Effects Of Trace Element Supplementation Research Articles

Enhancing anaerobic digestion of chicken manure leachate: Effects of trace elements supplementation on methane production

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of Chicken manure (CM) often faces several obstacles such as high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration, inclusion of many hard-to-decompose litters as wood chips, and presence of inorganic soil particles. To address these obstacles, degradable fractions of CM were extracted by leaching and the chicken manure leachate (CML) obtained was used for AD. The effects of trace element (TE) supplementation in stimulating microbial activity and enhancing the AD process, under increasing organic loading rate (OLR) and TAN concentration, were investigated. The results showed that CML was successfully converted, reaching a stable methane yield of 288 mL g−1 VS when TAN was lower than 1.5 g L−1. Under higher OLR (0.85 gVS L−1 d−1) and TAN (2.64 g L−1), TEs supplementation gave 36.5% higher methane yield (p < 0.05). Overall, extracting leachate from CM in combination with TE supplementation was shown to be a promising strategy for CM treatment.

Effects of trace element supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility and utilisation in grass-fed zebu (Bos indicus) cattle

Trace element deficiencies in cattle are omnipresent, both in developing and industrialised regions. Little information is available on the effect of dietary trace elements on nutrient digestibility and utilisation, in spite of many deficiency-related symptoms suggesting a relevant role, such as loss of appetite in Zn deficiency and severe diarrhoea in Cu deficiency. The present study aimed to identify the early effects of dietary trace elements on nutrient utilisation in grass-fed zebu (Bos indicus) cattle. Adult bulls (n=8) were randomly assigned to a treatment: control or trace element supplementation (Zn, Mn, Cu, Se, I and Co) during 28 days. Grass mineral analysis suggested deficient Cu (5.53–9.60mg/kg) and Se (0.02–0.09mg/kg) concentrations in combination with high S (2577–3855mg/kg) and Mo (1.52–3.12mg/kg) and very high Fe (619–1214mg/kg) concentrations. Supplementation increased plasma Cu (0.82 vs. 0.61mg/l), Zn (1.40 vs. 0.89mg/l), Mn (0.30 vs. 0.05mg/l) and Se (0.07 vs. 0.06mg/l) concentrations (all P<0.05). Faecal Cu, Zn, Mn and Se were also increased (P<0.05), as was faecal Co (P=0.05) concentration in supplemented bulls. On the contrary, trace element supplementation did not affect plasma ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase activities (P>0.05). Also, no effects on apparent nutrient (dry matter, ash, protein, fat, and fibre) digestibility, apparent trace element absorption (except for Se and I) or plasma acyl carnitines (indicators of available energy substrates) were observed in this study (all P>0.05). Overall, despite clear improvement in trace element status – notwithstanding high concentrations of Cu antagonists in the grass diet – supplementation did not affect nutrient digestibility or utilisation in grass-fed zebu cattle.

Effect of trace element supplementation on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of foodwaste in batch trials: The influence of inoculum origin

Batch anaerobic trials using a source-separated food waste as a substrate with inoculums of different origins were carried out under mesophilic conditions. Reactions were operated both with and without trace element (Co, Mo, Ni, Se, and W) supplementation. Supplementation with trace metals had either neutral or slightly negative effects with inoculums originating from reactors with a high background level of metals, such as those for the co-digestion of biowaste and waste activated sludge. For inoculums from reactors treating food waste only, which inherently contain low levels of trace metals, supplementation with these metals increased methane production. In particular, Mo concentrations in the range of 3–12mg/kg dry matter and Se concentrations of 10mg/kg dry matter increased methane production to as high as 30–40%. Supplementation with a metal mixture (Co, Mo, Ni, Se and W) increased the methane production to the range 45–65% for inoculums with low background concentrations of trace metals. These findings may have an important impact in the commercial production of methane from food waste.

Effects of trace element supplementation on taste disorder: report on two cases

Effects of trace element supplementation on taste disorder: report on two cases

The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 degrees C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L(-1)), Ni (0.2 mg L(-1)) and Fe (0.5 g L(-1)) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L(-1) day(-1).

Effects of trace element supplementation on the inflammatory response in a rabbit model of major trauma

Patients with a severe trauma exhibit a strong oxidative stress, an intense inflammatory response, and long-lasting hypermetabolism, all of which are proportional to the severity of injury. In this study, we investigated the impact of trace element (TE) supplementation on the inflammatory response in an animal model of major trauma. New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned as a control group ( n=5) and an experimental group ( n=70) that, after receiving a major trauma, was subdivided into Trauma-Control ( n=35) and Trauma-TE ( n=35) groups. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was observed in 40 out of 70 rabbits with a trauma, with a higher incidence in the Trauma-Control group (88.6%; 31/35) than the Trauma-TE group (28.6%; 10/35) ( p<0.01). The mortality rate was significantly different between the Trauma-Control and the Trauma-TE groups; (34% vs. 8%; p<0.01). There were significant post-trauma alterations in the levels of (1) serum and spleen zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn), (2) serum AST and ALT, (3) serum interleukin-6/10, and (4) nuclear factor kappa binding (NF-κB) activity and the expression. TE supplementation: (1) improved blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) levels, (2) stabilized IL-6/10 production, (3) decreased NF-κB p 65 production. Appropriate TE supplementation can improve the TE status, mitigate SIRS, and reduce the mortality due to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS)/multiple organ failure (MOF) after major trauma.

Iron, copper and immunocompetence

Microminerals including copper and iron are essential to immunity and health in human beings. The development of powerful tools in analytical cell biology and molecular genetics has facilitated efforts to identify specific cellular and molecular functions of trace elements in the maturation, activation and functions of host defence mechanisms. Selected recent reports about the role of copper and iron nutrition on immune functions are critically analysed here. Effects of trace element supplementation on infectious morbidity are also reviewed. While micromineral deficiencies, in general, may have widespread effects on nearly all components of immune response, these effects can be reversed by supplementation. However, the conflicting effects of iron deficiency and iron supplementation in vitro on the defensive systems reveals the urgent need for further additional information on the in vivo situation. In the elderly, vaccination against respiratory infections is likely to protect only 30-70% of the population. However, it may be possible to modulate immune function and ultimately reduce the severity of infections through micronutrient supplementation. Thus, microminerals contribute to the maintenance of the balance between immunity and health in humans.

Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace element supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials

IntroductionNosocomial pneumonia is a major source of morbidity and mortality after severe burns. Burned patients suffer trace element deficiencies and depressed antioxidant and immune defences. This study aimed at determining the effect of trace element supplementation on nosocomial or intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia.MethodsTwo consecutive, randomised, double-blinded, supplementation studies including two homogeneous groups of 41 severely burned patients (20 placebo and 21 intervention) admitted to the burn centre of a university hospital were combined. Intervention consisted of intravenous trace element supplements (copper 2.5 to 3.1 mg/day, selenium 315 to 380 μg/day, and zinc 26.2 to 31.4 mg/day) for 8 to 21 days versus placebo. Endpoints were infections during the first 30 days (predefined criteria for pneumonia, bacteraemia, wound, urine, and other), wound healing, and length of ICU stay. Plasma and skin (study 2) concentrations of selenium and zinc were determined on days 3, 10, and 20.ResultsThe patients, 42 ± 15 years old, were burned on 46% ± 19% of body surface: the combined characteristics of the patients did not differ between the groups. Plasma trace element concentrations and antioxidative capacity were significantly enhanced with normalisation of plasma selenium, zinc, and glutathione peroxidase concentrations in plasma and skin in the trace element-supplemented group. A significant reduction in number of infections was observed in the supplemented patients, which decreased from 3.5 ± 1.2 to 2.0 ± 1.0 episodes per patient in placebo group (p < 0.001). This was related to a reduction of nosocomial pneumonia, which occurred in 16 (80%) patients versus seven (33%) patients, respectively (p < 0.001), and of ventilator-associated pneumonia from 13 to six episodes, respectively (p = 0.023).ConclusionEnhancing trace element status and antioxidant defences by selenium, zinc, and copper supplementation was associated with a decrease of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill, severely burned patients.

Effects of trace element supplementation on milk yield and composition in camels

Abstract Objective of the study was to determine milk yield and quality (fat, protein, mineral content) of camels reared in north-east Africa, supplemented with trace elements for the first nine months of lactation. Twelve multiparous lactating camels were divided into two groups: control and treated (trace element supplemented). Addition of trace elements did not affect milk production and milk fat and protein content (respectively 3.09 vs. 3.51 kg d−1; 2.86 vs. 2.56%; 3.31 vs. 3.19%, treatment vs. control). Calcium and zinc contents of milk were significantly higher in treated animals (1.20 vs. 0.94 g L−1 and 3.16 vs. 2.52 mg L−1; P

Effects of trace element supplementation during longterm total parenteral nutrition : [formula omitted], B.Gercken, H.J.Gramm, J.Goecke, A.Tomiak, Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin und Klinikum Steglitz der Freien Universität Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany

Effects of trace element supplementation during longterm total parenteral nutrition : [formula omitted], B.Gercken, H.J.Gramm, J.Goecke, A.Tomiak, Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin und Klinikum Steglitz der Freien Universität Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany