Effects Of Uniconazole Research Articles

Effects of different cold-resistant agents and application methods on yield and cold-resistance of machine-transplanted early rice.

Cold stress is a critical factor affecting rice production worldwide. The application of cold-resistant agents may improve the cold resistance and yield of crops. To screen for suitable cold-resistant agents for machine-transplanted early rice, the effects of uniconazole, abscisic acid, and zinc-amino acids chelate and their spraying times (seed soaking stage, one leaf and one heart stage, two leaves and one heart stage, 7 days before the transplanting stage, and regreening stage) on the yield and cold resistance of machine-transplanted early rice were investigated. Moreover, the application method (spraying amount: 750 and 1125g ha-1; spraying time: 7 days before the transplanting stage, transplanting stage, regreening stage, and transplanting stage and regreening stage) for the most suitable cold-resistant agent was optimized. The zinc-amino acids chelate was better than the other two cold-resistant agents for promoting rice tillering and increasing the leaf area index, dry matter weight, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, POD) and yield (i.e., 9.22% and 7.14% higher than uniconazole and abscisic acid, respectively), especially when it was applied in the regreening stage. The examination of spraying amounts and times indicated that the zinc-amino acids chelate dosage had no significant effect on the yield and cold resistance of early rice. However, the rice yield and antioxidant enzyme activities were highest when samples were sprayed once in the transplanting stage and the regreening stage. On the basis of the study results, 750g ha-1 zinc-amino acids chelate applications in the transplanting and regreening stages of machine-transplanted early rice plants may be ideal for increasing cold stress resistance and yield.

Application of uniconazole (S3307) promotes selenium accumulation in Cyphomandra betacea seedlings under selenium stress

AbstractTo improve the ability of Cyphomandra betacea to accumulate selenium (Se), the effects of uniconazole (S3307) at different concentrations on the growth and Se accumulation of C. betacea seedlings were studied in this experiment. S3307 at different concentrations increased the biomass of C. betacea seedlings, and 20 mg L−1 S3307 had the best effect. The application of S3307 also increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid) content, and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) activity of C. betacea seedlings. Application of S3307 increased the Se content in the different organs of C. betacea seedlings to some extent. Besides, the different S3307 concentrations demonstrated a polynomial regression relationship with the root and shoot biomass and the root and shoot Se content. Besides, Se content of the various organs significantly positive correlated with the different organs' biomass. These results indicate that S3307 promotes C. betacea seedling growth and improves Se accumulation ability, with 20 mg L−1 demonstrating the highest response.

Effects of Uniconazole on Leaves Photosynthesis, Root Distribution and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)

Effects of Uniconazole on Leaves Photosynthesis, Root Distribution and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)

Effects of uniconazole on the physiological characteristics and cadmium accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

AbstractTo determine if the uniconazole concentration(s) whether could enhance the cadmium (Cd) tolerance of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings, the effects of spray treatments with various uniconazole concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/L) on the physiological characteristics and Cd accumulation of C. betacea seedlings were studied in a hydroponic experiment. The results indicated that uniconazole significantly decreased the Cd content of C. betacea seedling stems, leaves, and shoots, but significantly increased the biomass of all analyzed seedling parts. Additionally, the leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents as well as the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and CO2 concentration of intercellular were higher for the uniconazole‐treated C. betacea seedlings than for the control seedlings. The optimal uniconazole concentration significantly promoted the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and the soluble protein content of C. betacea leaves. Moreover, uniconazole decreased the soluble sugar content of the C. betacea roots and stems, but had the opposite effect on the soluble sugar content of the leaves and shoots. The 20 mg/L uniconazole treatment resulted in the highest C. betacea seedling biomass and the lowest Cd content, indicating this concentration may be useful for improving C. betacea seedling growth in Cd‐contaminated soils.

3D quantification on regulatory effects of uniconazole on soybean growth under flooding stress based on Planteye F500

3D quantification on regulatory effects of uniconazole on soybean growth under flooding stress based on Planteye F500

Effects of uniconazole or ethephon foliar application on culm mechanical strength and lignin metabolism, and their relationship with lodging resistance in winter wheat

Lodging in plants is an important constraint that leads to yield losses and cause problems with mechanical harvesting. This research was aimed at determining the effects of foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon on lignin metabolism, characteristics of second basal internode and their relationship with lodging resistance in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In separate experiments, uniconazole was sprayed on the foliage at concentrations of 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L–1, and ethephon at concentrations of 0, 50, 75 and 100 mg L–1 at the four-leaf stage. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon significantly reduced the lodging rate by increasing the lignin content and optimising basal-internode characteristics. Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with breaking strength, and negatively correlated with lodging rate, whereby the higher lignin content in the second basal internode significantly improved the lodging resistance and reduced the lodging rate in the wheat crop. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon also increased the breaking strength, internode diameter, wall thickness and internode plumpness of the second basal internode; maximum values were obtained with uniconazole at 30 mg L–1 and with ethephon at 75 mg L–1. Grain yield, lignin content and lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase were all significantly improved with the foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon. These results suggest that lignin content in the second basal internode in wheat was closely related with lodging resistance. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon at the four-leaf stage reduced the lodging rate, and the concentration showing the greatest effects was 30 mg L–1 for uniconazole or 75 mg L–1 for ethephon.

Foliar application of uniconazole improves yield through enhancement of photosynthate partitioning and translocation to tuberous roots in sweetpotato

ABSTRACTTo examine the effects of uniconazole (UCZ) on the distribution and transport of photosynthate in sweetpotatoes, three spraying levels of UCZ, 0 (control), 50 and 100 mg L−1, were exposed to an experimental field cultivated with Jishu26 (‘J26ʹ) and Xushu32 (‘X32ʹ) varieties. Compared to control, the distribution of carbon-13 (13C) was significantly higher in the tuberous roots of both varieties treated with UCZ. In addition, UCZ treatments promoted a desirable top-to-base sucrose gradient and significant greater declines in the top-to-bottom amino acid and potassium ion (K+) gradients along the stem. Higher tuberous root yields were found in the UCZ-treated ‘J26ʹ and ‘X32ʹ. In comparison to 50 mg L−1 UCZ, ‘J26ʹ treated with 100 mg L−1 UCZ exhibited significantly higher distribution ratio of 13C in tuberous root, and reductions in the top-to-bottom amino acid and K+ gradients along the stems at 105 and 150 days after planting. Furthermore, 100 mg L−1 of UCZ application exhibited a significantly higher tuberous root yield. For ‘X32ʹ, the two concentrations of UCZ demonstrated no significant differences in these parameters. A reasonable distribution structure of photosynthates that responsible for high yields is associated with the desirable sucrose, ammonia nitrogen (N) or K+ gradient along the stems caused by UCZ application.

Effects of uniconazole or gibberellic acid application on the lignin metabolism in relation to lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

AbstractLignin plays an important role in increasing the mechanical intensity of culm and improving lodging resistance of culm. In this study, three common buckwheat, Youqiao2 (lodging‐tolerant cultivar; YQ2), Ningqiao1 (middle lodging‐tolerant cultivar; NQ1) and Ukraine daliqiao (lodging‐susceptible cultivar; UD), were used to investigate the effects of spraying exogenous hormones uniconazole (S‐3307) or gibberellic acid (GA3) on lignin metabolism and its relation to lodging resistance in the three common buckwheat cultivars. Results showed that application of S‐3307 significantly increased lignin content and its related enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), 4‐hydroxy cinnamoyl CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD). The major genes involved in lignin synthesis, PAL, CCR (cinnamyl CoA reductase), C4H (cinnamate4‐hydroxylase), 4CL and CCoAOMT (caffeoyl CoA O‐methyltransferase), were all upregulated expression, and COMT (catechol‐O‐methyltransferase) was downregulated. What is more, application of S‐3307 significantly improved the resistance of common buckwheat stem to lodging and increased yield. Whereas, spraying with GA3 caused opposite effect on those characteristics. These results suggested that application of exogenous S‐3307 or GA3 significantly changed the risk of lodging occurred by regulating the lignin metabolism in culms of common buckwheat.

Uniconazole (S-3307) strengthens the growth and cadmium accumulation of accumulator plant Malachium aquaticum

ABSTRACTThe effects of uniconazole (S-3307) application on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of accumulator plant Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries. were studied through a pot experiment. The application of S-3307 increased the biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of M. aquaticum in Cd-contaminated soil, and also improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in M. aquaticum. Application of S-3307 increased Cd content in shoots and decreased Cd content in roots of M. aquaticum, but the translocation factor (TF) of M. aquaticum increased with the increase of S-3307 concentration. For phytoextraction, the application of S-3307 increased Cd extractions by roots, shoots and whole plants of M. aquaticum, and the maxima were obtained at 75 mg L−1 S-3307, which increased by 22.07%, 37.79% and 29.07%, respectively, compared with their respective controls. Therefore, S-3307 can be used for enhancing the Cd extraction ability of M. aquaticum, and 75 mg L−1 S-3307 was the optimal dose.

Effects of uniconazole on the lignin metabolism and lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

Lodging is one of the major factors contributing to common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) yield and quality reduction. This study was conducted to determine whether lignin metabolism and lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat could be affected by uniconzole. Two common buckwheat cultivars, Youqiao2 (lodging-tolerant cultivar; YQ2) and Ukraine daliqiao (lodging-susceptible cultivar; UD), were used to investigate the effects of uniconzole on the common buckwheat lodging behavior, lignin metabolism in culm and its relation to lodging resistance. In one experiment, seed dressing with uniconazole at the rate of 0 (CK1), 100 (P1), 200 (P2), and 300 (P3)mgkg−1 were applied. In the second experiment, foliar spraying with uniconazole at the rate of 0 (CK2), 25 (S1), 50 (S2), 75 (S3), and 100 (S4)mgL−1 were applied at the four-leaf stage. Results showed that the lignin content was significantly and positively correlated with culm snapping resistance, while significantly and negatively correlated with lodging index and lodging percentage. The lodging index and lodging percentage decreased and then increased with the increase of the concentration of uniconazole, and their minimum values appeared in the P2 and S3 treatments. The yield, culm snapping resistance, lignin content, and the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of uniconazole, and their maximum values appeared in the P2 and S3 treatments. These results suggested that the lignin content is closely related to the lodging resistance of common buckwheat, and higher lignin content could strengthen the lodging resistance of common buckwheat. Uniconazole significantly decreased the risk of lodging occurred by increasing the lignin content and its related enzymes activities of culm, and the concentrations which showed the greatest effects were 200mgkg−1 with seed dressing and 75mgL−1 with foliar spraying.

Quantifying the effects of uniconazole on growth and yield of pyrethrum in Australia

The efficacy of the plant growth regulator uniconazole (Sumagic®) for manipulating pyrethrum canopy architecture and enhancing yield was evaluated in each of 3 years across northern Tasmania, Australia. Trials examined the efficacy of, and factors influencing, reliability and magnitude of responses, including product rate, application timing, the benefits of adding a non-ionic organosilicone surfactant (Activator®) and combining application with urea. Results suggested that a rate of 100 g L−1 uniconazole (2 L ha−1 Sumagic®) was the most efficacious and that the addition of Activator® was unnecessary. However, at the highest rate, the cost of using the product became prohibitive and therefore trials in the latter 2 years of the study were conducted using the lower rate. Timing of application was not critical for efficacy and yield enhancements were observed when uniconazole was applied when stem length ranged from 16 to 36 cm, coinciding with a 30-day period in spring. Physiological effects of uniconazole were significant reductions in the height of stems (approximately 6 cm at flowering), increases in green leaf area and the number of flowers produced per unit area; the effects were independent of field age. This information has formed the basis for a cost-benefit analysis for the adoption of uniconazole into pyrethrum production in Australia.

Responses of Root Growth and Nitrogen Transfer Metabolism to Uniconazole, a Growth Retardant, during the Seedling Stage of Soybean under Relay Strip Intercropping System

Relay strip intercropping of soybean has been widely developed in the southwest of China to secure China's soybean production. However, due to the shading from maize, soybean plants are thin and have a poor root system. Uniconazole is a plant-growth retardant that could enhance root vigor; increase root length, root volume, and root dry weight; and affect nitrogen (N) metabolism. To understand the effects of uniconazole on the root growth and N-transfer metabolism of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, the changes in some morphological characteristics of root, dry-matter weight, root vigor, nitrate (NO3 −)-N, ammonium (NH4 +)-N, and amino acid of xylem sap after seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg−1 seed) were investigated. Main root length, total lateral root lengths, first lateral root numbers, root nodule numbers, root vigor together with bleeding sap, bleeding sap–top ratio, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio were increased, indicating uniconazole improved soybean root system in relay strip intercropping. Uniconazole powder treatment could increase NO3 −-N, NH4 +-N, and total amino acid of xylem sap, to increase the potential of leaf and root N reduction and assimilation, and increase of leaf and root N contents. Thus, results suggested that uniconazole treatment can improve root growth and N transfer mechanism of soybean to support its further growth.

Effects of uniconazole and GA3 on cold-induced stem elongation and flowering of Raphanus sativus L.

The effects of gibberellin (GA) on cold-induced stem elongation and flowering of Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were investigated using application of GA3 and a GA-biosynthesis inhibitor, uniconazole (UCZ). UCZ very strongly inhibited stem elongation and delayed flowering, and the inhibition and delay were completely reversed by GA3 application. These results suggest that GA is necessary not only in the stem elongation but also in the flowering. When cold treatment (CT) was conducted on the plants whose GA level was lowered by UCZ, GA3 applied after CT completely reversed the delay of flowering. Thus low GA level probably did not retard cold induction. Microscopic observation of apical meristem showed that UCZ delayed flowering by delaying the shift from vegetative to dome-shaped meristem. This result suggested that low GA level delayed floral evocation. Consequently it was suggested that low GA level retarded physiological process involved in long day induction or in floral evocation, resulting in delay of floral evocation.

Promotive and inhibitory effects of uniconazole and prohexadione on the sprouting of bulbils of Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita

Gibberellin A1 (GA1), GA3 and GA4 inhibited the sprouting of nondormant bulbils of Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita, where the effectiveness of the GAs was as follows: GA4>GA1+GA3. Uniconazole and prohexadione, plant growth retardants, promoted the sprouting of half-dormant bulbils. By contrast, these retardants inhibited the sprouting of nondormant bulbils. Gibberellin A3 (GA3) and A4 (GA4) which were applied to the stems of the sprouted bulbils, promoted stem elongation, but GAs applied to the bulbous parts inhibited this process. The effectiveness of the GAs on stem elongation was as follows: GA3+GA4 for the promotion and GA4 > GA3 for the inhibition. Uniconazole applied to the stem inhibited the stem elongation of the sprouted bulbils. These results suggest the possible involvement of endogenous GAs in the induction and maintenance of bulbil dormancy of D. opposita, as well as in the bulbil sprouting and subsequent stem elongation.