Effect Of Specific Immunotherapy Research Articles

Effect of specific immunotherapy on plasma interleukin 13 and 8 levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Effect of specific immunotherapy on plasma interleukin 13 and 8 levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Effect of specific immunotherapy on plasma interleukin 13 and 8 levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Effect of specific immunotherapy on plasma interleukin 13 and 8 levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Effect of immunotherapy on T lymphocyte subsets, FOXP3 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in children with allergic asthma

Purpose: To study the effect of specific immunotherapy on T lymphocyte subsets, FOXP3 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in children with allergic asthma (AA).
 Methods: 57 AA children were selected and received the allergen specific immunotherapy, thereafter, the T lymphocyte subsets, FOXP3 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were measured at three time points, before treatment, after 1yr and 2yr of treatment. Then the clinical efficacy after 2yr was recorded.
 Results: The pre- and post- treatment percentages of CD4 + CD25 + T cells in CD4 + T cells had no difference (P>0.05). The proportion of CD4 + CD25 high T cells in CD4 + T was significantly increased after 1yr and 2yr of treatment (P<0.05), the difference between that after 1yr and 2yr of treatment was not significant. The relative expression of FOXP3 at three time points in a descending order was after 1yr, 2yr of treatment and pre-treatment (P<0.05). The relative IFN-γ expression after 1yr of treatment increased and returned to pre-treatment level after 2yr of treatment; IL-4 expression levels decreased as the treatment time extended; The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio at three time points in a descending order was after 1yr, 2yr of treatment and pretreatment (P<0.05). The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the children increased significantly as treatment time extended (P<0.05), and became stable after 1yr and 2yr of treatment, while the concentration of IL-4 showed a decrease trend (P<0.05), also tended to be stable after 1yr and 2yr of treatment. The clinical efficacy after 2yr of treatment was 87.72%.
 Conclusion: This study has revealed that FOXP3, IFN-γ, and IL-4 have significant roles FOXP3 in the process of specific immunotherapy for children with allergic asthma. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism.

Assessment of Toxic and Immunoadjuvant Properties of Nanocomposites

Introduction. The current direction in medicine is the creation of immunobiological preparations to increase the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis, containing immunomodulators in their composition. These natural or synthetic substances can have a regulating effect on the immune system. At present, water-soluble organic-inorganic polymeric materials with nanoparticles of various chemical substances with bactericidal and immunomodulating properties can serve as such promising compounds.The aimof the work is to study the acute toxicity of polymer nanocomposites based on 1-vinil-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone with silver, gold and selenium nanoparticles and their effect on the functional state of immune system cells in vitro.Materials and methods.The study of acute toxicity was performed on outbred white mice. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. The study of spontaneous and nanocomposite-induced production of pro- (interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-4) cytokines by blood cells was carried out using clinical material obtained from volunteers using the ELISA method. Results. It has been established that nanocomposites with silver and gold nanoparticles do not cause the death of white mice, their temperature increase and body weight decrease. The average lethal dose for a nanocomposite with selenium nanoparticles was determined as 1 gram per 1 kilogram of animal mass. It was shown that the tested nanocomposites have a stimulating effect on the production of cytokines by human blood cells in vitro. It was established that a nanocomposite with selenium nanoparticles increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. A comparative analysis of their actions with the actions of commercial preparations of biological origin, with immunomodulatory properties.Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to substantiate the need for further research on the effects of nanocomposites based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone with silver, gold and selenium nanoparticles on the macroorganism in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Glycosphopeptical and Specific Immunotherapy Effect in Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) following exposure of the nasal mucosa to an allergen. Glycophosphopeptical (GFP) is a molecule composed of polysaccharides of fungal origin and proteins of vegetal origin, adsorbed in an inorganic phosphate-sulfate-calcium matrix, stimulates the innate immunity, during infectious processes.

ACTION OF 1-VINYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE COPOLYMER WITH N-VINYLPIROLIDONE AND METAL-CONTAINING NANOCOMPOSITES ON FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

The creation of immuno-biological drugs to increase the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis is a current trend in medicine to date. Therefore, the search and development of new safe and effective artificial bioorganic complexes (immunomodulators) capable of stimulating individual responses of immune system to reduce infectious morbidity is an important area of research. At the moment, such promising preparations can be considered water-soluble polymeric materials and organo-inorganic polymer nanocomposites with nanoparticles of various metals which possess immunomodulating and bactericidal properties. The study results of the effects of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone and nanocomposites based on it with gold and silver nanoparticles on acute toxicity and functional state of immunophagocytic cells of experimental animals, as well as the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 by human blood lymphocytes are represented in this article. It was established that the tested preparations do not cause increase in body temperature, decrease in mass and death of animals. It was shown that they also have the multidirectional action on cytokine production by human blood cells in vitro, the ability to increase activity of оxidative stress-related enzymes and antioxidant protection of phagocytes. The data obtained by us allow to explain the need for further investigation of the actions of nanocomposites and copolymer in vitro and in vivo.

Clinical Outcomes of Specific Immunotherapy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Specific immunotherapies, including vaccines with autologous tumor cells and tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies, are important treatments for PC patients. To evaluate the clinical outcomes of PC-specific immunotherapy, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant published clinical trials. The effects of specific immunotherapy were compared with those of nonspecific immunotherapy and the meta-analysis was executed with results regarding the overall survival (OS), immune responses data, and serum cancer markers data. The pooled analysis was performed by using the random-effects model. We found that significantly improved OS was noted for PC patients utilizing specific immunotherapy and an improved immune response was also observed. In conclusion, specific immunotherapy was superior in prolonging the survival time and enhancing immunological responses in PC patients.

Effects of specific immunotherapy on the expression levels of serum IL-17,IL-35 and Treg/Th17 regulatory T cellsin patients with allergic rhinitis caused by dermatophagoides

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of sublingual immunotherapy on the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and the expression of IL-17 and IL-35 in serum of allergic rhinitis(AR) in pre-specific and post-specific immunotherapy.Method:In this study,30 cases were randomly selected from outpatients of otolaryngological department in the second hospital of Hebei Medical university.These were attributed as pretherapy group.After treatment,the same patients were as renamed as the post-therapy group.Another 30 cases were healthy subjects enrolled from physical examination branch of our hospital.We detected the expression level of IL-35 and IL-17 in peripheral blood by using ELISA and defeced CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ T cell and CD4⁺ IL-17⁺ T cell expression level via flow cytometry.Result:The expression level of IL-17 in pre therapy group was obviously higher than that in control group(P<0.05);The expression level of IL-17 in post therapy group was obviously lower than that in pre-therapy group,The difference was a statistically significance(t=5.030,P<0.05);The expression level of IL-17 in post therapy group was also higher than that in control group(P <0.05 ).The expression level of IL-35 in pre-therapy group was obviously lower than that in control group(P<0.05);The expression level of IL-35 in post therapy was obviously higher than that in pre-therapy group;The difference was a statistically significance (t=-4.083,P<0.05),the expression level of IL-35 in post therapy group was also lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cell in CD4⁺ T cell was significant lower in pre therapy group than that in control group (P<0.05);The percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cell in CD4+ T cell in post therapy was obviously higher than that in pre therapy group;The difference was a statistically significance(t=-10.584,P<0.05),The percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cell in CD4⁺ T cell was also lower in post therapy group than that in control group (P<0.05 ).The percentage of CD4⁺IL17⁺ T cell in CD4⁺ T cell was significant higher in pre therapy group than that in control group (P<0.05);The percentage of CD4⁺IL-17⁺ T cell in CD4⁺ T cell in post therapy group was obviously lower than that in pre therapy group.The difference was a statistically significance (t=6.258,P<0.05).The percentage of CD4⁺IL-17⁺ T cell in CD4⁺ T cell was also higher in post therapy group than that in control group (P<0.05 ).Conclusion:Specific immunotherapy can have an impact on the expression levels of IL-17,IL-35 and also on Treg/Th17 cells balance in peripheral blood for patients with allergic rhinitis.

Long‐term Efficacy of Specific Immunotherapy on House Dust Mite–Induced Allergic Rhinitis in China

Although the effect of specific immunotherapy (SIT) on allergic rhinitis (AR) has been well documented in developed countries, its long-term efficacy in patients in developing countries (such as China) is poorly understood. This study investigated the long-term therapeutic and preventive effects of SIT on house dust mite (HDM)-induced AR in patients from China. Historical cohort study. University hospital. One hundred forty-six AR patients with/without asthma allergic to HDM were investigated for 5 years after initiation of a 3-year course of subcutaneous SIT (SIT group, n = 106) or no SIT (control group, n = 40). The clinical responses of all patients were evaluated at baseline, the stop point of SIT (third year), and 2 years after SIT termination (fifth year), by clinical index including symptom and rescue medication scores (SMS), visual analog scale (VAS), total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), and specific IgE (sIgE). Asthma was assessed by clinical evaluation. The decrease of SMS and VAS from baseline was significantly improved in the SIT group compared with controls at both the third and fifth year. For patients without asthma at baseline, the odds ratio for no asthma was 3.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-12.91; P < .05) in favor of SIT. The serum sIgE/tIgE ratio was significantly increased after SIT treatment in the SIT group, but it was not related to SIT efficacy. SIT has a long-term effect of improving clinical symptoms and reducing the risk of development of asthma in Chinese AR patients.

Atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis - do co-effects in therapy exist?

Atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis frequently appear together in the same patients. The pathogenesis of both disorders is complex and still incompletely understood. Nevertheless, pathophysiological overlaps suggest the existence of potential therapeutic co-effects. While data pointing towards a positive effect of allergen elimination for both diseases is still limited, there is now increasing evidence showing beneficial effects of specific immunotherapy in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and additional type I allergies. H(1)-antihistamines were also found to exert moderate positive effects on the symptoms of atopic dermatitis in single studies. In summary, a limited therapeutic co-effect of the above mentioned treatment options can be expected in case of the parallel existence of atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis in the same patient. More studies on this issue during the next years are desirable. In addition, a better understanding of the pathophysiology should have a positive impact on the treatment of atopic manifestations such as atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.

488 The Effect of Specific Immunotherapy on the Clinical Response in Patients with Grass-pollen Induced Rhinoconjunctivitis

BackgroundSpecific immunotherapy (SIT) has a significant potential in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of specific immunotherapy (SIT) in patients with grass-pollen induced allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis.MethodsTwenty-six patients with pollen induced rhinoconjunctivitis and positive history for more than 2 years were included in our study. They had skin prick test of ≥ 5 mm, age range from 18 to 44 years and all underwent conjunctiva provocation tests before and after 1 year of SIT. Clinical severity score of nasal and conjunctiva symptoms during the season was assessed by 4-point arbitrary rating scale from 0 to 3. Conjunctiva provocations were performed out of the season until allergic symptoms occurred, achieving the allergen threshold dose (ATD).ResultsAfter 1 year of SIT, we have noticed reduction of clinical symptoms present in allergic conjunctivitis: burning, itching, lacrimation and hyperemia (P < 0,05). We have found also reduction in clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis: secretion, irritation, itching and nasal blockade (P < 0,01). The patients tolerated significantly higher allergen doses in provocation tests after 1 year of SIT, reaching new ATD.ConclusionsSIT reduces the clinical symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and modifies the inflammatory response after specific allergen challenge.

Update on in vitro allergy diagnostics

Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) have become of growing importance in clinical investigation of IgE-mediated allergies. This review updates the current use of CRD in respiratory allergies (e. g. to pollen, animal dander, mites, latex), as well as in allergies to hymenoptera venom or in food allergies to plants (e. g. Bet v 1 homologues, lipid transfer proteins, storage proteins) or to animal-derived food allergens (e. g. milk, meat, fish). CRD may help to elucidate the clinical relevance of an allergic sensitization. In some cases, CRD may also be useful in predicting either severity of clinical reactions or the therapeutic effect of specific immunotherapy.

The Effect of Specific Immunotherapy on Natural Killer T cells in Peripheral Blood of House Dust Mite-Sensitized Children with Asthma

To investigate the effects of specific immunotherapy on the NKT cells in peripheral blood and the ability of NKT cells to proliferate in response to alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) in house-dust-mite- (HDM-) sensitized asthma children, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 42 asthmatic children, of whom 24 were on specific immunotherapy (SIT) for more than a year and 20 were healthy. Compared with control group, the ratio of peripheral blood NKT and CD4+NKT cells was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and was elevated in SIT asthma group (P < 0.05), respectively, but it was still less than the normal control group (P < 0.01). The level of IL-4 in serum secreted by NKT cells in asthma group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01), particularly apparent after 72 hours. The level of IL-4 in SIT group decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The level of IL-10 in serum secreted by NKT cells in asthma group was decreased significantly than that of the control group (P < 0.01) especially in 48 hours, while that of SIT group was increased significantly (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the pathogenesis of asthma may be related to the ratio and dysfunction of NKT and CD4+NKT cells.

Activation of the Non-canonical Nf-kb Pathway by CTLA4-Ig Potentiates the Beneficial Effects of Specific Immunotherapy in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma

Activation of the Non-canonical Nf-kb Pathway by CTLA4-Ig Potentiates the Beneficial Effects of Specific Immunotherapy in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma

Effect of specific immunotherapy on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in asthmatic children

There is no general agreement among investigators regarding the effect of specific immunotherapy (SIT) on T-cell reactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha of children with allergic asthma before and after 3 and 12 months of SIT. Additionally, after 12 months of SIT, we investigated the bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The secondary end points were clinical parameters. Thirty-two children with moderate asthma allergic to house-dust mites (study group) and 10 healthy children (control group) participated in this trial. At each visit blood samples were drawn from all asthmatic patients and at the prestudy visit in controls for determination of parameters. All asthmatic patients received SIT. At the second study visit, baseline spirometry and methacholine challenge tests were performed. Serum TNF-alpha during SIT tended to increase after 3 months with respect to baseline, whereas after 12 months of SIT, serum TNF-alpha decreased. The correlation coefficient (r) between the changes in TNF-alpha values between 3 and 12 months of SIT and provocative concentrations of methacholine to cause a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC20M) after 12 months of SIT was positive (r = 0.76; p < 0.0001); the greater the changes in TNF-alpha level, the higher the PC20. No modification of IL-1beta and IL-6 was observed. Clinical symptoms also improved after 12 months of SIT in children with asthma. In summary, our results showed the variations in serum levels of TNF-alpha during SIT in asthmatic children and confirm anti-inflammatory properties of SIT.

Beneficial effects of specific immunotherapy against asthma development observed for many years

Beneficial effects of specific immunotherapy against asthma development observed for many years

Effects of Specific Immunotherapy on the B7 Family of Costimulatory Molecules in Allergic Inflammation

The effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) on Ag presentation and T lymphocyte stimulation was evaluated by verifying the expression of costimulatory molecules in allergic patients. Thus, CD28 and CTLA-4, B7, and B7-H molecules on immune cells, as well as cytokine production, were analyzed in and out of the pollination period in 30 patients allergic to Betulaceae that had or had nor undergone specific IT. Results showed that IT attenuated the increase in the percentage of CD28(+)CD4 T cells and the decrease in the percentage of CTLA-4(+)CD4(+) T cells seen in untreated individuals. CD19(+)/CD80, CD19(+)/CD86(+), and CD14(+)/CD80(+) APCs were significantly augmented during pollination in unvaccinated individuals. B7-H1-expressing monocytes (CD14(+)) and B lymphocytes (CD19) as well as CD14 and CD19 B7-H1(+)/IL-10(+) APC were augmented in Betulaceae Ag-stimulated cell cultures of vaccinated patients independently of pollination, and were further increased in these individuals during pollination. As a result, the IL-10-IFN-gamma ratio in CD4(+), CD14(+), and CD19(+) cells increased in vaccinated patients, but decreased in unvaccinated individuals during pollination. These data clarify the cellular and molecular basis underlying the recent observation that peripheral expansion of IL-10-producing cells is associated with successful IT. B7-H1 could be an optimal target for IT of allergic diseases using mAbs.

The effect of specific immunotherapy on exhaled breath condensate nitrite levels

The effect of specific immunotherapy on exhaled breath condensate nitrite levels

Specific immunotherapy effect on peripheral blood T1/T2 lymphocytes in atopic patients

Allergen-specific immunotherapy has been used for successful treatment of atopic diseases. They may act by modifying the patterns of cytokines produced by T cells. However, the precise mechanism by which it accomplishes these effects is still incompletely understood. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of one year immunotherapy on cytokines profiles T1 and T2 of peripheral blood lymphocytes in atopic patients. MethodsWe studied 10 atopic patients sensitised to common environmental allergens receiving immunotherapy over one year mean period. Six of these patients were studied before and after immunotherapy. Fourteen atopic patients untreated and 7 non-atopic subjects were used as control groups. Intracellular cytokine production (IFN-γ; IL-4; IL- 5; IL-10) was determined by flow cytometry following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), ionomycin and brefeldin. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were utilized for the statistical analysis. ResultsThe expression of IL-4 and IL-5 in T cells, characteristically increased in atopic patients, respectively 13.8 (3.1 – 31.8) and 6.7% (1.0 -20.4), was significantly lower in the immunotherapy group 5.4 (2.9 -15.6) p=0.007 and 2.1% (0,6 – 4.8) p=0.035 and similar in the non-atopic control group. The levels of IFN-γ did not differ between the studied groups but the ratio IFN-γ / IL-4 produced by CD4+ T lymphocytes increased significantly in the patients receiving immunotherapy. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of IL-10 by T cells of the immunotherapy group compared to the non-atopic controls 1.9 (1.0 – 4.9) versus 1.4% (0.9 – 1.4) p=0.02, being more evident in CD8+ T lymphocytes. IL-10 correlated significantly with all the profile T2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) and with the phenotype Tc2. ConclusionAfter one year of immunotherapy the peripheral T cells response to a polyclonal stimulation revealed a reduction in IL-4 and IL-5 production, characteristically increased in atopic disease. The increase of IL-10 that we found in our study suggested the existence of a profile T2 regulatory population, more evident in CD8+T lymphocytes.

Usefulness of specific immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic sensitization to house dust mites: a multi‐centre, randomized, dose–response study

The effect of specific immunotherapy (SIT) on eczema in atopic dermatitis is not known. Therefore, a multi-centre, randomized dose-response trial, double-blind with respect to the efficacy of a biologically standardized depot house dust mite preparation was performed. Eighty-nine adults with a chronic course of atopic dermatitis, SCORAD >or=40 and allergic sensitization to house dust mites [CAP-FEIA >or=3] were included, of whom 51 completed the study. Subcutaneous SIT with a house dust mite preparation (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/D. farinae) applying maintenance doses of 20, 2,000 and 20,000 SQ-U in weekly intervals for 1 year. The main outcome measures addressed the change of the SCORAD as average of the values after 9 and 12 months of SIT in comparison with the value at baseline. The SCORAD declined in the three dose groups in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.0368, Jonckheere-Terpstra test) and was significantly lower in the two high-dose groups (2,000, 20,000 SQ-U) compared with the low-dose group of 20 SQ-U (P = 0.0379, U-test) after 1 year of SIT. The use of topical corticosteroids was significantly reduced with higher doses (P = 0.0007, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test). Allergen-SIT for 1 year with a house dust mite preparation is able to improve the eczema in patients with atopic dermatitis who are sensitized to house dust mite allergens and reduces the need for topical corticosteroids. SIT may be valuable in the treatment of this chronic skin disease.