Effects Of Spirulina Platensis Research Articles

Effect of Spirulina platensis on Textural, Sensory and Some Physicochemical Characteristics in Gluten-free Functional Biscuit Production

Effect of Spirulina platensis on Textural, Sensory and Some Physicochemical Characteristics in Gluten-free Functional Biscuit Production

Effect of Spirulina platensis on probiotic, nutritional, and quality properties of yogurt

The present work was carried out to investigate the changes in the microbiological, physicochemical, textural sensory properties, and antioxidant profile of probiotic yogurt enriched with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%) of Spirulina platensis. Results indicated that when the amount of S. platensis was increased, there was a corresponding increase in water retention ability. This could have been attributed to a significant increase in fibre content (p < 0.05). The ratio of the soluble/insoluble dietary fibre of the yogurt samples depended on the concentration of algae. Towards the end of storage, there was a decrease in pH which resulted from the combined effect of the starter culture and probiotics working together. The amounts of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis increased in groups with S. platensis throughout storage, which is essential for a product to possess probiotic properties. In the sensory evaluation, group D which contained 1% (w/v) Spirulina was ranked as the most preferred. Additionally, this group exhibited the highest DPPH activity. The addition of Spirulina to yogurt had a significant impact on its quality characteristics, and exhibited potent prebiotic properties.

The effects of Spirulina platensis on behavior in adolescent rats fed a high-fat diet.

In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become a universal public health problem. Obesity may lead to cognitive disorders, depression and anxiety by affecting neuronal processes. Spirulina platensis (SP), a species of microalgae from the Chlorophyceae green algae class, has neuroprotective effects and may reduce body weight. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SP on behavior alongside the role of leptin and Sirtuin-1 in fed with high-fat diet (HFD) adolescent rats. Four-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD + SP150 (150 mg/kg/day SP, orally), HFD + SP450 (450 mg/kg/day SP, orally). Rats except for the control group exposed to 60% HFD along 12 weeks. Last 6 weeks SP or vehicle administered. After the behavioral tests, leptin and Sirtuin-1 levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions were evaluated. SP150 significantly reduced body weight compared with HFD group. The time spent in the center of open field increased significantly in SP150-treated rats compared with HFD. SP150 and SP450 significantly decreased immobility time in forced swim test compared with HFD. Leptin levels in HFD group were significantly lower in prefrontal cortex compared to control group. Leptin levels of the HFD + SP450 group were significantly higher than HFD group in the hippocampus. There was no significant difference between groups in Sirtuin-1 levels. In conclusion, SP supplementation in adolescence period might positively affect chronic high fat-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior by partially affecting brain leptin levels and without affecting Sirtuin-1 levels.

The Effect of Spirulina platensis and Atonik Growth Regulator in Inducing the Resistance of Several Varieties of Grape Bushes Against the Helicopter leaf virus Grapevine fanleaf virus

The study aimed to find out the effect of Spirulina platensis and growth regulator Atonik on the Grapevine fanleaf virus where it gave indicators of effect against the virus or induced the resistance of the plant against the virus. The treatment of the moss S. platensis + Atonik gave more efficiency in reducing the percentage and severity of the infection where it reached in the two qualities 48.88% and 51.55% respectively compared to the control treatment, which reached 100% in the rate of infection and in the severity of the infection 81.77%, The interference treatment between S. platensis + Atonik also gave the highest rate of peroxidase enzyme where the enzyme rate was 4.48 mg / protein compared to the proper comparison treatment in which the enzyme rate was 0.48 mg / protein, the treatment with S. platensis + Atonik moss in the characteristic of leaf area and chlorophyll scale gave the highest effect ratio (+) with 68.74 cm and 35.01 spad respectively

Effect of Spirulina platensis on the biochemical profile and growth performance of common carp

Effect of Spirulina platensis on the biochemical profile and growth performance of common carp

Microalgae play a structuring role in food: Effect of spirulina platensis on the rheological, gelling characteristics, and mechanical properties of soy protein isolate hydrogel

Soy protein isolate (SPI) is a nutritional commercial product, while the poor solubility and mechanical properties restrict its applications to functional foods. As a biological resource, spirulina platensis is considered promising functional food component due to its balanced composition and various nutritional components. What's more, microalgae and their biopolymers are found to be structuring ingredients in food. Thus, in this study, the processed spirulina platensis was proposed to improve the rheological properties and mechanical properties of SPI hydrogel. The gel strength, hardness, and storage modulus of SPI gel can be significantly improved by adding spirulina platensis suspensions treated by pre-thermal and high-speed shearing homogenization. After food processing, cell wall polysaccharides of spirulina platensis were dissolved, which will be filled in the three-dimensional network of SPI hydrogel and increased physical interactions. Furthermore, the addition of spirulina platensis increases the content of β-sheet, thus improving the hardness and compactness of the SPI hydrogel structure. Overall, the successful synthesis of SPI-sp hydrogel provides a new idea for the food application of microalgae, which means that spirulina platensis can not only be ingested as a health product in the form of powder but also play a unique role in improving food texture as a structural component.

Ameliorative Effect of Spirulina Platensis against Cadmium Toxicity in Broiler Chickens

Ameliorative Effect of Spirulina Platensis against Cadmium Toxicity in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Spirulina platensis and kelp biomass addition on the fatty acid composition of wheat bread

Effect of Spirulina platensis and kelp biomass addition on the fatty acid composition of wheat bread

Green Synthesis of SP-SeNPs as Promising Antioxidant Agent and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitor

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and antioxidant effect of Spirulina platensis containing selenium nanoemulsion nanoparticles (SP-SeNPs). The SP-SeNPs were prepared and characterized to find mean particle size and zeta potential to evaluate the possible lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory as well as antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Different antioxidant tests were employed, namely, reducing power, chelating activity on Fe2+, free radical-scavenging and total antioxidant activities. The obtained results showed that the shapes of SP-SeNPs were spherical and the mean particle size was 39.86 ± 0.14 nm and negative zeta potential was +33.14. The SP-SeNP at 60 ppm and epicatechin (100 ppm) produce the same ratio of inhibition 18%. However, lipoprotein lipase activity was increased to less than 20 and 27 % at 80 and 100 ppm SP-SeNPs. Also, the present results indicate that the SP-SeNPs at concentration of 80 and 100 ppm showed inhibitory effects more than epicatechin (100 ppm) against pancreatic lipase activity. However, the reducing power of SP-SeNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and α-tocopherol decreased in the order of BHA> SP-SeNPs >BHT > α-tocopherol. The chelating activity of samples increased with increasing incubation times with FeCl2. However, the chelating activity of SP-SeNPs of 1.50 mg/mL was nearly equal to EDTA at 0.037 mg/mL (43.67%) for an incubation time of 60 min. This indicates that the chelation property of the samples on Fe2+ ions may afford protection against oxidative damage. The SP-SeNPs of 6 mg/mL had the highest radical scavenging activity when compared with 0.6 mg/mL Trolox. The antioxidant activity of SP-SeNPs and both standards decreased in the order of SP-SeNPs > α-tocopherol > Trolox > BHA > BHT. The results suggested that the inhibitory activity of SP-SeNPs is closely related to the tertiary structural change in lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase. Also, the antioxidant activity of SP-SeNPs could be due to presence of carotenoids, ω-3 or ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, γ-linolenic acid, sulpholipides, glycolipids, potassium, zinc and selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E and a variety of minerals.

Combined use of Spirulina platensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Implication on growth, blood profile and intestinal morphology and bacteria of the Indonesian crossbred chickens

Abstract. Sugiharto S, Atmaja BM, Widiastuti E, Hadiyanto H. 2021. Combined use of Spirulina platensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Implication on growth, blood profile and intestinal morphology and bacteria of the Indonesian crossbred chickens. Biodiversitas 23: 160-165. The effects of Spirulina platensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on poultry growth and health have long been known. However, no research has been conducted on the combined use of these substances on the Indonesian crossbred chicken (ICC). This study evaluated how the combined use of S. platensis and S. cerevisiae affected ICC growth, blood profile, and intestinal ecology. A total of 288 ICC were separated into three groups, including CONT (basic diet), SP (diet with 0.3% S. platensis), and SPSC (diet with 0.3% S. platensis and 0.2% S. cerevisiae). Blood and intestinal content and segments were taken at week 9, while growth was determined weekly. SP had greater (p<0.05) body weight than CONT, but did not differ from SPSC. In SP, ileal coliform counts were lower (p=0.07) than in CONT. SPSC had lower (p=0.07) caecal Enterobacteriaceae counts than other groups. Blood profile, intestinal morphology, organ weight, and carcass traits did not vary (p>0.05) across the ICC. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of S. platensis improved growth performance and bacterial population of the ICC.

Potential Protective Effect of Spirulina Platensis on Sodium Arsenite Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Rats

ABSTRACT Background: Sodium arsenite is a dangerous bio-accumulative poison affecting a large number of people as well as animals throughout the world. It is used clinically in the treatment of certain medical conditions, but due to its harmful damage to different tissues and mainly the cardiotoxicity, its medical application is limited. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of spirulina on cardiotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite biochemically and histologically. Methods: 30 young adult male albino rats were randomly equally divided into three groups 10 animals each. Group I (control), Group II Arsenic intoxicated (10 mg/kg/day/ 4 weeks), Group III spirulina protected animals (concomitant sodium arsenite 10 mg/kg/day/ 4 weeks and spirulina 200 mg/kg/day/ 4 weeks). Results: It was evident from the study that arsenic exposure exerted a significant increase in cardiac enzyme levels, serum creatine kinase MB (CKMB) and troponin. Concomitant treatment with spirulina is considerably recovered their serum levels. Histological alterations associated with arsenite treated animals are significantly decreased after using spirulina. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that use of spirulina could alleviate the toxic effects on the heart following exposure to arsenic toxicity.

Enhancing the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens by Adding Spirulina platensis Compared with Probiotic, Prebiotics, and Oxytetracycline

This study was conducted in order to find out the effect of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) algae mixed with drinking water (2%) on the production performance of broiler chickens infected with or without Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and compare it with the effects of probiotics (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casi, L. reuteri, and Bacillus subtillis), prebiotics (containing antioxidants and a group of vitamins) as well as oxytetracycline. The experiment included 350 one day old (Ross-308) broiler chicks, randomly divided into 7 groups by 50 chicks per group for 35 days. The groups were divided as follows: T1: infected experimentally with E. faecalis only, T2: treated with S. platensis, T3: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with 2% S. platensis, T4: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with probiotic, T5: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with prebiotic, T6: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with oxytetracycline, and T7: control group without any addition. Weekly live body weight and weekly body weight gain were measured as well as weekly feed intake and feed conversion rate for broiler chickens were estimated. The current study proved that S. platensis algae added to drinking water (2%) in T2 and T3 groups had caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the weekly live body weight and weekly body weight gain, Spirulina also caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in weekly feed intake and feed conversion rate for broiler chickens. Therefore, S. platensis could be a suitable alternative to some feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics in addition to the ability of Spirulina to reduce the symptoms of E. faecalis.

Effect of Spirulina platensis and Azolla nilotica as feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant enzymes and fecundity of Oreochromis niloticus

Effect of Spirulina platensis and Azolla nilotica as feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant enzymes and fecundity of Oreochromis niloticus

Effect of Spirulina platensis and Kelp algae on the content of thiamine and riboflavin in wheat bread

Effect of Spirulina platensis and Kelp algae on the content of thiamine and riboflavin in wheat bread

Effects of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris on the Immune System and Reproduction of Fish

This review briefly highlights previous studies on the effects of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris on the health and reproduction of fish. These microalgae have diverse potentials. This study can be used as a stepping stone in advancing the aquafeed industry by formulating microalgae-based feeds. It can be made to specifically enhanced the health status of fish and its reproductive system through the supplementation and/or replacement of fishmeal or other plant proteins such as soybean meal. Hence, it could be more sustainable than depending on natural fish stocks. The usage of antibiotics and vaccines to solve the issue of disease outbreak in aquaculture, as well as the usage of hormones for the growth and reproduction of fish, can also be replaced by the usage of S. platensis and C. vulgaris. The inclusion of these microalgae in fish feed has affected hemathological parameters and survival in fish as it boosts the numbers of white and red blood cells and thus affecting the immunity-stimulating capacity in fish. Besides, these microalgae also affect the fecundity and survival of fish eggs and thus directly affecting the reproduction performance of fish. Spirulina platensis affects eggs production and survival in fish whereas C. vulgaris enhances oxidative stress that affects the reproduction of White rabbits. This review aimed to deliver the results on the research of S. platensis and C. vulgaris on the immunity and reproduction of various fish species.

Effect of Spirulina platensis and kelp on the antioxidant activity of wheat bread

Effect of Spirulina platensis and kelp on the antioxidant activity of wheat bread

Effects of Spirulina platensis and Amphora coffeaeformis as dietary supplements on blood biochemical parameters, intestinal microbial population, and productive performance in broiler chickens.

Spirulina platensis (Sp) or Amphora coffeaeformis (Am) are good candidates as an in-feed antibiotic substitute for broilers. This work was performed to investigate the effects of Sp and Am on the growth performance, intestinal microbial population, physiological responses, and blood biochemical constituents in broiler chickens. Fifty-one-day old Cobb broilers (with initial body weights 50-55g) were allocated to five groups. Each treatment group had five replicate pens with two birds each. The experiments lasted for 35days. The 1st group had basal diet (control group). The 2nd and 3rd groups received basal diet, along with 5- or 10-g/kg Sp as a feed ingredient, respectively. While the 4th and 5th groups received basal diet, along with 5- or 10-g/kg Am as a feed ingredient, respectively. Data analysis revealed significantly higher body weight gains (P ≤ 0.05) with higher Sp or Am levels and, in turn, linear improvements (P ≤ 0.05) in feed conversion values. In addition, intestinal Lactobacillus sp. was increased, and Escherichia coli populations were decreased by both dietary Sp levels or Am levels. Furthermore, the liver (% body weight) was significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) and the heart (% body weight) was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) with higher Sp or Am levels in comparison with untreated control. In conclusion, dietary inclusion with 10g/kg of Sp and Am could improve the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbial population in broiler chickens.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS ON FETAL LIVER OF MICE WITH ACUTE FATTY LIVER OF PREGNANCY

Objective: The protective effect of Spirulina platensis on the fetal liver of mice with acute fatty liver of pregnancy was investigated.
 Methods: Small female mice were divided into four groups: A control group with a standard diet, a high-fat diet to induce liver steatosis, a high-fat diet plus Spirulina, and a high-fat diet plus Simvastatin given through gavage to protect the liver against steatosis. After 2 months, the female mice became pregnant by polygamy method at the same time they were treated by different diets. On day 17, the fetuses were removed by C-section, and histological studies were carried out on their livers.
 Results: The results showed a significant decrease in liver steatosis in the group treated by Spirulina compared with the other groups (p<0.05). The fatty liver of pregnancy could lead to liver failure and death in both mother and fetus, and medications like Simvastatin that is used for the treatment of fatty liver are harmful to the fetus. However, Spirulina shows a positive effect on the treatment of both fetus and mother.
 Conclusions: The results of this study show that Spirulina is an effective medical supplement in the treatment of fatty liver of pregnancy.

Effects of Spirulina platensis on insulin secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and both carbohydrate digestion and absorption indicate potential as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes.

Spirulina platensis has been found to be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of ethanol extract and butanol fraction of S. platensis on insulin release and glucose homoeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats, together with their mechanism of actions. In vitro and in vivo methods were used including cellular studies to determine potential role of ion channels and cAMP in the insulinotropic actions of the extracts. The ethanol extract and butanol fraction stimulated insulin release from mouse islets and pancreatic β-cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The butanol fraction also similarly stimulated insulin release from perfused rat pancreas. The insulin-releasing action was augmented by glucose, isobutylmethylxanthine, tolbutamide and a depolarising concentration of KCl. The insulin secretory effect was attenuated with diazoxide and verapamil and by omission of extracellular Ca2+. Butanol fraction was found to significantly inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity. Moreover, butanol fraction improved glucose tolerance following oral glucose administration (2·5 g/kg body weight (b.w.)). The butanol fraction was tested on 24 h starved rats given an oral sucrose load (2·5 g/kg b.w.) to examine possible effects on carbohydrate digestion and absorption. S. platensis substantially decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia after oral sucrose load and increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut. During in situ intestinal perfusion with glucose, the butanol fraction reduced glucose absorption and promoted gut motility. Finally, chronic oral administration of butanol fraction for 28 d significantly decreased blood glucose, increased plasma insulin, pancreatic insulin stores, liver glycogen and improved lipid profile. The characterisation of active compounds from butanol fraction revealed the presence of p-coumaric acid, β-carotene, catechin and other antioxidant polyphenols. In conclusion, S. platensis could be an adjunctive therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Functional and sensorial properties of cookies enriched with SPIRULINA and DUNALIELLA biomass.

The effects of Spirulina platensis and Dunaliella salina biomass (1% and 2%) on formulated cookies were studied. Colour, hardness, moisture content, ash content, protein content, lipid content, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity by CUPRAC were assessed, and a sensory evaluation of the cookies was performed. The results show that the cookies baked with added Spirulina were significantly harder and darker than the controls, and the Dunaliella addition did not affect the protein content as much as the Spirulina addition, but the effect on moisture content was significantly positive. Additionally, higher total phenolic content and CUPRAC values were found for the Dunaliella-enriched cookies. After the sensory evaluation, the Dunaliella-enriched cookies were more acceptable to consumers.