Effects Of Tobacco Use Research Articles

The many urological consequences of smoking

The detrimental consequences of tobacco use in urology are often underestimated, despite its strong association with urological pathologies, including malignancies, sexual dysfunction, and urinary tract symptoms. Tobacco's components damage DNA, increasing the risk of bladder and urinary tract cancers, as well as renal cancer. In males, it's also correlated with prostate and penile cancers. Functionally, it leads to sexual dysfunctions, reducing erectile capacity and fertility in males. In females, it's linked to elevated urinary incontinence. In both genders, urinary tract symptoms worsen. Smoking cessation is consistently beneficial and should be encouraged by healthcare practitioners.

Student Perspectives on Campus Tobacco Policy: A Photovoice Study

Objectives: Despite substantial progress in reducing the burden of tobacco use in the United States (US), it remains the leading cause of preventable disease in the US. University campuses can play a pivotal role by implementing high quality tobacco-free campus policies. Methods: In preparation for updating the tobacco policy at a Midwestern university we carried out a photovoice project to incorporate student voices into the policy revision process. Participants (N=17) used disposable cameras to collect photographs and engaged in discussion groups about their experiences. Researchers analyzed focus group transcripts using a constant comparative approach. Results: Overall, 24 participants attended at least one photovoice session. They were mostly female (N=21) and mostly non-Hispanic white (N=12). Themes from the focus group discussion included effects of tobacco use on campus, negative opinions about current tobacco policy, concerns about how tobacco use affects the university, and tensions between nonsmokers and smokers. Photovoice images and captions created by participants were displayed on campus and presented to decision-makers. Conclusions: Despite limited knowledge about tobacco products and policy, many participants expressed strong opinions about the effects of policy on their student experience. Involving students in the policy process is an important step to improve implementation of tobacco policy changes.

Effect of combined tobacco use and type 2 diabetes mellitus on prevalent fibrosis in patients with MASLD.

Several studies have investigated the independent effect of cigarette smoking or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on MASLD. However, the interaction effect between tobacco consumption and T2DM on MASLD severity remains underexplored. In this study, we assessed the combined effect of tobacco use and T2DM on hepatic fibrosis in MASLD. We conducted a single-center retrospective cross-sectional analysis of eligible participants from the Mass General Brigham Fibroscan© database. The participants were divided into 3 groups: those with T2DM and a history of tobacco use (primary exposure group), those with T2DM but no history of tobacco use (secondary exposure group), and those without T2DM and no history of tobacco use (reference group). An additional model was developed, which included a fourth group, participants with a history of tobacco use but no T2DM. The likelihood of fibrosis was determined using a defined fibrosis-4 index cutoff value of 1.3. In addition, we computed the estimated marginal means for liver stiffness measurement and compared the values among the exposure groups. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between the exposure groups and the risk for hepatic fibrosis. Overall, 598 individuals were enrolled in the study. The bivariable logistic regression model revealed a significant independent association between T2DM, combined smoking and T2DM, and the outcome of interest, fibrosis. Age, sex, metabolic syndrome, aspirin use, statin use, hemoglobin A1C (A1C), and total bilirubin level were also significantly associated with fibrosis. In the adjusted fibrosis-4 multivariable model (comparing exposure groups to controls), cigarette smoking and T2DM interaction had higher odds of prevalent fibrosis (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.62-5.76), compared to those with T2DM alone (aOR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.37-3.85). The continuous liver stiffness measurement comparison across the exposure group showed an estimated marginal means of 6.26 (95% CL: 5.58-6.94), 7.54 (95% CL: 6.78-8.30), and 7.88 (6.78-8.99) for the reference group, T2DM only group, and tobacco-T2DM group, respectively. The diabetes-only group and the combined tobacco-T2DM group had statistically significant associations with liver stiffness measurement (p values: 0.013 and 0.014, respectively). Although diabetes is independently associated with hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD, the combination of tobacco consumption and diabetes is associated with a higher prevalence of fibrosis. Therefore, lifestyle change through tobacco use cessation in patients with diabetes could be beneficial in reducing the incidence of liver fibrosis among individuals with MASLD.

Modeling Idiographic Longitudinal Relationships between Affect and Cigarette Use: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Background: Despite public knowledge of the adverse health effects of tobacco use, cigarettes remain widely used due to the addictive nature of nicotine. Physiologic adaptation to the presence of nicotine over time leads to unpleasant effects during withdrawal periods. Alongside these physiological effects, tobacco users often report changes in their consumption of tobacco in response to their emotional state. Objectives: We hypothesized that idiographic, or person-specific level, increases in participants’ negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) ratings at a given time point would be associated with higher and lower craving and smoking over the following several hours, respectively. Fifty-two participants completed block randomized ecological momentary assessment surveys on their smartphones 4 times per day for 30 days, reporting from 0-100 their level of seven discrete emotions, stress, current craving, and smoking behavior. We analyzed the relationships between affect and smoking and craving using idiographic generalized linear models. Results: While some participants exhibited the hypothesized relationships, each participant varied in the strength and direction of the relationships between affect and craving/smoking. These outcomes were partially moderated at the group level by anxiety/depression at baseline, but not by level of nicotine dependence or sex. Conclusions: This suggests that the factors driving cigarette use vary significantly between individuals.

Severity of COVID-19 Disease Among Unvaccinated Users and Non-users of Tobacco Products

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified several risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, studies on the effects of tobacco use on COVID-19 severity have shown contradictory results. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between COVID-19 and tobacco use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among patients previously hospitalized because of COVID-19, none of whom had received any COVID-19 vaccinations. Subjective data, such as medical history of chronic diseases, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and tobacco use history, were gathered through telephone interviews through a pre-designed questionnaire.ResultsFifty-eight patients with COVID-19 used tobacco products, whereas 114 patients were non-users (tobacco use prevalence of 34%). The most common methods of tobacco use were smoking cigarettes (69%), smoking shisha (50%), using electronic cigarettes (10%), and chewing tobacco (3%). Although most patients developed COVID-19 symptoms, most of the reported symptoms were more frequent among the non-tobacco users. The associations of tobacco use with COVID-19 symptoms, mean LOS, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation were not significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough no significant association was found between COVID-19 severity and tobacco use, continued comprehensive tobacco cessation strategies remain important to mitigate the overall health consequences associated with tobacco consumption.

The tobacco epidemic – pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation

Introduction: One of the biggest public health threats in the world is tobacco epidemic. According to WHO in the world cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use. In the 2018 report of the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking was recognized as one of the main risk factors responsible for premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases. According to the Global Burden of Disease, estimates smoking causes almost 8 million deaths in 2019 worldwide. In Poland about one-quarter of adults smoke cigarettes. As a result, scientists are constantly looking for medications that could help people quit smoking.
 The aim of the study: The aim of our study is to present medication which are used for treating nicotine dependence nowadays. Moreover, we give attention to social and economic consequences of tobacco use.
 Materials and methods: The literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar was reviewed using the words: “smoking”, “smoking cessation”, “nicotine”, “nicotine replacement therapy”.
 Description of the state of knowledge: Exposure to tobacco smoke is a dominant factor in the incidence of many cancers as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Therefore, improving smoking cessation interventions is critical to reducing tobacco use and helping to minimize the burden of cancer and other diseases for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
 Conclusions: Smoking cessation has a positive effect on health. Nicotine replacement therapy, Bupropion, Varenicline and Cytisine are used to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in regular smokers who abstain from smoking.

Continued tobacco use among tobacco-related head and neck cancer patients seeking care in a tertiary care facility, South India

IntroductionContinued tobacco use in cancer patients leads to decreased treatment efficacy and safety, decreased survival, decreased quality of life, and an increased risk of cancer recurrence and primary tumours at other sites. ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of continued tobacco usage during the first 6 months of diagnosis among tobacco-related head and neck cancer patients seeking care from a tertiary care centre and the factors associated with it. MethodsA facility-based cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Puducherry, India. Newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients aged > 18 years with a history of tobacco use were interviewed to gather information on their socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and tobacco usage. All participants were interviewed again at the 3rd month and at the 6th month during their follow-up visit. The data were entered in EpiData v3.1 and analysed using STATA v14. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done with continued tobacco use as the dependent variable and variables that were found significantly associated with continued tobacco use in univariate analysis. ResultsOut of 220 study participants at baseline, 157(71 %; 95 % CI: 65.1–77.1) were using tobacco at the time of diagnosis. Out of these 157 participants, 80(50.9 %; 95 % CI; 43.1–58.7) continued to use tobacco at the 3rd month, 63(40.1 %: 95 % CI: 32.6–47.9) continued to use tobacco at the 6th month. The characteristics significantly associated with continued tobacco use are age (less than 39 years and more than 70 years), primary school education, nuclear family, and living alone, smoking tobacco, and increased duration of tobacco use. ConclusionTwo-fifths of head and neck cancer patients with a history of tobacco use continued to use tobacco at the 6th month after diagnosis of cancer. Awareness of effects of tobacco use and the benefits of tobacco cessation needs to be created among cancer patients.

Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Risk of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Both the incidence of lung cancer and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been increasing worldwide. The relationship between MetS and lung cancer remains controversial. What is the risk of lung cancer associated with MetS and its components? Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of MetS-related variables on lung cancer risk, both overall and by histologic subtype, in the UK Biobank. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, tobacco use status, and use of medication. HR curves were used to test the nonlinear associations between the metabolic markers and the risk of lung cancer. Of the 331,877 participants included in this study, a total of 77,173 participants had a diagnosis of MetS at enrollment. During a median follow-up of 10.9 years, lung cancer as the primary site developed in 2,425 participants. The HRs of MetS were 1.21 (95%CI, 1.09-1.33), 1.28 (95%CI, 1.10-1.50), and 1.16 (95%CI, 0.94-1.44) for the overall risk of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The HRs increased with the number of metabolic abnormalities from 1.11 to approximately 1.4 or 1.5 for those with one to five disorders. Positive association with lung cancer was observed for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated waist circumference, and hyperglycemia. The relationship between MetS and lung cancer was modified by sex, with a stronger effect in female patients (P= .031). The risk of lung cancer resulting from MetS was elevated mainly among individuals who used tobacco, although the modification effect of tobacco use was not statistically significant. A nonlinear association was found between lung cancer and HDL-C, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin. The increased risk of lung cancer associated with MetS suggests the importance of taking metabolic status and markers into consideration for the primary prevention of lung cancer and the selection of high-risk populations for lung cancer screening.

The effect of tobacco use on performance in a structure-from-motion task among patients with psychotic psychopathology.

The effect of tobacco use on performance in a structure-from-motion task among patients with psychotic psychopathology.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Tobacco Use among Latinx Parents in the USA.

The current study aimed to understand the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cultural factors on Latinx parents' tobacco use. Tobacco use is the leading cause of death among Latinx individuals in the USA, and parental use has long-term secondary harm for children. Thus, it is important to examine cultural protective factors that could prevent Latinx parents and children from the negative health effects of tobacco use. Data came from 2813 18- to 50-year-old Latinx respondents who participated in the Wave 3 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. They reported having children living in their household and had complete data for the variables of interest. In this sample (mean age = 33.5years, 53.7% female), 16.4% (95%CI = 14.7%, 18.4%) and 7.4% (95%CI = 6.4%, 8.6%) were current and former smokers, respectively. The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that experiencing more ACEs categories was associated with increased likelihood of current and former tobacco use compared to never use. Past year discrimination experiences and being US born (2nd and 3rd-generation parents) also increased the likelihood of current use. Differences in risk of current and former tobacco use were found based on respondents' country of origin, with protection against tobacco use found for most countries compared to being from Puerto Rico. Stronger ethnic-racial identity was not protective against tobacco use. Findings show the importance of considering ACEs and cultural factors when designing and implementing tobacco cessation programs for Latinx parents and increasing awareness of the impact of parents' tobacco use on their children.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOBACCO SMOKE AND CARBON MONOXIDE: IMPACT ON HEALTH AND DISEASE

Aim : The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between tobacco consumption and levels of exhaled carbon monoxide. Material and Methods : To conduct the literature review, multiple databases and sources were utilized. The search was conducted using MeSH Terms related to tobacco and exhaled carbon monoxide. Initially, 421 titles were identified from these sources, and after screening, 118 records were examined, resulting in 25 research-related articles. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews to ensure a standardized and rigorous approach to the evaluation of the selected studies. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were incorporated in the analysis, aiming to compare the association between tobacco consumption and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. The findings from all six trials consistently demonstrated a significant correlation between these two variables. Conclusion: To sum up, the analysis of research publications focusing on tobacco consumption and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels yields valuable insights regarding the correlation between smoking behavior, CO levels, and the associated health implications. This body of literature enhances our understanding of the relationship between smoke & implications on well being, shedding light on the potential risks and consequences of tobacco use. Clinical Significance: Gaining a deeper understanding of these relationships can play a significant role in developing impactful strategies for smoking cessation. Furthermore, it can help raise awareness about the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke and emphasize the importance of reducing tobacco consumption. By leveraging this knowledge, we can work towards implementing effective interventions and public health campaigns aimed at promoting smoking cessation and improving overall population health. KEYWORDS : Smoking cessation, tobacco, carbon monoxide

Prenatal Substance Use Among Young Pregnant Sexual Minority People.

Purpose: Sexual minority (SM) youth have higher rates of substance use and pregnancy but are absent from the prenatal substance use literature. We modeled the impact of SM identity and syndemic factors on prenatal substance use among 14- to 21-year-olds. Methods: Pregnant people completed an online survey (n = 357). Prenatal substance use was regressed on SM identity, controlling for other syndemic factors (e.g., depressive symptoms, intimate partner violence) and household substance use. Results: Pregnant SM participants (n = 125) were primarily bisexual and were more likely to use tobacco and illicit drugs than heterosexual participants (n = 232). The association between SM identity and prenatal tobacco use was not attenuated by syndemic factors, prenatal cannabis use, or household tobacco use. Conclusion: SM people need increased support for smoking cessation to redress health inequities in tobacco use, prevent prenatal exposures to tobacco, and limit the long-term consequences of tobacco use on health.

Effect of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the fetus in pregnant women who recovered from infection.

The effect of maternal infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the fetus is unclear, and there is no data from Saudi Arabia. Assess the effect of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal growth. Retrospective case-control SETTING: Tertiary care hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia PATIENTS AND METHODS: We selected pregnant women who underwent an obstetric growth scan and umbilical artery Doppler ultra-sound examination between 28 and 41 weeks of pregnancy. Women with multiple pregnancy, fetal abnormalities, maternal body mass index >30, maternal hypertension, any other chronic diseases that might affect fetal growth or pregnant women suffering from cancer were excluded. Fetal growth parameters assessed included fetal biometry (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length). We also did an umbilical artery Doppler assessment, which includes the umbilical artery pulsatility index, resistive index and the systolic/diastolic ratio. Fetal biometry and biophysical profile SAMPLE SIZE: 48 SARS-CoV-2; 98 non-SARS-CoV-2 RESULTS: More women who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection had small for gestational age fetuses compared with the control group (P=.001). Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was associated with a higher prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Retrospective, middle cerebral artery and uterine artery Doppler data were not included nor were the effect of tobacco use and socioeconomic status, the relationship between the date of infection with the date of conceiving or the relationship between the severity of infection in the mother and fetal biometry and growth. None.

Frequency, Knowledge, Attitude and Intent to Stop Cigarette Smoking among Nursing Students

Background: Cigarette smoking is a foremost health-related problem worldwide that can lead to morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of cigarette smoking and cessation intentions vary from one country to another. However, smoking cessation is the single most effective preventive strategy for enhancing health and extending life. Objective: (a) To determine the frequency of cigarette smoking; (b) To assess the knowledge, attitude of cigarette smoking and intent to stop it (c) To identify the association of cigarette smoking with demographic variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two private nursing colleges in Karachi, from January to June 2019. The study included both male and female Nursing students. The non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to approach the participants. The chi-square test was applied to determine the significant association between cigarette smoking and demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and language. p-value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 150 study participants, the smoking frequency was 16 (10.7%). Eighty-eight (58.7%) of the study participants had a fair knowledge of cigarette smoking in this study. About one-fifth of (18.7%) participants intended to quit smoking. Almost one-fourth (24%) of the study participants verbalized that their friends are smokers, while 15.3% of participants’ parents were smokers. Conclusion: It is concluded that nursing students had some knowledge about adverse health effects of tobacco use, and few participants intended to stop smoking. It is recommended that nursing institutions organize smoking cessation sessions periodically to avoid from detrimental effects of smoking.

Addressing the smoking-hypertension paradox in pregnancy: insight from a multiethnic US birth cohort.

Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with reduced risk of a spectrum of hypertensive (HTN) disorders, known as the "smoking-hypertension paradox." We sought to test potential epidemiologic explanations for the smoking-hypertension paradox. We analyzed 8510 pregnant people in the Boston Birth Cohort, including 4027 non-Hispanic Black and 2428 Hispanic pregnancies. Study participants self-reported tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opioids, or cocaine use during pregnancy. We used logistic regression to assess effect modification by race/ethnicity, and confounding of concurrent substances on hypertensive disorders or prior pregnancy. We also investigated early gestational age as a collider or competing risk for pre-eclampsia, using cause-specific Cox models and Fine-Gray models, respectively. We replicated the paradox showing smoking to be protective against hypertensive disorders among Black participants who used other substances as well (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.93), but observed null effects for Hispanic participants (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.36). In our cause-specific Cox regression, the effects of tobacco use were reduced to null effects with pre-eclampsia (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.04) after stratifying for preterm birth. For the Fine-Gray competing risk analysis, the paradoxical associations remained. The smoking paradox was either not observed or reversed after accounting for race/ethnicity, other substance use, and collider-stratification due to preterm birth. These findings offer new insights into this paradox and underscore the importance of considering multiple sources of bias in assessing the smoking-hypertension association in pregnancy.

Effect of Tobacco Use on Radiolucent Lines in Modern Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty Tibial Components

BackgroundThe link between tobacco consumption and wound complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is well established. However, the effect of tobacco use on biologic fixation in cementless TKA remains unknown. This study evaluated the influence of tobacco use on the presence of radiolucent lines of tibial components in cementless TKA. MethodsA total of 293 consecutive cementless TKAs of 2 contemporary designs were retrospectively reviewed. Tibial radiolucent lines and component alignment were measured using an established measurement protocol. Patients with any history of tobacco use or active tobacco use (tobacco users) were compared to those with no history of tobacco use (tobacco nonusers). No significant differences which influenced outcomes were detected between the tobacco user and tobacco nonuser groups (P ≥ .071). ResultsRadiolucent lines decreased from 1-month to latest follow-up (mean 2.5 years) in all 10 radiographic zones regardless of tobacco use (P ≤ .084). However, evaluating intrapatient change in radiolucent line width, the tobacco nonuser group had more radiolucent lines resolve by the latest follow-up in nearly all radiographic zones, although most differences did not reach statistical significance, except for anteroposterior zone 1 (−31% vs −19%, P = .022). No tibial components were revised for aseptic loosening. ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that any tobacco use prior to cementless TKA has the potential to hinder biologic fixation of tibial components. While no tibial components were revised for aseptic loosening, follow-up was relatively short at 2.5 years and therefore warrants further study to discern the effect of persistent radiolucent lines on long-term fixation.

Economic cost of cigarette smoking in Bosnia and Herzegovina

BackgroundCigarette use is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 41.1% of adults being current smokers in 2019 and almost half of current...

Perception of Tobacco Use among School-Going Early Adolescent Children in Udupi District: A Cross-sectional Study.

Tobacco use among school-going children is a significant public health concern worldwide. Studies on perception and knowledge about harmful effects of tobacco use among early adolescent children are limited. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of tobacco use among rural and urban school-going early adolescent children. A cross-sectional study design was used. Using mixed method multi-stage sampling, a sample of 218 eighth grade students were selected randomly using the simple random technique from two government schools (rural and urban schools were chosen purposively), Udupi district, Karnataka. Data were collected using the questionnaire method. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to express the data and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the categorical variables. More than one-third (39%) of middle school children have used tobacco in the past. About 44% of boys felt guilty about their tobacco use. About two percent tried using other forms of tobacco products. Less than 1% of them had used tobacco more than once in the past 30 days. Urban children had significantly more knowledge about the harmful effects of tobacco use (p = .001), quitting tobacco (χ2 = 11.6, p = .008), and reasons for quitting tobacco use was, noticing anti-tobacco messages. More urban children think using tobacco makes boys more attractive (χ2 = 9.07, p = .01) and girls more attractive (χ2 = 10.80, p = .004). The prevalence of tobacco use was 1.5% among middle-school children in the last month. Urban school children have significantly more knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use than rural students.

Assessing the NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMME (NTCP) guidelines-based education model in semi-urban school population: An interventional study.

Awareness in semi-urban school population about harmful effects of tobacco use. Hence, the objectives of the present research protocol are to evaluate the incidence of tobacco usage amongst school children and educators, to evaluate the knowledge of students and teachers regarding the harmful effects of tobacco, to educate students and teachers regarding the deleterious effects of tobacco and to evaluate the success of the intervention. This study will be conducted at a semi-urban school located in the Wardha district. A cluster of students and teachers will be selected and will be given a pre-test to assess their knowledge regarding tobacco. The questionnaire will also help in evaluating the total number of participants consuming tobacco. Teachers will be given intervention when the data from the pre-test has been analysed. They will be educated regarding tobacco and its effects on oral health with the use of PowerPoint presentations, posters and models. Activities such as skits, role plays and discussions will be performed. Teachers will be asked to educate the students regarding the same. After the students are educated, they will be given a post-test to evaluate their understanding after the teachers have educated them. Tobacco users will be motivated to complete the cessation of tobacco. A questionnaire comprises 20 questions that are taken from National Tobacco Control Programme (NTPC) guidelines. The proposed study represents a major step towards tobacco cessation amongst semi-urban school population. Overall, the study includes evaluating the knowledge of participants, educating them regarding the harmful effects of tobacco and motivating the participants who are tobacco chewers to complete stoppage of habit. The study will develop a valid and reliable change and would contribute in the development of good oral health. This research will provide in the Indian context, evidence that will underpin better selection in semi-urban schools of the Wardha district. The proposed study represents a major step towards tobacco cessation amongst semi-urban school population. The study will develop a valid and reliable change and would contribute in the development of good oral health.

Tobacco Use and Cessation among a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in India, 2019-2021.

Tobacco users are exposed to a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases, leading to premature mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The future prediction indicates that tobacco-related mortality and morbidity rates will substantially increase in coming years. The study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and cessation attempts for different tobacco products among adult men in India. The study utilized information from India's latest National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data which was conducted during 2019-21, including 988,713 adult men aged 15 years and above and 93,144 men aged 15-49. Results suggest that 38 percent of men consume tobacco, including 29% in urban and 43% in rural areas. Among the men aged 35-49 years, the odds were significantly higher for consuming any form of tobacco (AOR: 7.36, CI: 6.72-8.05), smoking cigarettes (AOR: 2.56, CI: 2.23-2.94), and smoking bidi (AOR: 7.12, CI: 4.75-8.82) as compared to those aged 15-19. The application of multilevel model indicates that tobacco usages are not evenly distributed. In addition, there is maximum clustering of tobacco usages found around household level factors. Further, 30% of men aged 35-49 years attempted to stop consuming tobacco. Though 27% of men tried to quit tobacco in the last 12 months and 69% of men are exposed to secondhand smoke, 51% of men who received advice for quitting tobacco and visited the hospital in the last 12 months belong to the lowest wealth quintile. These findings prioritize promoting awareness about adverse effects of tobacco use, especially in rural areas, and capacitate them to adopt cessation efforts so that those who want to quit may be successful in their efforts. In addition, the health system's response to the tobacco epidemic in the country should be strengthened by training of service providers to promote cessation efforts through appropriate counselling of all the patients visiting them in the context of tobacco use in any form as key drivers of the increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the country.