Effect Of Supplementary Feeding Research Articles

Effect of Supplemental Feeding on the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women Treated at the Mandala Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) of Medan

Effect of Supplemental Feeding on the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women Treated at the Mandala Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) of Medan

Effect of supplementary feeding of sheep ration pellets and sprouted Black-Eyed Beans (Vigna unguiculata) on milk intake and weight gain in suckling barbados blackbelly lambs

Eleven Barbados Blackbelly ewes and their 22 lambs were used to study the impact of supplementary feeding of sheep ration pellets and sprouted black-eyed beans on milk intake, and weight gain in suckling lambs during first 6 weeks of dam's lactation. The newborn lambs were separated from the dams 72 h after birth and randomly allotted to one of two groups. Lambs in Gr I were offered commercial sheep ration pellets (CSR), while lambs in Gr II, sprouted black-eyed beans (SBB) separately as creep feed from day 4 to day 42. Milk intake by suckling lambs from day 4 to 42 was obtained using a ‘weigh-suckle-weigh ’method. The average daily milk intake (ADMI), daily gain (ADG) and the ratio of ADMI: ADG for CSR and SBB were similar (P>0.05). The mean ADMI/ADG for CSR week 1–3 and SBB week 1–3 were 8.0±0.10 and 7.9±0.11, respectively and the corresponding values for CSR week 4–6 and SBB week 4–6 were 8.3±0.18 and 8.2±0.53. The ewes weighed 47.9±0.88 kg on day 2 and 45.0±0.93 kg on day 36 of lactation. The average milk yield (g/day/ewe) for the six weeks was 1009±32.1with a peak of 1151±91.8 in week 4. The estimated means for daily gain of lambs in week 1–3 and week 4–6, for the CSR and SBB groups were 62.71±0.80, 61.76±0.80, 63.85±0.80 and 65.15±0.80g, respectively. In conclusion, feeding sprouted black-eyed beans as creep feed during weeks 4 to 6 had advantage in promoting weight gain in milk fed lambs.

Effect of supplementary feeding on growth responses of endangered Indian butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) in polyculture

A six-month-long trial was conducted to assess the supplementation of 30% protein (F2) and 35% protein feed (F3) compared with conventional rice bran+mustard oil cake feeding (F1) on the growth responses of endangered Indian butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (pabda) stocked at 15% with 40% catla, 30% rohu and 15% mrigal in polyculture in stocking density of 4000 fingerlings/ha. Water and soil quality parameters were assessed on monthly intervals which showed normal variation among the treatments. The weight of the pabda during harvest was higher in F2 and F3 than F1; as a result, growth rate was higher in F2 and F3 than F1. Survival was highest in F2. The growth of carps was significantly improved in F2 and F3 except for mrigal in F2. Feed conversion ratio significantly lower in F2 and F3 when compared with F1. Benefit-cost ratio was lowest in F3. Overall, the pabda production was increased by 16.2% with F2 and 19.5% with F3. The study concluded that pabda perform better in polyculture with carps when feed supplemented with 30% protein feed.

Effects of supplementary feeding on interspecific dominance hierarchies in garden birds.

Individuals often differ in competitive ability, which can lead to the formation of a dominance hierarchy that governs differential access to resources. Previous studies of dominance have predominently focussed on within-species interactions, while the drivers of between-species competitive hierarchies are poorly understood. The increasing prevalence of predictable anthropogenic food subsidies, such as that provided by garden bird feeders, is likely to intensify between-species competition. However, the consequences for resource acquisition await detailed study, and in particular, whether competitive interactions are influenced by food quality is not known. Here, we examine competitive interactions amongst ten passerine species of birds utilising supplementary food sources of differing quality. We show that dominance rank is strongly predicted by body mass across species. Socially dominant, heavier species monopolised access to a food that had a relatively short handling time (sunflower hearts), spent longer on supplementary feeders, and pecked at lower rates. In contrast subordinate, lighter species were constrained to feed on a food that had a relatively long handling time (sunflower seeds with the hull intact). Our findings suggest that differences in body mass may result in between-species dominance hierarchies that place the heaviest species in the greatest control of supplementary feeding sites, gaining superior access to higher value foods. This may have important implications for the use of supplementary feeding as a conservation tool.

Effect of supplementary feeding on the growth and economics of feeding of kids under semi-arid conditions

A trial was conducted at KVK- Panchmahal, Gujarat, India, to assess the effect of supplementation of concentrate and mineral mixture on growth of goats under semi-arid field condition. Thirty Gohilwadi growing kids (3-4 month old) were randomly divided into three groups of ten each. Group T1 (goats kept under sole grazing), T2 (goats fed 150 g concentrate mixture), and T3 (goats fed 150 g concentrate mixture and 10 g mineral mixture in addition to grazing). The duration of experimental feeding was 90 days in all the groups. Total weight gain in T1, T2 and T3 group was 3.22±0.98, 6.36±0.42and 7.15±0.58 kg, respectively of experiment feeding after 90 days. Average daily gain (g) was 35.83±7.22, 70.66±4.67and 79.44±6.47 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The kids in supplemented group (T2 and T3) achieved significantly higher body weight (17.42±.0.49 and 18.55±0.66 kg.) than the non-supplemented group (14.52±0.96). The net return from group T2 and T3 was significantly higher as compared T1. It could be concluded that supplementary feeding of concentrate and mineral mixture to the growing goats improve the growth performance of goats.

Effect of supplementary feeding on growth of magra lambs in Arid Rajasthan

Effect of supplementary feeding on growth of magra lambs in Arid Rajasthan

Effect of supplementary feeding on Apis cerana F colony development at Katrain in Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh

Effect of supplementary feeding on <i>Apis cerana</i> F colony development at Katrain in Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh

Growth performance of growing kids under field conditions

The present on farm trial was conducted to assess the effect of supplementary feeding of locally made concentrate mixture on growth performance of kids under field condition. Eighteen healthy non-descript local male kids having body weight 4.73±0.12 kg (aged 3–4 m) were selected and randomly distributed into three equal groups viz. T1 (Control i.e. farmer's practice-only grazing), T2-Grazing plus supplementary feeding of locally made concentrate mixture, T3-Grazing plus supplementary feeding of locally made concentrate mixture + two times deworming. The control (T1) group was maintained solely on grazing for 5–6 hr on local grazing land, kids of T2 and T3 groups were fed locally made concentrate mixture @ 3% of body weight along with grazing for 150 d. An additional deworming of kids (T3) was done two times at 60 d interval. The results showed that the average daily gain (g/day) of goats were significantly (P 0.05) difference between T2 and T3 groups. Similarly, the dressing percent and meat yield of T2 (48% and 6.35 kg) and T3(48% and 6.56 kg) group was higher than T1(45% and 4.44 kg).Therefore, it was concluded that feeding of locally made concentrate mixture along with grazing improved growth performance in growing male kids.

Winter supplementary feeding influences forest soil seed banks and vegetation

AbstractQuestionTo what extent does winter supplementary feeding influence vegetation and soil seed banks in forest ecosystems?LocationBiałowieża Primaeval Forest, NE Poland.MethodsSeveral dozen feeding stations, each composed of one to several haystacks, are used in Białowieża Forest for supplementary winter feeding of European bison (Bison bonasus). We checked the species composition and availability of seeds in hay in 15 haystacks of the eight oldest feeding stations, which could be a potential source of seeds. Vegetation and soil seed bank were sampled on the overlapping 10 m × 10 m plots distributed along 500‐m long transects running south and north of the studied feeding stations. Seed content in the soil samples was studied by the seedling emergence method in an unheated greenhouse.ResultsWe revealed high dissimilarity of species composition of the hayseed, soil seed bank and standing vegetation. The dissimilarity between soil seed banks and standing vegetation increased with the distance from the haystack. The species richness of the standing vegetation was not affected by distance to the haystack, while seed bank species richness showed a significant negative correlation with distance. The mean weighted ecological indicator values of pH, light and soil fertility were negatively correlated with the distance from the haystack for the seed bank and the standing vegetation. The percentage of damaged bushes and juvenile trees was positively correlated with their density and decreased with the distance from the haystack.ConclusionsWe revealed distinct but local (25–50 m off the haystack) effect of supplementary feeding on the vegetation and soil seed banks of forest ecosystems. Taking into account the ecosystem approach to nature conservation, the winter feeding in forest ecosystems should be concentrated in few places to avoid the expansion of non‐native plant species in forest ecosystems. To prevent potential plant invasions, the origin of the hay used as supplementary winter fodder should be carefully selected, with a preference for local origin and making of hay of native plant species in the forest's meadows or in its surroundings.

The effect of dha omega-3 feeding in the high yielding holstein herd

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of supplementary feeding of DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) rich algae product (Algae STM Alltech Inc.) on production of milk, fat and protein as well as on reproduction of high yielding Holstein dairy herd. Field trial was set up on Top 10 dairy farm in western part of Slovakia, under commercial conditions. The data of high yielding dairy cows, separated in two groups of 30 (control) and 29 (trial) animals, were recorded for period of 3 subsequent months from October to December 2015. Animals were fed once a day Total Mixed Ration based diet with different feed mixture composition in trial group (+100 g Algae STM Alltech Inc. per cow and day). Performance data were collected in accordance with official milk recording system of Breeding Services of Slovak Republic s. e. and milk samples were collected once per month according to the A4 standard methodology. The control group showed higher level of milk production compared to trial. Our study indicated that the feeding of algae caused milk fat depression and generally lower protein content in milk. Significant impact of algae feeding was found also for the level of urea in milk. In addition, the supplementary feeding of DHA may represent effective strategy to increase the percentage of pregnancies per inseminations in lactating dairy cows.

How does supplementary feeding affect endoparasite infection in wild boar?

Supplementary feeding is widely used in game management but may aid the transmission of parasites. Firstly, feeding sites attract animals and may be regarded as high-risk areas for parasite transmission. Secondly, high host population densities resulting from and supported by supplementary feeding, as well as accumulation of parasites in the environment, may increase parasite prevalence. Our aim was to investigate whether host density or the number of feeding sites drives endoparasite infection in an Estonian wild boar (Sus scrofa) population. For this, we collected wild boar faeces from forests, and soil samples from supplementary feeding sites in central and south-eastern Estonia. The role of host density and number of feeding sites on both the risk and mean abundance of endoparasite infection was modelled using generalized linear models (GLM). The presence of biohelminths in faecal samples was associated with both wild boar and feeding site density, whereas the presence of Eimeria sp. oocysts in faecal samples was only associated with wild boar density. Helminth eggs were found more often from the soil of active and abandoned feeding sites than from control areas. This could reflect parasitic contamination or indicate that supplementary feeding sites are suitable habitat for soil-dwelling nematodes. These results suggest that the effects of supplementary feeding on parasite prevalence in wild boar are mediated by the characteristics of parasite life cycles.

Inoculative release strategies of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) in tomato crops: population dynamics and dispersal

Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key biological control agent in greenhouse tomato crops. In the present study, we describe the population dynamics of M. pygmaeus after release during two generations in semi-commercial greenhouses in order to optimize biocontrol programs. We tested the effect of the number of weekly supplementary food applications consisting of a mixture of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Artemia franciscana Kellogg in a tomato crop on population numbers of M. pygmaeus at low and high initial release densities of the predator. Also, the effect of supplementary feeding on the predator’s dispersal was studied. Larger population densities of M. pygmaeus were obtained when food was supplied for a longer period. However, we observed fruit damage by M. pygmaeus at high densities resulting from too frequent food applications. Also, dispersal was slowed down as the number of supplementary food applications increased. Distributing M. pygmaeus over more plants at release results in higher total population densities. The optimal inoculative release strategy of M. pygmaeus is a trade-off between high population densities and fruit damage, fast or slow dispersal throughout the greenhouse and the number of release plants and work/costs related to the supplementation of food. The optimal strategy to overcome negative effects like fruit damage, slow dispersal and potential cannibalism proved to be a weekly provision of supplementary food during 6–8 weeks, with an initial release density strategy of 20 M. pygmaeus adults per plant. These results contribute to a more sustainable tomato production. A reliable and efficient inoculative release strategy for the key predator M. pygmaeus enhances the biocontrol potential and is of great value for tomato growers.

The Lipid Composition of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in Croatia.

The composition of adipose tissue in brown bears (Ursus arctos) is highly variable and depends on an individual's feeding habits. Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may provide insight into brown bear feeding habits, for which data are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the lipid composition of SAT and variations in the composition of fatty substances with regard to gender and to assess SAT relative to season and body mass (BM) of brown bears in Croatia. Seventy-six tissue samples of brown bear SAT were analyzed in this study. We found that gender, season, and BM significantly affected the lipid composition of SAT. Both females and males had higher percentages of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in SAT in spring than in autumn, while the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was higher in autumn. The prevalence of MUFAs in SAT and the greater presence of PUFAs in autumn, together with the presence of odd-chain saturated fatty acids, indicate the importance of these fatty acids in brown bear physiology. We suggest that the lipid content of adipose tissue may provide valuable information on changes in brown bear condition in response to feeding habits and the effects of supplemental feeding.

Effect of Supplementary Feeding on the Performance of Ankole x Friesian Crossbred Calves Grazed on Natural Pastures

This is an open access article that can be retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/JAERI/2017/30366

Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Breeding Season Home Ranges and Resource Selection of Northern Bobwhites

Providing supplemental food resources for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginanus) has been a common management practice for decades, but its impact on bobwhite home ranges sizes and space use has been debated. Between 2001 and 2007, we established a 397 ha fed study area on Tall Timbers Research Station, which received grain sorghum biweekly along a 19.5 km feed trail. An adjacent 465 ha area was treated as a control with no supplemental food resources. Radio-tagged wild bobwhites were located 3 – 5 times each week throughout the breeding season and we used these locations to calculate home ranges during early breeding season (15 April – 30 June) and late breeding season (1 July – 1 October). We also determined second and third order selection of a 10-m buffer area surrounding the supplemental feed trail using compositional analyses. In total, 552 and 286 bobwhite home ranges were calculated for early and late breeding seasons, respectively. We observed significantly smaller early breeding season home ranges on the fed area (x̄ = 12.3 ha, 95% CL ± 0.6) relative to the control (x̄ = 17.4 ha ± 1.9). Average length of feed trail within home ranges was 583 m and 710 m for early and late breeding season home ranges, respectively. The feed trail buffer area was 3 to 5% of all home ranges. Home range placement was not random with high selection preference for the feed trail buffer area. However, there was a low selection preference for the feed trail buffer area within home ranges. Average distances to the feed trail for bobwhite locations (x̄ = 64.4 m ± 16.1) was similar to random locations (x̄ = 74.4 m ± 16.9). The effect of supplemental feeding on bobwhite home ranges size and resource use was greatest during the early breeding season when food and useable habitat were likely lower in availability. On our study area, supplemental food resources distributed along a feed trail impacted bobwhites during a critical transition period from the spring prescribed burning season to the early breeding season.

Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Northern Bobwhite Populations in South Texas

During 1985–87, the effects of supplemental feeding on northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations were studied on 4 paired sites, representing a cross-section of soils, vegetation, and hunting pressure in south Texas. Whole milo was provided from late fall–March. Feeding increased winter survival of birds on deep sand sites (225–245%), but not on red sandy loam or clay sites. Feeding did not improve reproductive success on any of the study sites. Most birds collected had milo in their crops and there was a tendency to find birds close to feeders more often than at random points. The study demonstrated that supplemental feeding can increase survival if food is limiting, however, data suggested feeding was not effective when habitat structure was inappropriate, or when food was not limiting.

Effect of supplementary feeding on haemato-biochemical and wool characters of magra lambs in hot arid zone

Effect of supplementary feeding on haemato-biochemical and wool characters of magra lambs in hot arid zone

Effect of Supplemental Feeding on Winter Diet and Body Mass of Northern Bobwhites

Supplemental feeding by spreading grain is a common management practice on private lands managed for northern bobwhites (Colinus viginianus), but its effect on diet of bobwhites is not well documented. We examined crop contents from 160 northern bobwhites collected in January and February of 2002 and 2003 from Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, and Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, GA. Sorghum seed (Sorghum vulgare) was spread bi-weekly on approximately half of each study area along a dedicated feed trail through the cover. Dry mass of crop contents from harvested bobwhites averaged 2.51g (SE = 0.171) and was composed primarily of seeds ( Χ = 2.44 g; SE = 0.171), with minor invertebrate (Χ = 0.052g; SE = 0.021) and vegetation (Χ = 0.016g; SE = 0.004) matter. Dry mass of crop contents for bobwhites averaged 2.94 g (SE = 0.280) for birds from fed sites and 2.09g (SE = 0.187) from reference sites. On fed sites 67.5% of bobwhites had used sorghum and sorghum accounted 71% of food items by weight. Diet varied annually, primarily with changing use of acorn, (Quercus spp.) pine (Pinus spp.) mast, and partridge pea (Cassia spp.). Adult bobwhites captured in January averaged 169.9g (SE = 0.970; n = 181) on reference sites and 174.8g (SE = 0.896; n = 237) on fed sites. Supplemental feeding by spreading sorghum was an effective method of providing seeds with high metabolizable energy to bobwhites.

Evaluation of urea molasses multinutrient block supplementation in beetal cross goats

To assess the effect of supplementary feeding of urea molasses multi-nutrient blocks (UMMB) enriched with area- specific mineral mixture on body weight gain, haematology and mineral status, 12 growing Beetal cross goats were divided into Gr I (control) and II (UMMB supplemented @ 50g/day). The difference in body weight was not significantly different between Gr.I and Gr.II. Non-significant changes were observed in haemoglobin and packed cell volume. Significant (P<0.05) improvement was observed in phosphorus, magnesium and zinc levels in supplemented group.

Malnutrition and Mortality among Children in India:Need to Revisit ICDS Programme

This paper examines the recent trends in infant and child mortality and malnutrition levels in India, first nationally and with a study of four selected states. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are among the better-developed states while Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are less developed. While mortality levels among children have declined significantly in all the states, a corresponding decline in malnutrition levels was not apparent. India's ICDS programme is the world's largest programme of its kind. One of its major objectives is to meet the nutritional needs of children from six months to six years through supplemental feeding in the Anganwadi Centres. This paper analyzes components of the ICDS programme including budgetary provisions to determine the extent to which the programme has been successful in reducing malnutrition. The study first analyzed state-level and then district level data in Tamil Nadu. Household-level data from NFHS-3 showed that while there is good nutritional impact on the beneficiary children, a corresponding impact on the population is not seen. This means large numbers of malnourished children are added to this group every year which neutralizes the positive effects of supplemental feeding.