Effects Of Ultrasonic Amplitude Research Articles

Effect of ultrasonic amplitude and riveting speed on mechanical properties of Ti-45Nb riveted lap joints

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining has been introduced as a new process in riveting aircraft components. In this paper, the effects of different ultrasonic amplitudes and riveting speeds on the quality, shear properties, and cross-tension properties of riveted joints are investigated. The failure sample fracture was characterized using a scanning electron microscope and the cause of the fracture was discussed. The results show that the ultrasonic amplitude is negatively correlated with the height of the riveted joint and positively correlated with the diameter of the riveted joint. The maximum shear failure load was obtained at a riveting speed of 5 mm/s with an ultrasonic amplitude of 35.3 μm, and the maximum cross tensile failure load was obtained at an ultrasonic amplitude of 23.3 μm. All shear fractures occurred in the rivet shanks and all cross fractures occurred in the rivet manufactured head, and the failure modes of both shear and cross-tension fracture were mixed brittle and plastic fracture modes.

Experimental study on ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical polishing of NiTi alloy

NiTi alloy has a wide range of applications due to its unique superelasticity and shape memory, the superelastic function of NiTi alloy made it had been applied in building shock absorption, advanced bearings and other scenes, the shape memory function made it also applied in the fields of aerospace engine heat exchanger, cardiac medical stent and so on. In order to made NiTi alloy better applied in practice and improve its surface quality, it was crucial to polish it. In this paper, a new method of ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical polishing of NiTi alloy was innovatively proposed, and an ultrasonic electrochemical polishing device was built independently. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, voltage and temperature on roughness were explored by Box-Behnken experimental design method. The results show that after ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical polishing, the roughness Ra had been reduced from about 2 μm to the minimum of 0.048 μm. The surface quality of NiTi alloy was improved. The impact of micro-jet of cavitation bubble on NiTi alloy mainly occurs in the early stage, and the equivalent stress on the surface of NiTi alloy was annular, showing an increasing and decreasing trend. In the whole ultrasonic electrochemical polishing solution, a large number of micro-jets will impact the surface of NiTi alloy, thus realizing the material removal. This study enhances traditional electrochemical polishing techniques by integrating ultrasonic energy fields, thus broadening the scope of electrochemical polishing applications. Additionally, it presents a novel approach and establishes a foundation for the polishing of NiTi alloys with intricate geometries in additive manufacturing.

Acceleration mechanism of abrasive particle in ultrasonic polishing under synergistic physical vibration and cavitation: Numerical study

Ultrasonic technology is widely applied in the engineering ceramic polishing processes without the limitation of material properties and ideally integrated into computer numerical control system. Ultrasonic-induced cavitation and mechanical vibration effect could accelerate the motion of solid abrasives. The individual behaviors of microjet/shockwave of ultrasonic cavitation in gases and liquids, and micro-abrasives with simple harmonic vibrations in solids and liquids has been extensively studied. To conduct a systematic and integrated study of abrasives behavior in the polishing contact region involving abrasive, surround-workpiece wall, ultrasonic physical vibration, and ultrasonic cavitation impact, a novel model integrating the free abrasive motion velocity and fixed abrasive indentation depth under multi-scale contact was proposed according to Hertzian contact theory, Greenwood-Williamson model, indentation deformation theory, the basic equations of cavitation bubble dynamics, cavitation impact control equations, and Newton's law of motion equation. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, preloading force and particle size on the proposed model were investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Ultrasonic physical vibration mainly influences the dynamic gap and further influence the number of different abrasives. Furthermore, the indentation depth of fixed abrasive depends mainly on the abrasive geometry. As the contact gap and abrasive size decrease, the indentation depth gradually decreases. Under the synergistic effect of cavitation-induced shock wave and microjet, the velocity of free abrasive in this paper is generally 0–150 m/s, and the kinetic energy of free abrasive increases roughly linearly with increasing frequency and approximately as a quadratic function with increasing particle size. Increasing the preloading force leads to a reduction in the abrasive kinetic energy. Besides, the kinetic energy induced by the shock wave has a cliff-like increment at an amplitude of 0.7–0.8 μm. It is revealed that the abrasive kinetic energy is suppressed by the cavitation bubble expansion and collapse at smaller ultrasonic pressure amplitude and surround-wall distance. This research provides a theoretical reference for the modeling of potential defects and material removal on the workpiece surface caused by abrasive motion during polishing, and reduces the trial cost for parameter optimization in actual polishing processing.

Surface/subsurface formation mechanism of tungsten during ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting

The ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) has been proved to be a valid method to improve surface quality and reduce subsurface damage of tungsten. However, it is still a huge challenge to elucidate the surface/subsurface formation mechanism of tungsten during UEVC. Hence, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to reveal the formation mechanism of surface/subsurface during UEVC of tungsten from the atomic level, and the effects of ultrasonic amplitude and frequency on the surface/subsurface formation were explored. The results showed that compared with general cutting (GC), the improved surface quality was attributed to the smaller actual cutting depth and more amorphous tungsten in chips caused by cyclic loading-unloading during UEVC. Moreover, the reversing friction direction facilitated the formation of surface chips during UEVC as well. The thermal-activated dislocations caused by high transient cutting temperature could result in the wide distribution of subsurface dislocations, and the dislocations were usually expanded by the way of crystal plane slip to suppress generation of long slip plane, which could reduce the subsurface damage of tungsten during UEVC. In comparison with ultrasonic amplitude in cutting depth direction, elevated ultrasonic amplitude in cutting speed direction or ultrasonic frequency could reduce depth of subsurface damage layer, surface roughness, and dislocation density, which derived from the small transient cutting force and stress as well as high strain rate. This study provides a new insight into the surface/subsurface formation mechanism of tungsten during UEVC, which can offer a theoretical basis on the selection of ultrasonic parameters for achieving high surface/subsurface quality for tungsten and other materials machined by UEVC.

A novel EDM method using longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration (LTV) electrodes to improve machining performance for micro-holes

This study proposes a new EDM method using longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration (LTV) electrodes for micro-hole machining to address the problems of debris removal and difficult working fluid exchange in micro-hole processing, which can enhance the micro-hole machining performance. A 38.9 kHz ultrasonic vibration transducer is developed for LTV electrodes, and the fluid distribution in the micro-holes gap is simulated when LTV electrodes were used to process micro-hole. The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on flow rate and debris removal efficiency is discussed. A study is conducted to analyze the morphogenesis of the electrode extremity and the micro-hole inlet/outlet at different amplitudes. This study finds that applying appropriate ultrasonic amplitude (2–4μm longitudinal amplitude, 0.2–0.35μm torsional amplitude) to the electrode effectively reduces the electrode tip and corner wear and the flanging burr of the micro-hole inlet/outlet. Compared EDM micro-hole machining with the rotating electrode only, the material removal rate (MRR) is increased by nearly two times with the simultaneous application of 4 μm longitudinal ultrasonic amplitude and 0.35μm torsional ultrasonic amplitude to the electrode, and reduction of electrode wear and micro-hole taper by approximately 60% and 80% respectively.

Effect of ultrasonic amplitude on interfacial characteristics and mechanical properties of Ti/Al laminated metal composites fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Effect of ultrasonic amplitude on interfacial characteristics and mechanical properties of Ti/Al laminated metal composites fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Effect of Ultrasonic Amplitude on the Yield and Properties of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Skin Collagen

Barramundi skin, a by-product of the fish processing industry, has shown potential as an alternative collagen source. However, the commonly used acid extraction method to produce collagen rendered a low yield requires a lengthy time and is not environmentally friendly. As a result, the adoption of greener technology, such as ultrasound, to improve the conventional extraction process is emerging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultrasonication amplitudes on collagen recovery from barramundi skin. The resulting collagens were evaluated for their protein, hydroxyproline and moisture content, colour, molecular weight distribution, and FTIR spectra. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed at 40 (UAE40), 60 (UAE60) and 80 (UAE80) % amplitude for 20 min. For comparison, acetic acid extraction was also carried out to produce acid-soluble collagen (ASC). UAE increased the yield (p<0.05) of collagen from barramundi skin, with UAE80 exhibiting a 7-fold increment compared to ASC. Increasing the ultrasonic amplitude increased the yield considerably but decreased the hydroxyproline content, indicating a reduction in collagen quality. Furthermore, the protein content and SDS-PAGE profile of the extracted collagens revealed that UAE promoted protein degradation. FTIR spectra indicated that despite slightly varying wavenumbers, no detrimental effect on the triple helical structure was seen following UAE with the presence of amides A, B, I, II, and III. Also, the α1, α2 and ß-chains were found in all samples, although the band intensity reduced as the amplitude increased. In conclusion, given the right conditions, UAE could improve the extraction yield without influencing the collagen structure.

Effects of ultrasound on synthesis and performance of manganese-based/ graphene oxide oxygen reduction catalysts for aluminum-air batteries

In this research, manganese (Mn) based/graphene oxide (GO) composites, which are used as cathode catalysts for aluminum(Al)-air battery are successfully prepared via ultrasound method using KMnO4–MnSO4-GO system. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude on the synthesis and performance of catalysts are both investigated. The result reveals that changing the ultrasonic amplitude (10, 15 μm and 20 μm) is able to effectively affect the composition of catalysts, and which further influence their electrocatalytic and discharging performance. The catalyst obtained under an ultrasonic amplitude of 15 μm is composed of γ-manganese oxyhydroxide (γ-MnO(OH)), α-manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) and GO, which has good electrocatalytic performance closing to a commercial 20% Platinum (Pt)/Carbon (C) catalyst. This research proposes a novel and efficient method by using ultrasound to prepare Mn based/GO catalysts with excellent electrocatalytic performance, which exhibit great potential in the field of metal-air battaries.

Ultrasonic assisted electrochemical discharge milling of complex glass microstructure with high-quality

IntroductionWith the rapid development of MEMS, the demand for non-conductive hard and brittle material microstructure is increasing. Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) is one of the most effective methods to machine non-conductive materials like glass and ceramics. However, in the milling process, the problem of discharge pits of different sizes and large thermal cracks caused by excessive discharge energy and heterogeneous energy distribution leads to low machining accuracy, poor stability and surface quality. ObjectivesIn order to solve the above dilemmas and improve the machining quality and stability, a newly developed micro Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Discharge Milling (UAECDM) method is proposed in this paper. MethodsFirstly, a mathematical model is established to reveal the material erosion mechanism in the machining process. Secondly, the influence of ultrasonic vibration on gas film formation and discharge energy is analyzed by theory and simulation. Finally, the effects of ultrasonic amplitude and machining parameters on the quality of microchannels are experimentally studied and optimized by single factor optimization. The machining technology of UAECDM is creatively proposed. ResultsThe experimental results show that adding ultrasonic assistance and using the optimized machining parameters can refine the film thickness, optimize the energy distribution and stabilize the current signal. With assistance of ultrasonic vibration and optimized parameters, a smooth micro channel with width of 118.9 μm was fabricated, and its surface roughness was 0.23 μm, which was 80.99 % declined from 1.21 μm of ECDM. The successful fabrication of microchannel array, two-dimensional and three-dimensional complex glass micro-structures with surface roughness of about 0.2 μm also proves the excellent machining ability of UAECDM. ConclusionIt is proved that UAECDM can effectively improve machining accuracy, stability and surface quality. UAECDM is a desirable method to fabricate micro-channel on glass and will have a very broad industrial application prospect in the future.

Plastic rod as a promising feed material for enhanced performance of ultrasonic plasticization microinjection molding: Plasticization rate, mechanical and thermal properties

A polymer plasticization rate measurement method is proposed for ultrasonic plasticization microinjection molding. The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the plasticization rate of polypropylene (PP) rods was comprehensively investigated, and the mechanical and thermal properties of PP rods were studied using tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results show that the plasticization rate of PP rods increased from 67.25 mg/s to 192.41 mg/s with increase of ultrasonic amplitude, an increase of 186%. The mechanical properties of the PP samples remained stable under different ultrasonic amplitudes, with tensile strength around 21 MPa and elongation at break about 21%. DSC and TGA results showed that PP samples exhibit improved thermal properties after ultrasonic plasticization compared with pure PP. The melting point of the PP sample decreased from 171.7 °C to 164.0 °C and the crystallinity increased from 26.1% to 38.7%. The temperatures corresponding to 1% and 5% weight loss of PP increased from 283.63 °C to 350.30 °C without ultrasonic amplitude to 393.70 °C and 420.13 °C, respectively. The studies have great significance to further understand the influence of ultrasonic plasticization process parameters on the plasticization rate and material properties of polymers.

An Experimental Study of the Surface Roughness of SiCp/Al with Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding

Due to the differences in mechanical properties of Al and SiC particles, the problems of SiC particle pullout and high surface roughness will occur in the processing of SiCp/Al composites. However, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding of SiCp/Al can effectively decrease the appearance of such problems. A comparative experimental study of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted and ordinary grinding of SiCp/Al is conducted. First, the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the removal form of SiC is summarized by observing the surface morphology of the sample. Then, the primary reasons for the pullout of SiC particles and high surface roughness in SiCp/Al processing are analyzed. The variation law of the surface roughness of SiCp/Al under different ultrasonic amplitudes and grinding parameters is summarized through a single-factor experiment. The results show that ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding is beneficial for reducing the surface roughness of SiCp/Al. When grinding linear speed of grinding wheel vs increases from 2.512 m/s to 7.536 m/s, surface roughness Ra decreases from 0.25 µm to 0.16 µm. when feed rate vw increases from 100 mm/min to 1700 mm/min, surface roughness Ra increases from 0.13 µm to 0.20 µm. When grinding depth ap increases from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra increases from 0.13 µm to 0.19 µm. When ultrasonic amplitude A is increased from 0 µm to 2 µm, surface roughness Ra decreases from 0.26 µm to 0.15 µm. When ultrasonic amplitude A is increased from 2 µm to 4.4 µm, surface roughness Ra increases from 0.15 µm to 0.18 µm.

Experimental Study on the Influence of Micro-Abrasive and Micro-Jet Impact on the Natural Frequency of Materials under Ultrasonic Cavitation

The higher the natural frequency of the material is, the more resistant it is to deformation under impulse loading. To explore the influence of micro-abrasive and micro-jet impact on the natural frequency and resonance amplitude value of the material under ultrasonic cavitation, 18 sets of single-factor controlled variable ultrasonic cavitation experiments were carried out on a polished specimen of 6061 aluminum alloy (30 mm × 30 mm × 10 mm). With the increase of the abrasive content in the suspension, the natural frequency of the workpiece first increased, then decreased and remained stable. With the increase of the ultrasonic amplitude, the resonance amplitude value of the material increased, reaching the maximum at 0.1789 m·s−2 and then decreased. The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the natural frequency of the material was greater than that of the abrasive content, and the effect of the abrasive content on the common amplitude value was greater than that of the ultrasonic amplitude. This research provides a certain reference significance for exploring the influence of power ultrasonic micro-cutting on material properties and avoiding the occurrence of resonance phenomenon of the workpiece under different working conditions.

The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the performance of ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM micro-hole machining

A study on ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrical discharge machining (UVEDM) micro-hole, which mainly includes three key designs, was conducted to improve the machining performance of the electric discharge machining (EDM) micro-holes on TC4 titanium alloy. First, a mathematical model for the velocity of the flow field in the interelectrode gap was established. Consequently, the effect of the presence or absence of ultrasonic vibration on the flow velocity was analyzed. Furthermore, based on COMSOL Multiphysics, the two distributions of the flow field and the debris in the interelectrode gap were simulated, and the influence of ultrasonic amplitude on them was analyzed. Finally, the study of UVEDM micro-hole machining with different ultrasonic amplitudes was conducted. The machining performance of the UVEDM micro-hole was found to increase with the increment of the ultrasonic amplitude and the optimal value of 5.22 μm, while the performance decreases when the ultrasonic amplitude goes beyond the optimal value. Compared with EDM micro-hole, the MMR is increased by 2.4 times, and the electrode loss and hole taper are reduced by 56% and 24%, respectively.

Numerical and experimental study on the amplitude effect of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling of 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composite

The anisotropy, heterogeneity, and high hardness of Cf/SiC composite bring great difficulties to its efficient and high-quality processing. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling (UVAM) has been shown to positively affect the machining quality of Cf/SiC. This work focuses on the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites machining under different fiber cutting angles, and few related studies have been reported. By analyzing the simplified cutting model for both forward and reverse cutting, the influence of ultrasonic amplitude on tool-fiber contact characteristics was investigated. Under fiber cutting angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, finite element simulations based on the orthogonal cutting model and UVAM experiments with different amplitudes were performed. The results showed that the alternating friction force caused by the harmonic vibration promoted the damaging effect of the tool on the fiber and SiC matrix. At 0° and 135°, localized fiber failure occurred early. And at 45° and 90°, the shear failure of the fiber was strengthened, which alleviated the damage to the low-strength matrix and the interface layer. Compared with conventional milling, the resultant force showed a downward trend, and typical defects such as pits, fiber pullout, matrix voids, and interface debonding on the machined surface were suppressed in UVAM. As the amplitude increased, the machined surface became smoother, and the surface roughness Sa at all angles decreased by more than 30%. According to the response surface method, the influence order of machining parameters on Sa was obtained: feed rate > amplitude > cutting speed. Sa predictive regression model with only a 5% deviation from the experimental value has good accuracy and reliability. This work shows that reasonable control of ultrasonic parameters and fiber cutting angle in UVAM significantly affects the machining quality improvement of 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC components.

Sonochemical synthesis of protein microcapsules loaded with traditional Chinese herb extracts

Abstract Traditional Chinese herbs have attracted extensive attention due to their good efficacy, low toxicity, and minor side effects. However, some active ingredient extracts are relatively sensitive to external influence and liable to lose their effectiveness. Different from the traditional and complex encapsulation methods, one can easily prepare drug-loaded microcapsules to improve their bioavailability using the new encapsulation technology. In this work, we used the sonochemical method to prepare bovine serum albumin (BSA)/astragalus membranaceus oil (AM) microcapsules. The technology was simpler, greener, and more efficient. Thereinto, BSA and AM oil were used as the shell material and the core material, respectively. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, ultrasonic mode, and ultrasonic time on synthetic reactions were studied. The morphology and size of the BSA/AM microcapsules were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The loading efficiency and drug release behavior were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, respectively. The best ultrasonic synthesis conditions were obtained by the above analysis, with an ultrasound amplitude of 30%, ultrasound mode of the pulse mode of 2 s, ultrasound time of 4 min. The DLS results show that the microcapsule size is 484.4 nm and the polydispersity index is small. The TGA results show that the drug loading efficiency is about 77%, and the hemolysis tests show that the BSA/AM microcapsules have no cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (lower than 50 μg·mL−1).

Experimental study of machined surface quality in ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning of 5A06 Al-Mg alloy

The 5A06 Al-Mg alloy is a soft material, and the phenomenon of knife sticking is extremely serious during cutting, likewise, it is easy to generate build-up edges. Therefore, it is difficult to acquire good surface quality in turning. For this purpose, the ultrasonic theory and cutting theory are fully combined in this study, and the machining mechanism of conventional turning (CT) is changed by applying ultrasonic vibration (UV) to the cutting tool, so as to build up the machining results. The turning experiments of 5A06 Al-Mg alloy with or without UV are carried out under different process parameters, and through which the effects of ultrasonic amplitude (UA), feed rate (FR), cutting depth (CD) and cutting speed (CS) on the surface roughness of machined workpiece are investigated and analyzed. The consequences show that the process parameters have a different degree of effect on surface roughness. And there are special process parameters suitable for UV assisted turning (UAT), under which the processing results of UAT is obviously better than that of CT. In addition, it is found that by contrast experiment of surface topography under ideal process parameters built-up edges, surface scratches and other phenomena are not easy to arise in UAT to obtain the better surface topography than CT.

Enhancement of machinability and surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V by longitudinal ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling under dry conditions

Longitudinal ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling (LUVAM) was performed to improve the machinability and surface quality of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V under dry conditions. Effects of ultrasonic amplitude on the three-component cutting forces, cutting temperature, surface topography and 3D surface roughness (Sa and Sq) were investigated. The results show that, the cutting forces in both longitudinal and feed directions decrease with the increasing amplitude from 0 to 6 µm, as well as the average and maximum cutting temperature. Accordingly, the surface topography of Ti-6Al-4V becomes more uniform when ultrasonic amplitude reaches to 6 µm. Sa and Sq decrease by 35.1% and 34.0%, respectively, when the ultrasonic amplitude increases from 0 to 6 µm. The machinability and surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V are improved via this dry LUVAM, duo to the thermal-mechanical coupling resulted from large-amplitude ultrasonic vibration. The established approaches have potential applications in dry or near dry cutting of difficult-to-machine alloys with LUVAM.

Ultrasonic Cavitation Behavior and its Degradation Mechanism of Epoxy Coatings in 3.5 % NaCl at 15 ℃

Pipes operating in the seawater environment faces cavitation degradation and corrosion of the metallic component, as well as a negative synergistic effect. Cavitation degradation shows the mechanism by which materials deteriorate by causing rapid change of pressure or high-frequency vibration in the solution, and introducing the formation and explosion of bubbles. In order to rate the cavitation resistance of materials, constant conditions have been used. However, while a dynamic cavitation condition can be generated in a real system, there has been little reported on the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the cavitation resistance and mechanism of composites. In this work, 3 kinds of epoxy coatings were used, and the cavitation resistance of the epoxy coatings was evaluated in 3.5% NaCl at 15 oC using an indirect ultrasonic cavitation method. Eleven kinds of mechanical properties were obtained, namely compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus, tensile strength and elongation, Shore D hardness, water absorptivity, impact test, wear test for coating only and pull-off strength for epoxy coating/carbon steel or epoxy coating/rubber/carbon steel. The cavitation erosion mechanism of epoxy coatings was discussed on the basis of the mechanical properties and the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the degradation of coatings.

Surface strengthening and grain refinement of AZ31B magnesium alloy by ultrasonic cavitation modification

Ultrasonic cavitation modification (UCM) employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties. To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM, the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene, respectively. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, distance from the sample, and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied. The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to 1.5–3 times after UCM in water, which was 23.77–48.19% higher than that in kerosene. The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31B were refined after UCM. The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 μm after UCM in water, and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, while the former was more than 40 μm and the latter were concentrated between 2 μm and 10 μm in kerosene. This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene. Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.

An experimental study on surface roughness and frictional property of ultrasonic-vibration-assisted milled surface

Ultrasonic-vibration-assisted milling is a variant of conventional milling process. In this study, experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the average surface roughness of machined surface (of Al6063 alloy). The results were evaluated to understand the effect of process parameters and are explained using the physics of the process. The effect of ultrasonic amplitude on frictional and wettability property of machined bottom surface was also evaluated. With the increase in power of ultrasonic vibration, the surface roughness increased; however, the friction of lubricated machined surface decreased while sliding on a mild steel surface. With the increase in ultrasonic power, the wettability of the surface increased resulting in a better lubrication and consequent reduction of friction.