Effect Of Supplementary Feeding Research Articles

Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Milk Volume, Milk Composition, Blood Biochemical Index, and Fecal Microflora Diversity in Grazing Yili Mares.

Grazing is a common approach to rearing. We investigated the effects of supplementation during grazing on milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry, and fecal microflora in Yili horses. The control mares grazed normally, while those in groups I and II received 1 kg/d of concentrate and 1 kg/d of concentrate + 0.4 kg/d of coated FA, respectively. Milk volumes were significantly higher in groups I and II than in the control group, and among the previous two, milk volumes were significantly higher in group II than in group I. Milk fat, lactose, and protein levels were significantly higher in group II than in the others. BUN was highly significantly lower in group I than in the control group. Specific FAs, total SFA, and total UFA were significantly higher in group II than in the other groups. After feeding, plasma GLU, free FA, TG, LDL, and VLDL were significantly higher in group II than in the other groups. The control group, group I, and group II had 4984, 5487, and 5158 OTUs, respectively, and 3483 OTUs were common to all groups. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was >75%. The abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly higher in groups I and II than in the control group and, among the previous two, significantly higher in group II than in group I. The abundance of Treponema_saccharophilum significantly differed between the control and other groups, and WCHB 1_41, Kiritimatiellae, and Verrucomicrobia abundances significantly differed between groups II and the other groups.

Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Weight Gain for Malnourished Toddlers Aged 6-59 Months

One of the factors that affect a person's level of health is good nutritional status. Providing additional food or nutritional supplementation to malnourished toddlers is one of the treatments to overcome the problem of malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementary feeding on weight gain in malnourished toddlers aged 6-59 months. This study used a pre-experimental design. Data was taken from direct observation sheets on respondents in the Pasirian Public Health Center work area which was carried out from July to August 2022 with a population of 32 respondents and a sample of 21 respondents using purposive sampling. technique. Data collection includes coding, editing, and tabulating. Then the data were analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS. The results showed that in malnourished toddlers who were given additional food, there were 17 respondents who experienced weight gain (81%) and 4 respondents who did not gain weight (19%). Statistical results using the T-test showed a p-value of 0.001. There is an effect of supplementary feeding on weight gain in malnourished toddlers aged 6-59 months at the Pasirian Public Health Center.

Effect of Supplemental Feeding on The Weight of Silk Glands And Larval Development of Mulberry Silkworm (bombyx Mori)

Effect of Supplemental Feeding on The Weight of Silk Glands And Larval Development of Mulberry Silkworm (bombyx Mori)

Effect of supplementary feeding on the production traits, carcass and meat quality of Jamuna basin lambs

This study aimed to identify the optimum level of supplementary feeds on the carcass traits and meat quality of Jamuna basin lambs. Forty selected lambs were divided into four treatments such as T0 (no concentrate supplementation), T1 (1% concentrate feed), T2 (1.5% concentrate feed) and T3 (2% concentrate feed) having ten lambs per treatment. The data were analyzed through Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with SAS software. Hot carcass, dressing percentage, head, leg, neck, loin, heart, and spleen weight were showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values with increasing concentrate feed. The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash values were significantly increased (p < 0.001) except T2 treatment. The ultimate pH was significantly increased except T2 and cooked pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) except T3 treatment. Drip loss and cooking loss (CL) % had significantly reduced (p < 0.001) except T3 treatment. The water holding capacity (WHC) % was significantly increased (p < 0.001) except T3 treatment. The score of color, juiciness and tenderness were significantly different (p < 0.001). Flavor and overall acceptability score were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in different treatments. The color values L* and b* had significantly changed (p < 0.001) and a* value was found significantly higher (p < 0.05) in all treatments. Hence, 12 months of aged lambs with 1.5% concentrate feed showed better performances on carcass, nutritional, physicochemical, sensory and instrumental color values to increase the carcass and the meat quality of lambs.

Effect of supplementary feeding on length-weight relationship of carp (L. catla, L. rohita and L. gonius) at different stocking densities in carp polyculture under fertilised culture system

Effect of supplementary feeding on length-weight relationship of carp (L. catla, L. rohita and L. gonius) at different stocking densities in carp polyculture under fertilised culture system

The Effect of Supplementary Feeding with Different Pollens in Autumn on Colony Development under Natural Environment and In Vitro Lifespan of Honey Bees.

Simple SummaryIn the present study, the effect of feeding with pollen sources with different protein content on colony performance, wintering ability and in-vitro longevity of colonies that weakened after feeding with pine honey in autumn or that needed to enter the winter period were investigated. The experiment was carried out in 48 colonies divided into six groups as follows: control, syrup, mixed pollen, Cistus creticus pollen (Pink rock-rose), Papaver somniferum pollen (Opium poppy), and commercial bee cake group. The effect of nutritional differences on survival was found to be statistically significant in vitro and this supports the colony results in the natural environment. As a result, P. somniferum pollen is a good preference to be used in feeding colonies in beekeeping, due to its rich nutritional content.Honey bees need pollen and nectar sources to survive in nature. Particularly, having young bees in colonies is vital before wintering, and proper feeding is necessary to achieve this. In the present study, the effect of feeding with pollen sources of different protein content on colony performance, wintering ability and in-vitro longevity of colonies that weakened after feeding with pine honey in autumn, or that needed to enter the winter period, was investigated. The experiment was carried out in 48 colonies divided into six groups as follows: control, syrup, mixed pollen, Cistus creticus pollen (Pink rock-rose), Papaver somniferum pollen (Opium poppy), and commercial bee cake groups. In particular, the P. somniferum pollen group was different (p < 0.01) from the other experiment groups with the number of bee frames (3.44), the area with brood (1184.14 cm2) and the wintering ability of 92.19%. The effect of nutritional differences on survival was found to be statistically significant in vitro and this supports the colony results in the natural environment (p < 0.001). The P. somniferum group has the longest longevity with 23 days. Pollen preferences of honey bees were P. somniferum, C. creticus, and mixed pollen, respectively.

Evaluation Of Feeding Residual of Sesame Capsule on Growth Rate of Sudanese Desert Kids in North Kordofan State, Sudan

The experiment was conducted in ELobied locality, Northern Kordofan state, to evaluate the effect of supplementation of residual sesame capsule on growth performances of grazing Desert kids. Thirty-seven (37) Sudanese desert kids were used in this experiment. Kids were divided to four groups as (B, C, D) supplemented and group (A) unsupplemented as control depends on natural grazing only. Supplemented kids were allocated to three feeding regimes in a complete random design. The results indicated that the supplementary rations that given to the experimental goats, had highly significant (p&lt;0.01) effect on kid birth weight, heavier at birth than control group (1.99±0.12, 2.42±0.11 and 2.22±0.12kg for B, C and D groups respectively versus 1.85±0.13kg for control). The results reveled that supplementary ration had no significant effect on kid growth from after birth up to 8th weeks pre –kidding, but during 8-12th week did. Also ration that offered to kids significantly (p&lt;0.01) effected body weight at weaning and daily gain. The heavier weaning weight for groups B, C and D were 9.14, 9.55 and 9.47 kg vs 8.46 kg for A group with lightest weaning weight. Results showed that the effect of supplementary feeding was exerted no significant effect on pre weaning mortality rate. Highest rates were scored by group B 22% whereby group A, C and D were scored 12%, 9 % and 11% respectively. It may be concluded that the supplementation of with residues of sesame capsule had showed an impact on birth, growth rate and weaning weight of Desert kids under traditional farming system.

Effect of supplemental feeding on habitat and crop selection by wild boar in Sweden

The wild boar population has increased rapidly during the last 2 decades in Southern and Central Sweden. This rise in population size has caused severe damages to agricultural fields through their foraging behavior. Given the hierarchical nature of habitat and resource selection, wildlife management needs to understand the selection on both levels to better understand the ecology of nuisance species and mitigate the damages they infer. Thus, there is an urgent need for more knowledge on the factors that influence habitat selection as a tool in the evidence-based management of wild boar to reduce the losses they cause in the agricultural sector. This study aims to evaluate a common management action (feeding stations) influencing wild boar selection of (1) habitats and (2) resources i.e., crop types, in South-Central Sweden during summer. Eleven wild boars were fitted with GPS/GSM-collars to record movement among different habitats and crops. Wild boar shows a high preference for clear-cuts, agricultural fields, and deciduous forests. The animals showed a high preference for crop fields with oat, spring wheat, and mixed crops. A binary logistic model revealed both a positive and negative significant influence of distance to feeding stations on the selection of different habitats and crop fields. In general, feeding stations influenced the selection of different habitats and crops negatively i.e., the closer a habitat or crop field is to a feeding station, the higher the likelihood of its selection. The study recommends adjustments to wild boar management and cropping systems to reduce damages on highly selected crop fields.

Effect of supplementary feeding on morphometry of worker honeybees in Western Himalayan region

Efficient management of bee colonies requires the beekeepers to provide artificial food to the bees when they need it. The need to feed artificial diet depends a lot on the amount of brood in the hive, the amount of stored pollen and nectar, current as well as future nectar and pollen conditions and demands to be placed on the hives. If hives are critically short of pollen and either have a large brood nest or are expanding their brood nest, then the beekeepers need to consider various options available to them for e.g. supplementary feeding, migration of bee colonies to the region rich in flora etc. to avoid a reduction in bee population. Feeding of artificially diet may have positive effect on colony attributes including morphometric characters. It was observed that feeding of diet led to significant increase in some of the morphometric characters like tongue length.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN PEMULIHAN BERBAHAN DASAR LOKAL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN BERAT BADAN BALITA GIZI KURANG

Malnutrition is a health disorder due to a lack or imbalance of nutrients needed for growth, thinking activities and all things related to life. One of the efforts made to help meet the nutritional needs of malnourished children under five is the Recovery Supplementary Feeding (PMT) program. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the effect of supplementary feeding with local ingredients on changes in body weight of undernourished children under five. The type of research used is pre-experimental research design with one group pre and post-test design. This research was conducted in the working area of the Nanga Public Health Center. The population in this study were all underweight children under five in the working area of the Nanga Health Center as many as 30 people, the sampling technique in this study was total sampling. Data processing is done by editing, coding, entry, tabulating and cleaning. Data analysis in this study was bivariate with Paired Test. The results showed that there was an effect of providing local-based supplementary food to changes in body weight of undernourished children under five as indicated by a p value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, with a pre-test Mean value (9.744) &lt; Post-test Mean (10.022). and the value of t-count (7.409) &gt; t-table (2005). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the provision of local-based supplementary food is effective in increasing the weight of undernourished children under five.

STUDIES ON SOME FACTORS AFFECTING ROYAL JELLY PRODUCTION OF HONEYBEE COLONIES, Apis mellifera L.

A study was conducted in a private apiary located at El Mahala Elkobra, Gharbia to assess the impact of bee hybrid, supplemental feeding and the strength of production unit (bee colony) on royal jelly production in addition, queen cup material, age of grafted bee larva and royal jelly harvest interval were also taken in consideration. The results clear that the highest royal jelly production was attained when grafting one day old larvae. However, the differences between Carniolan and Italian hybrids in royal jelly production was insignificant. In addition, stronger colonies yielded higher royal jelly production than weaker ones in both honeybee hybrids. Using queen cups of honeybee wax produced the highest royal jelly yield followed by bee wax coated plastic cups, whereas plastic cups came in the last class. Regarding the effect of supplemental feeding (AD3E, Vit.B complex, Amino) in syrup and in patty, it is clear that AD3E induced the highest effect on royal jelly production, follow by Amino then Vit. B complex. Offering the additives in syrup was more potent than in patty the highest royal jelly yield was gained when harvesting process was made at 3 days post grafting. Mean while severe reduction in royal jelly yield was dectected when harvesting was taken place at 4 days post grafting.

Effects of supplemental feeding on the fecal bacterial communities of Rocky Mountain elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Supplemental feeding of wildlife is a common practice often undertaken for recreational or management purposes, but it may have unintended consequences for animal health. Understanding cryptic effects of diet supplementation on the gut microbiomes of wild mammals is important to inform conservation and management strategies. Multiple laboratory studies have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiome for extracting and synthesizing nutrients, modulating host immunity, and many other vital host functions, but these relationships can be disrupted by dietary perturbation. The well-described interplay between diet, the microbiome, and host health in laboratory and human systems highlights the need to understand the consequences of supplemental feeding on the microbiomes of free-ranging animal populations. This study describes changes to the gut microbiomes of wild elk under different supplemental feeding regimes. We demonstrated significant cross-sectional variation between elk at different feeding locations and identified several relatively low-abundance bacterial genera that differed between fed versus unfed groups. In addition, we followed four of these populations through mid-season changes in supplemental feeding regimes and demonstrated a significant shift in microbiome composition in a single population that changed from natural forage to supplementation with alfalfa pellets. Some of the taxonomic shifts in this population mirrored changes associated with ruminal acidosis in domestic livestock. We discerned no significant changes in the population that shifted from natural forage to hay supplementation, or in the populations that changed from one type of hay to another. Our results suggest that supplementation with alfalfa pellets alters the native gut microbiome of elk, with potential implications for population health.

Effects of Supplemental Feed with Different Levels of Dietary Metabolizable Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Grazing Naturalized Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides).

Simple SummarySwan geese are becoming a very popular economic wildfowl in China, however, there lacks nutrient requirement guidelines for farmed Swan geese. This study evaluated the effects of supplemental feeding of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) level [9.5, 11.5, and 13.5 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM)] on growth and carcass characteristics of grazing Swan geese. The results showed that growth performance and body-size measurements (except shank length) were greatly improved by offering supplemental feeds to grazing geese, with no difference among supplemental feeding treatments. As DM intake (DMI) decreased with increasing dietary ME from day 29 to 56; meanwhile, slaughter, semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, and thigh muscle yield decreased with increasing dietary ME on day 56, and a well-balanced supplemental diet with ME of 9.5 MJ/kg of DM was recommended to improve growth and meat production of grazing Swan geese.Grazing Swan geese (Anser cygnoides) have good meat quality but grow slowly. This study aimed to study whether supplemental feeding could improve growth performance of grazing Swan geese and investigate a suitable dietary metabolizable energy (ME) level of supplemental diet for grazing Swan geese. Naturalized healthy male Swan geese (n = 144; 42 ± 2.0 days and 1.21 ± 0.17 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 groups and grazed on pasture alone (control, CON) or offered supplemental diets with ME of 9.5, 11.5, or 13.5 MJ/kg of DM after grazing. Growth performance and body-size measurements (including bone development) were lower (p < 0.05) in CON versus supplemented geese, as well as slaughter measurements on days 28 and 56. The DM intake linearly decreased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary ME from day 29 to 56. Slaughter, semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, and thigh muscle yield linearly (p < 0.01) decreased with increasing dietary ME on day 56. Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) for breast and thigh muscle on days 28 and 56, and breast muscle shear force on day 56, were lower (p < 0.01) in supplemented versus CON geese. In conclusion, supplemental feeding improved growth performance and carcass characteristics of grazing Swan geese, and supplemental feed with ME of 9.5 MJ/kg of DM could be offered to improve growth and meat quality of grazing Swan geese.

Radiotracking refines the role of food supplementation on overwinter survival of the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)

Resource availability, particularly food, can limit the size of bird populations during the nonbreeding season. Resident and short-distance migrant birds, wintering in colder environments, should show strong effects of food limitation on winter survival. Here, we introduce a novel experiment testing for the effect of supplemental feeding on the winter survival of the Dark-eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis), a short- to medium-distance migrant in North America. Color-ringed juncos were monitored by resighting in the winters of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Winter supplemental feeding significantly increased junco survival within winters. However, it is possible that juncos not resighted underwent within-winter dispersal rather than died. Thus, in the winter of 2014, very high frequency radio transmitters were attached to 29 juncos from unsupplemented sites to ascertain the fate of birds not resighted. We found that movement beyond the study area was minimal and most juncos maintained a discrete home range. Of the radiotagged birds, 27.5% were not resighted during observation periods, but were located and confirmed alive via radiotracking. A correction factor for within-winter dispersal was applied to previous years’ data and the effect of food supplementation remained statistically significant for two of the three winters; the trend was the same, but not statistically significant during the warmest winter. The present results contribute to a developing conceptual model of migration-specific effects of winter food limitation. Dark-eyed Juncos are an iconic backyard birdfeeder species that have shown a steady population decline for decades. Supplemental feeding during the wintering period may regularly elevate population recruitment by increasing winter survival in avian species that winter in thermally challenging environments.

Effects of nutritional practices in different periods on some yield characteristics of Kilis goats

Aims: In this study, the effects of supplementary feeding during gestation and lactation period on birth and weaning weights of kids and milk yield of dams in Kilis goats were investigated.Methods and Results: In the study, experimental goats were divided into three groups as control group, short-term feeding (STF) group and long-term feeding (LTF) group. The control group was kept under breeder’s management conditions. Supplementary feed of 750 g/head/day were given to the goats from the last 20 days of gestation to 90th days after birth in the STF group, and from last 40 days of gestation to the end of lactation in LTF group. At the end of the experiment, the highest lactation period was 220.2 days in the LTF group, followed by STF and control groups (P &amp;lt;0.05). Likewise, in the LTF and STF groups, the lactation milk yield, which was determined as 466.2 and 426.3 liters respectively, was higher than the control group (316.4 liters) (P &amp;lt;0.05).Conclusions: It was concluded that supplementary feeding during gestation and lactation periods caused an increase in milk yield and lactation length of Kilis goats.Significance and Impact of the Study: At the end of study, it can be stated that if supplementary feeding is made during gestation or lactation, milk yield characteristics of Kilis goats will be improved. Suckling period for the goats is the period when pasture conditions are good. For this reason, even in the goats managed only in the pasture, milk yield of mothers is sufficient for multiple born kids.

Effects of supplementary feeding on the rumen morphology and bacterial diversity in lambs.

Early supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning is important to meet their nutritional needs, promote the development of rumen and improve performance. To study the effect of early supplementary feeding on rumen development and the microbiota of lambs, 22 Hu lambs were randomly divided into two groups: one group was fed with milk replacer (group C), and the other group was fed with milk replacer and starter (group S). At 28 days, six lambs in each group were slaughtered, and the rumen content and tissue samples were collected for detection and analysis. The starter significantly promoted the length of rumen papilla (P = 0.03), the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) (P < 0.01), which were higher in group S compared with group C. Group C had a higher rumen microbial diversity than group S. The dominant bacteria in the two groups were the same (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria); however, they differed notably at the genus level. The microbial abundance of the two groups was significantly different for 22 species. In group C, the first three dominant bacteria were Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Campylobacter, while in group S they were Succinivibrio, unidentified_Prevotellaceae, and unidentified_Lachnospiraceae. Spearman correlation analysis showed that some ruminal bacteria were closely related to internal environmental factors, e.g., the relative abundances of unidentified_Bacteria, Euryarchaeota, Fusobacteria, and Gracilibacteria correlated negatively with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Firmicutes correlated positively with acetate, propionate, butyrate and TVFA (P < 0.05). Bacteroidetes correlated negatively with propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05); Synergistetes correlated negatively with acetate, propionate, and butyrate (P < 0.05); Deinococcus-Thermus correlated negatively with propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05); Spirochaetes correlated negatively with propionate and TVFA (P < 0.05); and Elusimicrobia correlated negatively with propionate and butyrate (P < 0.05). Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia correlated positively correlated with NH3-N. In conclusion, supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning promoted the development of rumen tissue morphology and rumen microorganisms.

What are the effects of supplementary feeding for adults in food insecure and malnourished populations?

What are the effects of supplementary feeding for adults in food insecure and malnourished populations?

What are the effects of supplementary feeding for children in food insecure and malnourished populations?

What are the effects of supplementary feeding for children in food insecure and malnourished populations?

Influence of winter feeding on colony development and the antioxidant system of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

The effects of supplementary feeding (artificial diet cake + sucrose syrup supplemented with vitamin C) for different periods (feeding for 12, 15 and 18 weeks) on colony development, protein content and antioxidant system in newly emerged workers were investigated from October to March for two consecutive beekeeping seasons. Sugar syrup was used as the control. The results revealed that there was a marked increase in colony growth parameters (sealed brood areas and adult bee population sizes) in colonies provided with supplemental diet for different periods compared to control colonies. Moreover, colonies fed longest (feeding for 18 weeks) recorded significantly higher sealed brood areas and adult bee population sizes in comparison to other treatment groups. Also, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes together with levels of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in newly emerged honey bee workers sampled from colonies fed supplemental diet for different periods and control group. There was a clear improvement in the antioxidant system in bee colonies that were provided with supplemental diet for 18 weeks compared to other treatments and control ones. This suggests that honey bee workers supplemented with artificial feeding during the winter season possess mechanisms that reduce their oxidative stress. Together, our results suggest that supplemental winter feeding for 18 weeks (from 1 November to 11 March) has the potential to improve colony development and health during overwintering, a period of elevated colony losses.

Effect of supplemental feeding on nesting success in the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni)

The effect of food supplement to Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) nests during the nestling period (from hatching to fledging) was studied in two nesting colonies in Israel – Alona and Jerusalem. Our hypothesis, based on diminishing returns considerations, was that food supplement will have a greater effect on fledgling success in the food-limited, urban colony of Jerusalem, than in the rural colony of Alona. Indeed, food supplement had a significantly positive effect on breeding success in both colonies. However, and contrary to our prediction, the decrease in chick mortality between supplemented and control nests in Jerusalem was not larger than in Alona (actually it was numerically smaller, albeit not significantly so). This implies either that additional factors, possibly urbanization associated, other than food limitation, might be responsible for the difference in nesting success of Lesser Kestrels between Alona and Jerusalem, and/or that the amount or the nutritional quality of the additional food provided to supplemented nests (three mice per chick per week), was not enough.