Effect Of Ultrasonic Treatment Research Articles

Ultrasonic Effects on the Quality of Mulberry Juice

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ultrasonic treatments on the extraction yield and the quality of mulberry juice. The mulberry mash was treated with ultrasound at different incubation times from 30 to 120 min and different temperatures from 30 to 75 °C. The determination of the juice yield, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity, l-ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, and the titratable acidity of the juice were carried out. Overall, applying ultrasound at 45 °C for 60 min resulted in the highest juice yield and antioxidant contents for the mulberry juice. The ultrasonic treatment increased the extraction yield (29.6%), the total soluble solid (8.7%), the titratable acidity (39.3%), the l-ascorbic acid content (94.3%), total phenolic content (174.1%), total anthocyanin content (156.9%) and the antioxidant capacity (40.7%) of the mulberry juice as compared to pressing only. A strong positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity indicated that phenolic compounds were the main antioxidants in the beverage.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6016 aluminium alloy

ABSTRACTUltrasonic treatment was applied during solidification forming of 6016 aluminium alloys. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 6016 aluminium alloy ingot were studied. Compared with conventional casting, the ingot prepared with ultrasound applied to the molten metal had a fully refined microstructure and greater material homogeneity. Ultrasonic treatment reduced the amount of porosity developed by embedded gas and also resulted in an obvious decrease in solidification defects, like shrinkage. In addition, component segregation was minimised and the mechanical properties were enhanced.

The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the microstructure of Sn-58Bi alloy

The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the microstructure of Sn-58Bi alloy

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Characteristics of Superplasticity of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V

Effect of ultrasonic treatment (UST) with an amplitude of oscillating tension-compression stresses 100 MPa on the characteristics of superplastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with an ultrafine grained (UFG) structure processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is studied. During tensile tests at 600°C with initial strain rates in the interval from 10-4 to 10-3 s-1, ultrasonically irradiated samples exhibit a reduced flow stress, higher values of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient and elongation to failure as compared to the samples tested directly after ECAP. Detailed studies of the microstructure of samples subjected to ECAP only and ECAP followed by UST revealed no considerable differences. It is suggested that the UST affected fine structure of the material bringing them to a state with a higher ability of relaxation of deformation-induced defects.

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on segregation and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–Gd binary alloys

The current study investigates the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the gravity segregation and dendritic segregation of the Mg–8Gd alloys. Corresponding microstructures and mechanical properties at different heights of the ingots were analyzed. Without ultrasonic treatment, the microstructures and mechanical properties at different heights of the ingot were significantly different. The content of Gd in the bottom sample reached up to 11.4% and a large number of network eutectic structures could be observed along the coarse dendrites, which was confirmed to be the main reason for the brittle fracture with a poor elongation of 2.75%. In addition, there were also some cubic phases proved to be α-Gd, MgGd and Mg2Gd. When the ultrasonic was introduced into the melt, the cavitation effect and acoustic streaming occurred, resulting in the uniformities of temperature and Gd content in the alloy melt. As a consequence, the microstructures at different heights tend to be similar with the equiaxed α-Mg matrix containing Mg5Gd in homogeneous dispersion state and both the strength and the elongation of the samples were improved obviously.

The Influence of Ultrasonic Cavitation on the Formation of Fe-Rich Intermetallics in A383 Alloy

The effect of ultrasonic treatment (UST) on the formation of Fe-rich intermetallics (including sludge) in the A383 alloy is investigated for different processing temperatures in the present study. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to analyze the precipitation temperature of the sludge phase. The results revealed that the sludge will precipitate at a temperature above that of the Al matrix and the precipitation temperature decreases with an increasing cooling rate. UST cavitation applied at different temperatures (600 °C to 750 °C) during the solidification process breaks the sludge into small island-like pieces. However, the aggregation trend of the sludge is not changed. Sludge with small size and uniform distribution is obtained when UST is applied at 600 °C, which is lower than the precipitation temperature of the sludge. At the highest temperature (850 °C), the application of UST has no effect on the formation of either sludge or α-Fe intermetallics. At 750 °C, UST promotes the formation of the sludge when applied at 750 °C.

The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the mechanisms of grain formation in as-cast high purity zinc

The potential for producing a large refined equiaxed zone by ultrasonic treatment (UST) of high purity zinc was investigated in order to improve the mechanical performance and formability. The macrostructure of cast ingots changed from large columnar grains without UST to three zones of fine columnar grains adjacent to the mould walls of the ingot, a refined equiaxed zone and a zone of a mixture of coarse equiaxed and columnar grains. A small zone of equiaxed grains was obtained when UST was applied during cooling from 440 °C to 419 °C for 2 min. The size of the equiaxed zone increased from about 20% of the casting’s cross section to 50% when UST was applied for 3 or 4 min. In contrast, the application of UST for a longer time from a higher temperature (450–419 °C for 4 min) resulted in a smaller equiaxed zone of 18% indicating that a specific combination of UST time and temperature is required for the formation of a large equiaxed zone. The factors affecting the formation of the equiaxed zone throughout the solidification cycle are described.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on gel rheological properties and gel formation of high-methoxyl pectin

To explore modification effects of ultrasonic treatment on high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), HMP was used as raw material and processed by ultrasonic treatment under different powers (120, 240, 360 and 480 W). Rheological properties of HMP gel were tested. Moreover, the HMP gel formation process was analyzed through kinetic analysis. Results demonstrate that the viscosity of HMP was reduced significantly by ultrasonic treatment. However, the rheological properties of HMP gel were retained, and they still showed typical pseudoplastic and shear thinning properties. HMP gel of the low-power treatment group showed better viscoelasticity compared with those of the contrast group. The maximum G′ and G″ were achieved after HMP was treated by 120 W ultrasonic power when elasticity of HMP was enhanced significantly. Moreover, the structure of HMP was damaged by the cavitation effect and mechanical effect as ultrasonic power increased, thereby the strength of gel decreased significantly. Ultrasonic treatment could weaken the gel formation ability of HMP. During gel formation, the activation energy difference between the high-temperature and low-temperature stages reduced with increasing ultrasonic power. The 120 W treatment group achieved the maximum activation energy difference between the high-temperature and low-temperature stages, while the 480 W treatment group achieved the minimum activation energy difference.

Effect of ultrasonic treatment of the mechanically mixed nanosized CuO–MgO solids on their catalytic properties in the CO oxidation

ABSTRACTThe ultrasonic and the combined ultrasonic/mechanochemical treatments were used for the 1% СuO–MgO catalyst preparation by a simple mechanical mixing of the CuO nanopowder with MgO. Results of the XRD and TEM studies show that the ultrasonic treatment significantly increases the CuO nanoparticle size. The CO oxidation study reveals that the impact of the force treatments caused by the ultrasonic and the combined ultrasonic/mechanochemical activation leads to the catalyst deactivation due to the CuO nanoparticles agglomeration.

The effect of ultrasound on the properties and conformation of glucoamylase

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the enzyme activity of glucoamylase were investigated and the mechanism of the effect was explored by determining their conformational changes. The enzyme activity was increased by 21.07% over the control with ultrasound at 420W for 10min at 60°C, and Vmax and Km values of glucoamylase were also increased. After ultrasonic treatment at 420W, thermodynamic experiments of glucoamylase showed that Ea, ΔG, ΔH decreased but slight increase in ΔS was observed. In addition, after the treatment, the UV spectra showed that the number of tryptophan and tyrosine on glucoamylase surface increased, and the contents of α-helix and random coil increased by 17.8%, 12.41%, respectively, through the circular dichroism spectrum scanning. Besides, fluorescence spectra indicated that the absorption of tryptophan has a red shift. Furthermore, fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the glucoamylase was significantly influenced by ultrasound. The results indicated that the activity of glucoamylase could be modified by ultrasonic treatment mainly in terms of the variation of their conformation.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on amylose-lipid complex formation and properties of sweet potato starch-based films

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the properties of sweet potato starch and sweet potato starch-based films, the complexing index, thermograms and diffractograms of the sweet potato starch-lauric acid composite were tested, and light transmission, microstructure, and mechanical and moisture barrier properties of the films were measured. The results indicated that the low power density ultrasound was beneficial to the formation of an inclusion complex. In thermograms, the gelatinization enthalpies of the ultrasonically treated starches were lower than those of the untreated sample. With the ultrasonic amplitude increased from 40% to 70%, the melting enthalpy (ΔH) of the inclusion complex gradually decreased. X-ray diffraction revealed that the diffraction intensity of the untreated samples was weaker than that of the ultrasonically treated samples. When the ultrasonic amplitude was above 40%, the diffraction intensity and relative crystallinity of inclusion complex gradually decreased. The scanning electronic microscope showed that the surface of the composite films became smooth after being treated by ultrasonication. Ultrasonication led to a reduction in film surface roughness under atomic force microscopy analysis. The films with ultrasonic treatment exhibited higher light transmission, lower elongation at break, higher tensile strength and better moisture barrier property than those without ultrasonic treatment.

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment of the Stale Tails of the Kamysh-Burun Iron Ore Plant (Republic of Crimea)

The proposed technology of ultrasonic pulp processing in a magnetic field makes it possible to obtain a magnetic concentrate from tailings of magnetic enrichment with a total iron content of 40,8 % and a nonmagnetic product with an iron content of more than 26 % total, which is the iron oxide pigment concluded by the Yaroslavsky Pigment LLC research laboratory. Thus, this technology for processing technogenic tailings is non-waste and economically feasible.

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment Combined with Peracetic Acid Treatment Reduces Decay and Maintains Quality in Loquat Fruit

The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT, 400 watts for 6 min) combined with peracetic acid (PA, 0.4% (W/W)) treatment on fruit decay, browning, and quality and physiological changes in loquat fruit stored at 20°C were investigated. The results showed that treatment with UT or PA alone significantly reduced both decay and browning index in loquat fruit compared with the control. The combined treatment was more effective in decreasing decay and browning index and maintaining higher quality parameters than UT or PA treatment alone. Loquat fruits treated with the combined treatment maintained higher activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) than those treated with other treatments. In addition, UT combined with PA treatment significantly reduced the increase of firmness and increased fruit extractable juice, total soluble solid (TSS), and ascorbic acid content in loquat fruit. Moreover, the contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids were enhanced by the combination of UT and PA treatment. The combination of UT and PA treatment could be a useful method to reduce decay and browning in loquat fruit stored at room temperature, which has potential for application in the loquat industry.

Ultrasound assisted enzymatic degumming of crude soybean oil

The present work deals with ultrasound assisted enzymatic degumming (UAED) of crude soybean oil quantifying the extent of degumming (EOD), cavitational yield and synergistic index (f) for the combination approaches. The effect of different operating parameters such as enzyme loading, pH, presence of water, temperature and ultrasonic power on the EOD has been investigated. Ultrasound combined with enzyme at loading of 2.0 ml/L resulted in EOD as 92.2% under ambient conditions. Addition of water (5%) in combination with ultrasound and enzyme at 2.0 ml/L loading and pH of 5 resulted in maximum EOD (98.4%) in 120 min of treatment. The extent of phospholipid separation was also observed to be dependent on the power dissipation and maximum phospholipids separation was obtained at 100 W. Scale-up studies were performed at 500 ml and 1 L operating volume under optimized conditions of 2.0 ml/L as the enzyme loading, pH of 5, 5% water addition and ultrasonic power of 100 W where 93.63% and 91.15% phospholipid separation respectively was obtained. The effects of ultrasonic treatment were also quantified in terms of the acid value reduction and oxidative stability for the processed oil. It was demonstrated that suitable reduction in acid value (final value less than 1) and oxidative stability (TOTOX less than 4) is effectively obtained using UAED. Overall the approach of UAED was established to show much higher efficacy for soybean oil processing as compared to only ultrasound or only enzymatic treatment.

Ultrasonic Modified Sweet Potato Pectin Induces Apoptosis like Cell Death in Colon Cancer (HT-29) Cell Line

ABSTRACTBackground: Pectin and especially modified citrus pectin possesses anticancer activity. Hence, the current study investigated anticancer activity of ultrasonic-modified sweet potato pectin (SPP) on HT-29 cells to assess its potential as a cancer therapeutic agent. Method: The effect of ultrasonic treatment on SPP molecular weight, galacturonic acid content, degree of methoxylation, and neutral sugar was investigated. Moreover, the effect of sonicated variant on human HT-29 cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, cell cytotoxicity, and apoptosis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometer and caspase-3 activity was studied. Results and discussion: Sonication led up to seven-fold decrease in molecular weight. The degree of methoxylation (DM) decreased more than two-fold. Moreover, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content increased up to 92%, arabinose and galactose content increased. The SSPP inhibited cell proliferation with the IC50 values 0.5 mg/ml and 0.75 mg/ml for 400 W and 200 W SSPP, respectively. Moreover, 14.41 ± 1.64% cell cytotoxicity was elicited by 400 W SSPP and 6.83 ± 0.80% by 200 W SSPP. Both SSPPs induced apoptosis with 400 W SSPP eliciting 19.42% and 42.21% apoptosis at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, while 200 W SSPP induced 13.79% and 39.50% apoptosis at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. SSPP activity increased with both increased concentration and sonication intensity.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the transesterification of PC/PMMA blends

An ultrasound‐assisted transesterification process was fabricated in the miscible polycarbonate (PC)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends to implement in situ compatibilization of PC/PMMA. The effects of sonication time and ultrasonic power on the transesterification process were systematically investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements showed that ultrasonic oscillation could initiate the transesterification in PC/PMMA blends which heating treatment could hardly initiate. And a higher ultrasonic power and longer sonication time were beneficial to the transesterification process. The 1H‐NMR analysis, molecular weight distribution analysis, and gel content calculation indicated that the transesterification process rather than the degradation of PMMA was more favored under sonication. Compared with PMMA, PC was much more prone to break under the application of ultrasonic oscillation. Considering the synergetic effect of polymer degradation and the diffusion of free radical into phase interfaces under ultrasonic oscillation, a potential mechanism of the transesterification process within PC/PMMA blends was proposed at last. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1508–1515, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Ultrasonic piezoceramic module and technology for stimulating low-productivity wells

An ultrasonic oil well module based on piezoceramic radiators and an ultrasonic technology are developed to restore or increase the productivity of marginal wells (also known as stripper wells) and to enhance the oil recovery factor. Model calculation of the effect of ultrasonic treatment in the near-wellbore area on the oil recovery factor and the dynamics of oil production is performed. The field tests of the ultrasonic piezoceramic oil well module and technology in the Samotlor oil field in Western Siberia (Russia) have shown a high efficiency: the average increase in the daily production rate is 75%, the increase in the well productivity index is on average 40%, and the decrease in the water cut of the well fluid is on average 8.2%. The advantages of the technology are also as follows: it is not more complex than the geophysical study of wells, mobile small-size equipment, the selectivity of treatment, low operating costs, the absence of a negative effect on the production string and the cement sheath, and the absence of a negative impact on the environment and the health of operators. The developed ultrasonic module and technology are offered to oil-producing companies for the stimulation of marginal wells and enhanced oil recovery.

Impact of ultrasound and blanching on functional properties of hot-air dried and freeze dried onions

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment and blanching prior to hot-air drying and freeze drying of onions on the retention of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, total flavonoids, and quercetin). Onion slices were treated either with ultrasound at 20 kHz and different amplitude levels (24.4–61 μm) for 1, 3 and 5 min or with blanching using hot water at 70 °C for 1, 3 and 5 min. The ultrasound treatment improved the retention of bioactive compounds (especially quercetin) and accordingly the antioxidant activity in onion slices dried either by freeze drying or hot-air drying. This is ascribed to the destruction of the original tissue structure by ultrasound and thus higher extraction ability of the studied phytochemicals. Comparing ultrasound treated samples, freeze dried onions had a higher retention of bioactive compounds than hot-air dried ones. Blanched and ultrasound treated dried onions exhibited similar colour change. Therefore, ultrasound treatment is a potential alternative to conventional blanching before drying of onion slices.

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bioplastic from Cassava Starch with Nanoclay Reinforcement

The research is to investigate influence of sonication treatment on the morphologi and mechanical properties of bioplastic filler nanoclay with different nanoclay concentration. The bioplastic was prepared using blending method among bioplastic, glycerol, and nanoclay with assistance of sonication treatment of 30 mins. Structural characterization of bioplastic was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties using durumeter Shore A, tensile strength and the physical properties using density. SEM evidence on a bioplastic basis. Hardness of bioplastic with addition of nanoclay 5.0% (b/b) and sonication treatment produce bioplastic with maximum hardness properties increased to 76.24 Shore A, tensile strength of 13.5 and Young’s modulus of 47, as well as the added density of 1.238 g/cm3. Nanoclay 7.5% (b/b) upwards will experience decreased hardness and experience agglomerate and debonding.

Refinement of LPSO structure in Mg-Ni-Y alloys by ultrasonic treatment

Effect of ultrasonic treatment (UT) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg99.0−xNixY1.0 (x=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, at.%) alloys was investigated. With the increase of Ni content, the amount of eutectic structure, consisting of Mg, Mg2Ni phase and LPSO structure, increased while the mechanical properties decreased in as-cast alloys. After introducing UT to the melt, the secondary phases in these alloys were refined significantly and distributed uniformly, especially for long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure. In Mg98.5Ni0.5Y1.0 alloy, the formation of MgNi4Y phase, which was distributed adjacent to the LPSO structure at the grain boundaries, was stimulated by UT. In Mg97.5Ni1.5Y1.0 alloy with UT, not only the width of grain boundaries were reduced, but also both the width of LPSO structure and that of eutectic structure were reduced. The optimal mechanical properties were obtained in Mg98.5Ni0.5Y1.0 alloy, which exhibited 206MPa in ultimate tensile stress and 7.96% in elongation, respectively. After UT, these properties were enhanced to 231MPa and 14.56%, respectively. The other alloys’ mechanical properties were also enhanced significantly by UT.