflorescence proliferation. The optimal TDZ concentration was 0.01–0.1 mg l−1. Inflorescences did not proliferate in media containing auxin, gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), or 1-amino- cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) alone. In TDZ-containing medium, the proliferation ratio decreased when the naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentration higher than 5 mg l−1.

Effects of Various Growth Regulators on Callus Formation and Regeneration in Brassica napus Cv. Oscar

Effects of Various Growth Regulators on Callus Formation and Regeneration in Brassica napus Cv. Oscar

Effect of various growth regulators on shoot regeneration of sugarcane

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid cv. CP 84-1198) embryogenic calluses were induced from young leaves cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 13.6 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Five concentrations, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μM, of five different growth regulators, 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, 6-γ,γ-(dimethylallylamino)purine, zeatin, and thidiazuron, were tested with or without 22.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid to compare their ability to induce regeneration from embryogenic callus. After 4 wk on medium, the percentage of shoot meristem induction was evaluated, and after 10 wk the total number of shoots produced, as well as the percentage of shoots greater than 1 cm in length, was obtained. Although it had the lowest percentage of elongated shoots, medium containing thidiazuron alone performed better than all other growth regulators tested, with the highest percentage of shoot induction and the largest number of shoots, particularly at a concentration of 2.5 μM.

TDZ-Mediated Differentiation in Commercially Valuable Indian Mulberry, Morus indica Cultivars K2 and DD.

The effect of various growth regulators, especially of Thidiazuron (TDZ), on seed germination and subsequent differentiation capabilities of hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, internode, root and petiole explants was studied in the Indian mulberry, Morus indica cultivars K2 and DD. Of the various hormones tried, thidiazuron at a concentration of 5μM, gave the highest percentage of adventitious bud formation in both the hypocotyl and cotyledon explants obtained from the seedlings germinated on 0.5μM TDZ. The young tissue was more responsive and showed up to 50% regeneration from hypocotyl and 70% from cotyledon explants in M. indica cv. K2 when cultured for 10 days on TDZ containing medium. The leaf explants produced adventitious buds after 30 days of culture on 2.5μM TDZ. The 7-day old leaf explants taken from in vitro cultured axillary buds were more efficient in terms of regeneration percentage than the leaf explants derived from the seedlings or from the plants growing in the experimental field. The regenerated shoots were sub-cultured on to Shoot Elongation Medium (SEM: MS+0.5mgl-1 BAP+0.5mgl-1 GA3+2mgl-1 AgNO3) for further growth. Healthy and vigorously growing roots were readily obtained on 1mgl-1 NAA+0.1% activated charcoal (RIM: Root Induction Medium) within three weeks of culture at a rooting percentage of 70-76%. Successfully acclimatized plantlets (95-100%), transferred to the experimental plots, are now well established in the field.

Plant regeneration from cocoyam callus derived from shoot tips and petioles

The effects of various growth regulators on morphogenesis from cocoyam tissues (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) were investigated. Calluses were initiated from shoot tip and petiole explants and proliferated on medium containing 1.36 μM dicamba. Callus production was significantly greater from petioles than from shoot tips. Thidiazuron (0.045 μM) enhanced callus production when dicamba (13.5 μM) was used, and was more favorable to petioles than shoot tips. Friable shoot tip callus was subcultured into liquid media containing either 1.36 μM dicamba alone, 1.35 μM 2,4-D + 0.46 μM kinetin or 1.36 μM dicamba + 0.46 μM kinetin to induce adventive regeneration. Tissues producing single or aggregated shoot buds were subcultured into media containing 0, 0.049 and 0.49 μM 2-isopentenyladenine where bud multiplication and shoot regeneration were observed. Bud aggregates were formed from callus in liquid cultures containing 1.36 μM dicamba, 1.36 μM dicamba + 0.46 μM kinetin or 1.35 μM 2,4-D + 0.46 μM kinetin. Shoot bud clumps which remained green produced shoots, daughter buds, and plantlets in stationary and agitated liquid media containing 0, 0.049 and 0.49 μM 2iP.

The effect of transforming growth factor-β on the alkaline phosphatase activity in rabbit renal cortical tubular cell cultures

The effect of various growth regulators including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-β on the alkaline phosphatase activity of rabbit renal cortical tubular cells has been investigated in a serum-free culture. As a result, it was found that transforming growth factor-β, known to be a growth inhibitor of renal tubular cells, increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the tubular cells dose-dependently and that cycloheximide blocked any increase in the activity of this factor. In contrast, epidermal growth factor decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity in the tubular cells.

Control of Growth Regulator Preconditioned Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) with Herbicides

The effect of various growth regulators on seedling field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL. # CONAR) growth and control with herbicides was evaluated. Fourteen growth regulators were applied at 0.38 to 380 g/ha 7 days before herbicide application in greenhouse, growth chamber and field studies. Field bindweed seedlings pretreated with growth regulators were more effectively controlled by herbicides compared to those not pretreated in greenhouse evaluations. Abscisic acid [[R-(Z,E)]-(+)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6-6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexane-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadicenoic acid] (ABA), ancymidol [a-cyclopropyl-a-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol], cycloheximide {3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocylohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide}, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [N,N′-1,2-ethanediyl-bis-(N-(carboxymethyl) glycine] (EDTA), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) increased field bindweed stem length. Ancymidol and gibberellic acid [ent-3α,10,13-trihydroxy-20-norgibberell-1,16-diene-7,19-dioc acid 19,10-lactone] (GA) increased root weight, and GA increased root length. Cycloheximide, ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] and MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) decreased field bindweed root weight. Ancymidol, GA and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) increased the number of shoots per plant of seedling field bindweed. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) efficacy was enhanced following field bindweed preconditioning with ethephon and IAA. Ancymidol and cycloheximide applied as pretreatments increased glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] activity on seedling field bindweed. Ancymidol and IAA pretreatment improved field bindweed control with triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}. Herbicide-growth regulator combination treatments that increased field bindweed control in greenhouse and growth chamber studies did not increase top growth control in the field.

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE IN VITRO GERMINATION AND TUBE GROWTH OF MAIZE (ZEA MA YS L.) POLLEN FROM PLANTS RAISED UNDER SODIUM CHLORIDE SALINITY

SummaryPollen grains, collected from maize plants raised under conditions of 0, 80, 120 and 160 meq l−1 salinity, were used to investigate the effect of various growth regulators on in vitro germination and tube growth. Indole‐3‐acetic acid had no effect on germination, irrespective of the source of pollen, whether derived from plants grown under saline or non saline conditions. However, its lower concentrations enhanced tube growth in pollen from salinized plants. Gibberellic acid at a concentration of 1 mg l−1 antagonized the depressive effects of 120 meq l−1 salinity on pollen germination. It stimulated tube growth of pollen from saline, as well as, non‐saline plants. However, pollen from salinized plants required a higher concentration of gibberellic acid. Benzylaminopurine ameliorated inhibitory effects of NaCl salinity both on germination and tube growth of pollen. Abscisic acid inhibited germination to a greater extent in pollen from nonsaline than saline plants; but stimulated tube growth in all cases. The present investigation suggests that pollen from salinized plants responds more to growth regulators than those from non‐salimzed plants.

Effect of various growth regulators on growth in vitro of cherry shoot tips

An investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of nine different growth regulators on growth in vitro of shoot cultures of the semi-dwarfing cherry rootstock Colt (Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus). The effects of each supplement on shoot extension and proliferation and also leaf and callus production were noted, and it was found that BAP has the ability to proliferate shoots, IBA nullifies this effect and that kinetin, ABA, GA3 and ethylene inhibit the growth of colt cultures. Conditions were established which resulted in a) optimum shoot growth prior to subsequent rooting or grafting; b) maximum shoot proliferation for rapid clonal multiplication and c) minimum shoot growth. This study will form the basis of an investigation into germplasm conservation of temperate fruit trees by both cryogenic storage and minimal growth techniques.

Studies on the Organogenesis in Carrot Tissue Cultures I. Effects of Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Root Formation

Summary The effects of various growth regulators on in vitro organogenesis of hypocotyl segments of Daucus carota L. cv. US-Harumakigosun are described. IAA, NOA, IBA and NAA induced roots at lower concentrations and somatic embryos at higher concentrations. The short term application (twO weeks) of 2,4-D greatly stimulated the formation of somatic embryos, and continuous application induced yellowish nodular calluses which possess embryonal potential. The effects of some phenoxyacetic acid derivatives on the organogenesis were also tested. POA stimulated neither root nor somatic embryo formation. OCP A only slightlystimulated root formation, while 2,4,5-T, MCPA, and PCPA stimulated somatic embryo formation. Cytokinins such as BA and Z, and 4-PU, an aromatic urea having cytokinin activity, did not induce any organogenesis. However, the application of BA with IAA strongly inhibited the root-inducing action of IAA and induced only soft friable calluses. The shortterm application of BA plus 2,4-D also induced only soft friable calluses suppressing somatic embryo formation. The effects of various other growth regulators such as AMO-1618, TIBA, 2,6-D, ABA, GA 3 and coumarin were examined in suspension cultures of carrot cells. GA 3 , ABA, and AMO-1618 inhibited somatic embryo formation, but TIBA and 2,6-D slightly stimulated it at lower concentrations.

Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses. V. The Effect of Different Growth Substances on Flowering

AbstractThe effect of various growth regulators on the atrophy of terminal flower buds was tested on Baccara roses. Treatments with gibberellic acid (GA) and 2‐chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC) reduced the atrophy of the flowers. The application of 2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid (CEPA) to the buds enhanced abortion, and the effect was more marked on the lower than on the upper shoot. The stage most sensitive to CEPA was when the shoots were 8–35 cm long. Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) had no effect of the degree of “blindness”, nor did kinetin applied to the apex affect flowering. Spraying with benzyl adenine increased both the rate of sprouting of the lateral buds and the extent of “blindness” of the sprouting shoots, but did not reduce the number of flowers per branch.