Effect Of Traction Research Articles

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Aid in the Management of Apical Root Resorption of Impacted Maxillary Canines and Physiologically Erupted Maxillary Canines after Orthodontic Treatment

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of orthodontic traction, by means of light and controlled forces, on root length in impacted maxillary canines and physiologically erupted maxillary canines. Disinclusion of impacted maxillary canines is a frequent procedure in orthodontics due to their higher incidence of impaction. The effects of orthodontic traction, by means of light and controlled forces, can lead to a resorption of the root length in impacted and physiologically erupted teeth. Therefore, apical root resorption is a common phenomenon that must be taken into consideration. Apical root resorption measurements were taken using pre-treatment CBCTs and pre-treatment and post-treatment digital panoramic radiographs of 52 patients who underwent fixed-appliance treatment by using light and controlled orthodontic forces. The experimental group consisted of 26 patients with one impacted maxillary canine. The control group consisted of 26 patients without any impaction. Apical root resorption was calculated from root lengths before and after orthodontic treatment. In the experimental group, impacted canines with incomplete apical formation underwent root elongation, while impacted canines with completed root formation went through apical root resorption. The latter showed a slightly greater apical root resorption (0.2 mm) compared to the control group (95% confidence interval; p = 0.04). The extent of root resorption of impacted canines was significantly higher than that of physiologically erupted ones. However, this differential resorption did not compromise the structural and functional integrity of the involved teeth. The orthodontic treatment performed with light and controlled forces is, therefore, a procedure to be considered acceptable and safe.

The application of active filters supported by Pulse Width Modulated Inverters in the harmonic simulation of the high power electric traction

The paper shows the present results of a long term research work. The authors are working on the modelling of active filtering of harmonics caused by the railways. To simulate the harmonic penetration and filtering effects of the power electric traction the combination of frequency and time dependent model should be used. This novel method, called double domain simulation is improving the accuracy of the frequency domain simulation. To calculate the sophisticated model of the electric locomotive and active harmonic filter as a non-linear load a time dependent model must be used. The traction supply system together with the equivalent supply network impedance could be calculated in frequency domain. An iteration algorithm is developed converting the variables in every iteration step between the time and frequency domain.

Short time (10 min) Catheter Traction Following TURP: IS it helpful with less morbidity?

Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) is the most common treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Blood loss during and after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a potential cause of morbidity and clot retention. Usual practise is to apply traction in every case of TURP to reduce early postoperative hematuria and clot retention. There are very few studies in the literature and they have mainly concentrated on the effect of traction on reducing blood loss but there is scanty data regarding the morbidity associated with the use of traction. Various authors have described their method of traction application. So, in this study, we will compare the result of short term (10 min) traction with standard (4-6 h) traction. It is a prospective comparative study with 50 participants, conducted at the department of Urology of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India after taking ethical clearance and consent from the patient. The patients attending urology O.P.D. with LUTS and diagnosed as BPH and planned for elective TURP and who had prolonged traction after TURP were excluded. Study period was one and the half year. Post operatively 25 patients were managed with catheter traction while 25 patients were managed with short term traction of 10 min. Pain which is assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) at 2 and 4 h post operatively is statistically significant with p value of <0.05 and cut off of 65 g prostate volume is drawn below which the successful outcome of short term traction is feasible without any complications. If hemostatsis is done properly then short term traction is preferable, safe and had fewer complications for prostate volume <65 g in comparison to standard traction TURP comparing the overall factors. Although, VAS score at 2 and 4 h post operatively shows patient experienced less pain even in prostate volume >65 g.

Effects of device-performed and manual hip traction and vibration therapy in older adults with symptomatic hip osteoarthritis: A randomized single-blind controlled trial.

Traction-and-vibration-therapy (TVT) relieves pain in participants with hip osteoarthritis. Hip TVT is usually performed manually by the physiotherapist. A medical device was developed to perform hip-TVT in order to investigate effects on hip disability, pain intensity, recovery of balance and functional mobility in older adults with hip osteoarthritis and also to reduce physiotherapists' workload and help standardize treatment of hip TVT. In a block-randomized 3-month controlled trial involving 28 older adult participants with symptomatic primary hip osteoarthritis (SPHOA), one group (n= 10) received device-performed TVT, one (n= 10) manual TVT, and one (n= 8) sham/placebo therapy. Hip disability (Harris Hip Score), pain intensity (visual-analog-scale), recovery of balance and gait (Functional Gait Assessment) and functional mobility (Timed-Up-and-Go-test) were assessed at baseline, after 3 weeks without intervention, and after 3-month intervention. The Device TVT and Manual TVT groups exhibited superior outcomes compared to the Placebo group in terms of hip disability (p= 0.005 and p< 0.001, respectively), pain intensity (p= 0.002 and p< 0.001, respectively), and functional mobility (TUG) (p= 0.012 and p= 0.011, respectively). Furthermore, the recovery of balance and gait (FGA) showed a significant improvement in the Device TVT group when compared to the Placebo group (p= 0.043). The effect sizes ranged from 0.17 to 0.51, indicating moderate to large effects. Device-performed-TVT is comparable to manual hip-TVT for reducing pain and improving mobility in older adults with SPHOA, and may be beneficial in terms of reducing physiotherapists' workload and better therapy standardization.

Assessment of Spine MED® Traction Effect on Cervical Disc Herniation: Correlation Between MRI and ODI/VAS Score: A Randomized Study

Assessment of Spine MED® Traction Effect on Cervical Disc Herniation: Correlation Between MRI and ODI/VAS Score: A Randomized Study

Assessment of the effect of train traction by locomotives of different types on the quality indicators of the train schedule

The precinct and technical speed of freight trains is one of the main parameters of railway transport characterizing qualitative indicators. The higher the local and technical speed, the better the quality indicators of railway transport, the higher the speed of cargo delivery to the addresses. These speeds directly depend on the distance between stations and the time of their passage. The types of electric locomotives are one of the main factors determining the travel time and energy consumption of trains moving along the site. The differentiated accounting of inter-station runs in the train schedule is based on traction calculations. This article analyzes the regulatory timetable of the trains of the “Tukimachi – Akhangaran” section of Uzbekistan Railways JSC and develops a methodology for determining the travel time of trains moving on the section for the 3VL80r electric locomotive based on traction calculations. Based on the developed methodology, the influence of the time of inter-station runs under traction conditions by locomotives of various brands on the site and technical speed of trains on the railway section was estimated.

Effectiveness of spinal traction in degenerative spine diseases. (A literature review)

To analyze sources of scientific and technical literature and study materials of meta-analyses, systematic reviews on the issues of evaluation of the spinal traction effectiveness (dry and underwater, horizontal and vertical) in the treatment of patients with degenerative spine diseases. An analysis of 67 sources, including 54 periodical articles, 5 meta-analyses and 8 systematic reviews was conducted. The search depth was 20 years. The ability of the spinal traction method to influence on the pain intensity, functional state, general improvement or return to work in patients with degenerative spine diseases has been identified. There has been a statistically significant regression of lumbar and radicular pain under the influence of «dry» horizontal tractions of the spine (13389 patients with degenerative spine diseases received them), including in combination with physiotherapy (vibration, impulse currents, laser therapy), and there has been an improvement in the motor function of the spine, a decrease in the disability rate in patients with herniated disks. These results were also obvious in short-term observation (up to 3 months after intervention). Underwater traction (5533 patients received it) had a positive impact on pain syndrome at rest and during activity, increased the activity of patients. All registered effects were related to short-term effect for up to 3 months after the intervention. The evidence, based on the materials of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of medium and low quality, that «dry» and underwater spinal traction can be considered as a therapeutic tool for short-term (within 3 months) reducing pain and disability in patients with lumbar pain and lumbar radiculopathy, is presented.

Stretch of the papillary insertion triggers reentrant arrhythmia: an in silico patient study.

The electrophysiological mechanism connecting mitral valve prolapse (MVP), premature ventricular complexes and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia is unknown. A common hypothesis is that stretch activated channels (SACs) play a significant role. SACs can trigger depolarizations or shorten repolarization times in response to myocardial stretch. Through these mechanisms, pathological traction of the papillary muscle (PM), as has been observed in patients with MVP, may induce irregular electrical activity and result in reentrant arrhythmia. Based on a patient with MVP and mitral annulus disjunction, we modeled the effect of excessive PM traction in a detailed medical image-derived ventricular model by activating SACs in the PM insertion region. By systematically varying the onset of SAC activation following sinus pacing, we identified vulnerability windows for reentry with 1 ms resolution. We explored how reentry was affected by the SAC reversal potential and the size of the region with simulated stretch (SAC region). Finally, the effect of global or focal fibrosis, modeled as reduction in tissue conductivity or mesh splitting (fibrotic microstructure), was investigated. In models with healthy tissue or fibrosis modeled solely as CV slowing, we observed two vulnerable periods of reentry: For of -10 and -30 mV, SAC activated during the T-wave could cause depolarization of the SAC region which lead to reentry. For of -40 and -70 mV, SAC activated during the QRS complex could result in early repolarization of the SAC region and subsequent reentry. In models with fibrotic microstructure in the SAC region, we observed micro-reentries and a larger variability in which times of SAC activation triggered reentry. In these models, 86% of reentries were triggered during the QRS complex or T-wave. We only observed reentry for sufficiently large SAC regions ( 8 mm radius in models with healthy tissue). Stretch of the PM insertion region following sinus activation may initiate ventricular reentry in patients with MVP, with or without fibrosis. Depending on the SAC reversal potential and timing of stretch, reentry may be triggered by ectopy due to SAC-induced depolarizations or by early repolarization within the SAC region.

Spatial distribution characteristics and influence factor analysis of landslides —case study of the Hanwang area in Qinba Mountains

The geological hazards of landslides in Hanwang Town, Ziyang County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, have emerged. Yet, the current understanding of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of landslides in this area remains unclear. Combining the results of remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, seven influencing factors, namely, elevation, slope direction, slope gradient, distance from rivers, distance from faults, engineering geologic lithology, and distance from roads, are selected for the study. The distribution characteristics of landslides in each influencing factor and the influence of the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) on the results are statistically and analytically analyzed. Furthermore, two high-risk landslides within the study area were subjected to comprehensive analysis, integrating the findings from drilling and other field investigations in order to examine their deformation mechanisms. Based on this analysis, the following conclusions were derived: (1) 34 landslides in the study area, mainly small earth landslides, with a distribution density of 0.42/km2, threatening 414 people and property of about 55.87 million Yuan. (2)The landslides in the study area easily occur in the <400 ​m elevation range; the landslides are developed in all slope directions, the gradient is mainly concentrated in the range of 10°–40°, the distribution density of the landslides is higher in the closer distance from the river and the faults (0–200 ​m), the landslide-prone strata are mainly the softer and weaker metamorphic rocks, and the landslides are mainly around roads. (3) The resolution of the DEM should be selected based on the specific conditions of the study area, the requirements of the investigation, and the scale of the landslide. Opting for an appropriate DEM resolution is advantageous for understanding the patterns of landslides and conducting risk assessments in the region. (4) The Zhengjiabian landslide is a traction Landslide. The landslide body is a binary structure of gravel soil and slate weathering layer, and the damage process can be divided into three stages:①damage to the leading edge and stress release, ②continuous creep and cracking, ③rainfall infiltration and damage. The predominant slope material in the Brickyard landslide comprises clay, and the landslide is triggered by a combination of the traction effect resulting from the excavation at the slope's base and the nudging effect caused by the stacking load of the brick factory. Additionally, the Brickyard landslide exhibits persistent creep deformation. The study results provide a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the Hanwang Township area.

Effects of Multi-modal Therapeutic Approach in Cervical Radiculopathy

Objective: To determine the effect of Mechanical cervical traction and Laser therapy along with isometric neck exercises in cervical radiculopathy patients. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Kannan Physiotherapy and Spine Clinic, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020. Methodology: The study included cervical radiculopathy patients with symptoms for over two weeks. The diagnosis was confirmed by the orthopaedic department. The subjects were allocated to two equal groups by lottery method. Group-A Received Laser therapy with isometric neck exercises, and Group-B received mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises. The neck disability index, numeric pain rating scale and patient-specific function scale were used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: Out of the 128 patients, 64(50%) were in each of the two groups. The overall mean age was 41.95±36.50years, and 76(59.4%) participants were male. After three weeks of treatment sessions, statistically significant improvement was found in decreasing pain within group B having mechanical traction along isometric neck exercises (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that both treatment techniques, Laser therapy with isometric neck exercises and mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises, effectively decreased pain; however, mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises was superior.

Pathogenetic Aspects of the Development and Course of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment against the Background of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Literature Review

Retinal detachment (RD) is the most serious problem of modern ophthalmology, often leading to a decrease or irreversible loss of visual functions. The literature review is devoted to the latest trends in the study of the mechanisms of development and course of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) against the background of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the pathogenesis of RD, there are five theories, as well as nine main risk factors for development. It is known that the contact between the retinal neuroepithelium and the retinal pigment epithelium is maintained by physical and metabolic forces, as well as by the friction force of the outer segments of photoreceptors and RPE cells. With synchisis and simultaneous syneresis, vitreous detachment develops, with increased traction forces and the possible development of RRD. Retinal detachment is the most serious problem of modern ophthalmology, often leading to a decrease or irreversible loss of visual functions. The review of the literature is devoted to the latest trends in the study of the mechanisms of development and course of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment against the background of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the pathogenesis of RD, there are five theories, as well as nine main risk factors for development. It is known that the contact between the retinal neuroepithelium and the retinal pigment epithelium is maintained by physical and metabolic forces, as well as by the friction force of the outer segments of photoreceptors and RPE cells. With synchisis and simultaneous syneresis, vitreous detachment develops, with an increase in traction forces and the possible development of RRD. The presence of a retinal tear rarely leads to RRD. It has been established that a pronounced traction effect, rather than a through rupture of the retina, is a key factor in the development and progression of RRD. Traction occurs in the course of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and the epiretinal layer of the vitreum remaining in the posterior vitreous detachment. With the development of detachment, damage to the hematoophthalmic barrier occurs, leading to the release of cells into the vitreous cavity that affect the development of PVR (epi-, sub- and intraretinally) with the formation of an epiretinal membrane. At the same time, communication with the choroid is lost, hypoxia and acidosis develop. ERMs formed during retinal detachment include glial cells and their subtypes — fibrous astrocytes, Muller cells, microglia, hyalocytes, RPE cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. However, the leading role in the formation and development of ERM belongs to Muller cells and astrocytes. Also involved in the pathological process of ERM formation are: transforming growth factor β2, fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet growth factor, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin-1, osteonectin, transcription factor. Against the background of ROS, one should not forget about the change in the chemical composition of the vitreous body (increased content): serum albumin, transferrin, antithrombin III, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, hemopexin, transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and fibrinogen

An exploration of improving the stability of mining roadways constructed in soft rock by roof cutting and stress transfer: A case study

In the confinement of traditional supports, reinforced supports are often used to control the deformation of roadways constructed in soft rock. Due to the failure to weaken the factors that induce deformation at the source, the roadway remains damaged after the restoration period. To this end, taking inspiration from roof cutting and pressure relief concepts, the protection mechanism of stress transfer in mining roadways constructed in soft rock of longwall remaining coal pillars was studied in the context of a typical coal mine. Unlike the technical scheme of gob-side entry retaining, no components are added in this study. The roof cutting and coal mining progress are consistent to ensure the integrity of the roadway in front of the longwall coal mining face (LCMF). The effect of the roof-cutting parameter on the roadway is studied via numerical simulations, and the optimal parameters are subsequently applied to similar material simulation experiments. It was found that roof cutting relieved the mechanical connection between the gob roof and the roadway roof, and the high-stress area was transferred from the roadway roof to the front of the LCMF. Roof cutting diminished the abutment stress in the surrounding rock in the area of intense dynamic pressure in front of the LCMF (average reduction of 12.57 %), which effectively improved the stability of the roadway. The roof cutting impaired the traction effect of the roadway roof deformation behind the LCMF on the strata ahead and effectively reduced the roadway deformation (27.3 % reduction) and coal pillar deformation (15.7 % reduction). On-site practice has demonstrated the effectiveness of this research, and the results of this research provide a new idea for preventing the destruction of roadways constructed in soft rock.

Halogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions: A new strategy for synergistically enhancing ReO4−/99TcO4− binding

Efficient removal of 99TcO4− from strongly acidic and alkaline nuclear wastewater is essential due to environmental protection and nuclear fuel cycle issues associated with the nuclear industry. However, the combined features of anion exchange materials with decent acid/base stability, high capacity, and high selectivity toward ReO4−/99TcO4− have not yet been achieved. Here, we explore a new strategy to overcome the aforementioned challenges by pre-organizing pyridinium-based cationic polymer network (TFTA-BPD) with sigma-holes and strongly hydrophobic fluorine atoms, which can effectively form strong halogen bonding and enhance hydrophobic interactions for selective ReO4−/99TcO4− binding. This emerging strategy not only significantly enhances the stability of the adsorbent, but also remarkably strengthens the specific affinity toward ReO4−/99TcO4− due to the synergistic effect of halogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, compared to reported cationic polymer networks. More importantly, our TFTA-BPD exhibit fast removal kinetics, high capacity, excellent removal selectivity, and encouraging reusability, enabling efficient removal of ReO4− from simulated low activity waste (LAW) at Hanford and high-level waste (HLW) at the Savannah River Site in both dynamic column separation and batch experiments. Experimental and computational results indicate that the halogen-functionalized TFTA-BPD can regulate the electron distribution of adjacent N atoms and enhance charge separation through the halogen electron traction effect. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of halogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions in synergistically enhancing ReO4−/99TcO4− binding and paves the way for constructing high-performance adsorbents for HLW and LAW treatment.

Conservative management of a 3 months long standing bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation: A case report

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is a type of condition where the condyle is anteriorly displaced beyond the articular eminence. Long standing cases with TMJ dislocation condition persisting for more than a month becomes challenging to treat. Its management includes closed reduction to complicated surgical procedures so as to reduce the dislocated condyles. Mandibular dislocation cases present with its own distinctive features. The aim of the report is to reduce the dislocated condyles through conservative management.This paper presents with non-invasive and conservative method for management of a long standing case (three months old) of TMJ dislocation in patient with acute renal failure and uncontrolled diabetes giving excellent outcome using elastic traction. Elastic traction with fulcrum on molars for reduction and inter-maxillary fixation was done in order to stabilize the mandibular condyles into the glenoid fossa. Here we stressed on the effectiveness of continuous traction using elastics and Inter-maxillary fixation (IMF) in achieving a complete repositioning of the mandibular condyles back into the fossaCondyles were reduced back in glenoid fossa with excellent outcome.Where manual reduction is not possible, elastic traction and IMF is the only method to reduce condyles. In long standing chronic TMJ dislocation case, only manual reduction was not sufficient. Since no standard rules for the ideal strategy are available till date, initial approach must be conservative so to preserve surgical treatment for later if needed.

Comparative effects of patient-specific 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional lumbar traction on pain and functional disability in patients with lumbar radiculopathy

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) resides as a most common type of symptom pointing towards lumber radiculopathy. It is defined as burning sharp leg pain that originates from the back and goes all the way down your legs and extends into the toes and foot. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is caused by pathology of the intervertebral disk or associated structures. Different dimensional traction has been used to treat lumbar radiculopathy. This study aimed to compare the effects of 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional lumbar traction on pain and functional disability in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. The randomized clinical trial study of 4 weeks was carried out at the Lifeline Health Care Imaging and Pain Center and the Hamza Hospital Lahore. Twenty-six subjects were included in the clinical trial and divided into two groups after randomization. Group A received three-dimensional lumbar traction with traction force 50% of total body weight on Spine MT 3D traction machine, and group B received two-dimensional lumbar traction with traction force 50% of total body weight. Pre- and post-values of NPRS and ODI were noted.ResultsParametric tests were used during statistical analysis because data was normally distributed. NPRS pre- and posttreatment values showed significant results with p-value < 0.05. ODI pre- and post-values were also obvious with p-value < 0.05. Independent sample T-test was used to assess across the group comparison, suggesting that both groups showed significant improvements of NPRS and ODI post-treatment with p-value (< 0.001).ConclusionThe study concluded that 3D traction significantly reduced pain levels and improved functional impairment more effectively than 2D traction in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.Trial registrationTrial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05356689.

Examination of the traction effect in an artificial muscle-type dynamic traction orthosis using computed tomography.

Dart-throwing motion from radial dorsiflexion to palmar flexion has recently attracted attention as a functional movement direction of the wrist joint. We developed a novel artificial muscle-type dynamic traction orthosis (DTSaM) that includes these movements. This prospective crossover controlled study aimed to compare the traction effects in the presence and absence of DTSaM using computed tomography. Healthy participants with no history of finger disease (6 men: 6 fingers, 4 women: 4 fingers; average age [range]: 29.4 [34-24] years) were examined. The distance and area of the joint space between the radiolunate (RL) and capitolunate (CL) joints were evaluated using 2 types of computed tomography: automatic movement and DTSaM. Participants with DTSaM showed more dilated joint space distance on the dorsal and central sides (p < 0.05) and larger joint space areas on the dorsal side (p < 0.05) of the RL and CL joints than those without orthosis. Significant differences in the magnitude of change in each joint were observed between the RL and CL joints regarding the joint space distance on the dorsal (p = 0.021) and central (p = 0.038) sides and the joint space area on the dorsal side (p = 0.044). The movement of the CL joint is important in the dorsiflexion direction. Our results suggest that the dilated CL joint allows dorsiflexion and that combined traction and dart-throwing motion exercises may be possible for wrist joint contracture.

An extended M-K model under surface traction with adjustable gradient distribution

The forming limit of sheets usually corresponds to the strain accumulation before localized necking and is closely related to the loading state. In the viscous pressure forming (VPF) method, the surface traction generated by the force-transmitting medium with high-viscosity fluid-flow characteristics on the sheet exhibits the obvious gradient distribution near the necking region. However, existing necking instability theories have not factored in the surface traction gradient distribution (STGD) and can't accurately explain the inherent mechanism of the VPF method with this loading state to improve the forming limit. To deal with the issue, STGD-related ‘stress balance’ equations are established and an extended M-K model with STGD response under 3D stress state (STGD-3D-MK model) is proposed, based on the analysis of the adjustable STGD generated in the VPF method during the necking development. The proposed model is used to explore the influence and mechanism of the STGD on the forming limit, as well as to provide suggestions on how to achieve the full positive effect of tangential surface traction. This research demonstrates that the forming limit is sensitive to the STGD, which affects the ability of surface traction to improve the forming limit. The STGD changes the stress path of the groove, affecting the development of necking. In addition, the critical STGD that can increase the limit strain is also provided and its magnitude is related to the strain path. Finally, the VPF-based experimental results are provided to support the effectiveness of the analysis of the STGD-3D-MK model. This work provides a new perspective on the loading method to improve the forming limit.

Effect of Kinesio taping versus mechanical cervical traction combined with physiotherapy program on chronic neck pain in young female university students.

Mechanical neck pain is common among young female university students and can lead to disability and reduced physical activity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Kinesio taping (KT) to mechanical cervical traction (MCT) on young female university students with chronic neck pain. Sixty young female university students with mechanical neck pain participated in this study; their ages ranged from 19 years to 23 years. They were assigned to three equal groups: the control group (A) received infrared, massage, stretching, and strengthening exercises three days per week for 6 weeks. Experimental group B received cervical traction in addition to the same program as the control, and experimental group C received KT in addition to the same program as the control group. Absolute pain intensity by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were measured pre-and post-treatment intervention. Data were gathered at baseline, and after 6 weeks of intervention for three groups. The MANOVA test showed a significant reduction in NDI and pain level after 6 weeks between pre-and post-treatment intervention in group B ( and , respectively). There was a significant reduction in pain after 6 weeks in group C. There was also a significant reduction in NDI and pain level after 6 weeks in group B versus control group ( and , respectively). In addition, a significant reduction in pain level and NDI after 6 weeks was detected in group B compared to group C (, , respectively) while a significant reduction in pain level only between the control group (A) and group C was detected (). In young female university students with mechanical neck pain, cervical traction combined with physiotherapy program was found to be more effective than KT with physiotherapy program or physiotherapy program alone in reducing pain and enhancing functional abilities after 6 weeks. This will help physiotherapists make more informed decisions concerning the clinical effects of MCT.

Классификации периферических дистрофий сетчатки

Purpose. To analyze the existing classifications of peripheral retinal dystrophies. Material and methods. While writing a literature review, a search was made for data from domestic and foreign literature, mostly in the last 20 years. The search was carried out using the following keywords: «peripheral retinal dystrophies», «retinal detachment», «laser coagulation», «lattice degeneration». In total, 20 articles were selected that relate to the topic of this literature review. Results. Retinal detachment is a severe pathology leading to a significant reduction or loss of vision. Peripheral retinal dystrophies play a leading role in the development of retinal detachment. The leading role in the development of rhegmatogenous forms of peripheral degenerations is assigned to changes in the vitreous body with a traction effect on the retina. The question of the incidence of retinal detachment in its dystrophies remains debatable. In publications, we came across a large number of classifications of peripheral retinal dystrophies, covering from 8 to 20 different clinical forms. The question of which retinal dystrophies are predisposing or not predisposing to retinal detachment remains open. Visualization of the vitreoretinal interface in peripheral degenerations is relevant for determining treatment tactics. Optical coherence tomography is highly informative in the early diagnosis of the traction component, visualization of retinal tears and detachment, and determination of indications for laser coagulation of the retina. Conclusion. Retinal detachment is a severe pathology leading to a significant reduction or loss of vision. Peripheral retinal dystrophies play a leading role in the development of retinal detachment. The question of the incidence of retinal detachment in its dystrophies remains debatable. The issue of creating a working classification that reflects the morphology of the degenerative process and indications for laser treatment remains relevant. Key words: peripheral retinal dystrophy, retinal detachment, retinal laser treatment, lattice degeneration

Study on Nonlinear Vibration of Vertical Lifting Section of Bulk Grain Entrainment Ship Unloader

In view of the prominent problem that nonlinear vibration of a belt conveyor can easily occur during the vertical grain-conveyance process due to the coupling effect of airflow clamping and traction of the conveyor belt, which seriously affects the efficiency and stability of conveying materials by the belt conveyor, a method of solving the vibration analysis of the vertical lifting section of the bulk grain belt unloader by using nonlinear vibration is proposed. Firstly, based on the laminated plate theory, the vertical lifting belt and the grain material clamped by the belt are laminated. The nonlinear vibration differential equation of the vertical lifting section of the bulk grain-carrying ship unloader is established by elastic–plastic mechanics, and solved by perturbation theory and Galerkin discrete analysis. The vibration response curve and structural natural frequency of the vertical lifting section of the bulk grain-carrying machine are obtained by numerical solution, and the influence of the volume content of the clamped material on the vibration response and structural natural frequency of the lifting section is analyzed. This study provides theoretical support for the design of pressure-supply parameters, overall structure and operation parameters of the subsequent entrainment ship unloader, promotes the rapid development of the entrainment ship unloader, provides theoretical support for the design, manufacture, later operation, and maintenance of the entrainment ship unloader, and thus provides equipment and technical support for building an efficient and intelligent port.