Effects Of Sociodemographic Factors Research Articles

Barriers and facilitators to enrollment and re-enrollment into the community health funds/Tiba Kwa Kadi (CHF/TIKA) in Tanzania: a cross-sectional inquiry on the effects of socio-demographic factors and social marketing strategies

BackgroundIntroduction of a health insurance scheme is one of the ways to enhance access to health care services and to protect individuals from catastrophic health expenditures. Little is known on the influence of socio-demographic and social marketing strategies on enrollment and re-enrollment in the Community Health Fund/Tiba Kwa Kadi (CHF/TIKA) in Tanzania.MethodsThis cross-sectional study employed quantitative methods for data collection between November 2014 and March 2015 in Singida and Shinyanga regions. Relationship between variables was obtained through Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsWe recruited 496 participants in the study. Majority (92.7%) of participants consented to participate, with 229 (49.8%) and 231 (50.2%) members and non members of CHF/TIKA respectively. Majority (90.9%) were aware of CHF/TIKA. Majority of CHF/TIKA members and non-members (90% and 68.3% respectively) reported health facility-based sensitization as the most common social marketing approach employed to market the CHF/TIKA. The most popular marketing strategies in the country including traditional dances, football games, radio, television, news papers, and mosques/church were reported by few CHF and non CHF members. Multivariate Logistic regression models revealed no significant association between social marketing strategies and enrollment, but only socio-demographics; including marital status (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.8) and family size (household with ≥ 6 members) (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.5), were significant factors associated with enrollment/re-enrollment rate.ConclusionsThis study indicated that low level of utilization of available social marketing strategies and socio-demographic factors are the barriers for attracting members to join the schemes. There is a need for applying various social marketing strategies and considering different facilitating and impending socio-demographic factors for the growth and sustainability of the scheme as we move towards universal health coverage.

The moderating effect of sociodemographic factors on the predictive power of self-rated health for mortality in Canada

Self-rated health is a reliable predictor for mortality, but its predictive power varies depending on social characteristics. This study tests the moderating effect of age, sex, education, and income on the power of self-rated health to predict mortality in Canada using data from the National Population Health Survey. Predictive power trajectories are modelled using time-series generalized estimating equation logistic regression. Findings show that self-rated health is a predictor for mortality up to 14 years prior to death in Canada, and is weakly moderated by income and education, and age/sex interactions. Self-rated health remains reliable across population sub-groups in Canada.La santé auto-évaluée est un prédicteur fiable de la mortalité, mais son pouvoir prédictif varie en fonction des caractéristiques sociales. Cette étude examine l'effet modérateur de l'âge, du sexe, de l'éducation, et du revenu sur le pouvoir de la santé auto-évaluée pour prédire la mortalité au Canada utilisant des données de l'Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population. Les trajectoires de puissance prédictive sont modélisées avec une régression logistique de l'équation d'estimation généralisée. Les résultats montrent que la santé auto-évaluée est un prédicteur de la mortalité jusqu'à 14 ans avant le décès au Canada, et est faiblement modérée par le revenu, l'éducation, et les interactions entre l'âge et le sexe. La santé auto-évaluée demeure valide parmi les sous-groupes de la population du Canada.

Effect of socio-demographic factors and obesity on blood pressure among adults based on health status in Gaza, Palestine

To identify risk factors of elevated blood pressure due to differences in socio-demographic factors, obesity, and health status. Cross-sectional study. A total of 482 participants were chosen from Primary Healthcare Centers in Gaza City, Palestine, based on objective criteria. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) showed significant differences according to different educational, menopausal, obesity, and health statuses, but no significant differences due to sex, marital status, and family size. Correlations of SBP with age, waist circumference, and weight were significant at P = 0.001 (r s = 0.444, r s = 0.434, and r s = 0.323, respectively). Correlations of DBP with age, waist circumference, and weight were also significant at P = 0.001 (r s = 0.170, r s = 0.374, and r s = 0.362, respectively). A total of 169 subjects out of 482 have SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP ≥85 mmHg. By the multivariate logistic regression model, the odds ratio (OR) for obesity equaled 2.768 (95% CI: 1.183 to 6.475, P = 0.019), OR for having a mother with one or more chronic diseases equaled 1.886 (95% CI: 1.185 to 3.003, P = 0.007), and OR for a medium-sized family (6–10 members) equaled 0.611 (95% CI: 0.376 to 0.994, P = 0.013). Blood pressure increased by elevated body mass index and waist circumference; participants who have a mother with hypertension and/or diabetes are most likely to have higher blood pressure.

Differential Effect of Socio-Demographic Factors on Emotional Intelligence of Secondary School Students in Ernakulam District

Emotional intelligence has been defined as the ability to adaptively recognize, understand, manage, harness emotions both in self and others (Mayer & Salovey 1995; Schutte et al., 1998) and to use emotion to facilitate cognitive processing (Mayer et al., 1999). Emotional intelligence has been conceptualized in the literature both as a relatively enduring trait and as ability (Mayer et al., 2002; Petrides & Furnham, 2006; Schutte et al., 1998). Mayer et al. (2002) & Afolabi (2004) argue that emotional intelligence is not a single trait or ability rather; it is a composite of distinct emotion reasoning abilities. Perceiving emotions consist of recognizing and interpreting the meaning of various emotional states, as well as their relations to other sensory experiences. Understanding emotions involve understanding of how basic emotions are blended to form complex emotions. Regulating emotions encompasses the control of emotions in oneself and in others. An individual’s emotional intelligence is an indicator of how an individual perceives, understands and regulates emotions

Effect of sociodemographic factors on survival of people living with HIV.

The purpose is to describe and understand the sociodemographic determinants of survival in people living with HIV within high-income countries in the context of the current recommendation of universal antiretroviral therapy for all HIV-infected persons, irrespective of their CD4 cell count. Survival rates in people living with HIV have experienced remarkable increases in the last decade because of more efficacious and well tolerated treatments. Still, these improvements are unevenly distributed between regions across the world as well as within regions. HIV outcomes are heavily influenced by what are known as the 'social determinants' of health which have traditionally encompassed the gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic axes. The evidence that these social determinants are now more important than before (more and earlier interventions are now available), has become stronger in the last 2 years. Because antiretroviral therapy is now recommended for all HIV-infected persons, sociodemographic factors limiting access to testing, treatment, and retention in care will undoubtedly jeopardize the UNAIDS aspirational objective to end AIDS by 2030. Innovative interventions targeting individuals with social vulnerability are urgently needed to ensure that social inequalities do not continue to be linked with higher mortality.

QOL and sociodemographic factors among first-time parents in Japan: a multilevel analysis.

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and domains of quality of life (QOL) among married adults in Japan who were either rearing or expecting their first child. Our research focus was on whether different sociodemographic variables interacted with each other in predicting the first-time parents' QOL. In total, 4374 (mean age=34.9years, SD=8.4, range 18-71) community-based married couples pooled from two surveys provided their sociodemographic information (i.e., age, years of education, and annual income) and responded to the brief version of the QOL instrument developed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF in Psychological Medicine 28(3):551-555, 1998). Series of multilevel regression analyses revealed that household annual income and education were associated with all domains of QOL, and other sociodemographic variables worked in a domain-specific manner. In addition, the effect of educational attainment on psychological domain was significant for mothers only, whereas the effects of household income on psychological and environmental domains were stronger for the younger (below age 26) than the older (over 43) couples. The effects of sociodemographic factors at couple as well as individual levels on the first-time parents' QOL were examined for the first time in Japan using couple data. In addition to corroborating previous findings on the main effects concerning these variables, the present study demonstrated the complex patterns of interaction across different levels. These findings provide evidence for the need for financial and health measures targeted at specific parent populations.

Family functioning and individual psychopathology in a non-clinical general population

IntroductionA family “constructs” an identity of its own derived from their assumptions about relationships and the social environment they live in. This identity transcends the individual while at the same time encourages individual differentiation. Family functioning is influenced from different factors like social context, qualitative characteristics, and from individual's medical or psychiatric condition.Aims and objectivesTo examined the effects of sociodemographic factors and individual psychopathology on the function of family in a non-clinical sample.MethodsCross-sectional study of participants and their families. The follow data collected:–demographics (age, gender, occupation, education);–description of the family (number of members, single parents family, adoption);–history of mental or physical illnesses;–Family Assessment Device (FAD);–Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).ResultsThe sample constituted of 151 families, (453 individuals), in 48 families, 2 family members participated, in 56 families, 3 members participated, in 46 families 4 members participated and 1 family had 5 members participating. One hundred ninety-four (42.8%) were children and 259 (57.2%) were parents. The mean age of the children was 23.62 (SD: 6.35) and 68 (35%) were males. Mean age of the parents was 51.4 (SD: 8.2) and 117 (45.2%) were males. SCL-90 identified 183 participants as caseness. Multilevel analysis showed that individual psychopathology (caseness) was the only statistical significant factor for family dysfunctioning.ConclusionThere is strong association between family dysfunction and psychopathology of a member. Dysfunctional families need further psychiatric evaluation of the members. Cause-effect cannot be concluded from this cross-sectional study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The effects of sociodemographic factors on depression management

Objective: To explore the effect of sociodemographic factors on response rate to antidepressants therapy in depression management. Methods: A prospective study design of 6 follow-ups per patient after the initial contact was employed. Follow-up was done every 4 weeks for up to the 24 th week per patient that completed the study. Degree of depression was determined using the International Classification of Disease-10 criteria, whereas severity of depression was assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression (HADS-D) instrument. Outcome (depression-free) was measured at initial contact and also for each follow-up using HADS-D score. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used. Results: Fifty-one respondents out of 112 patients (46%) completed the study, and hence the sample size was 51 respondents. Females accounted for 65% (33) of the sample. Those who attained at least secondary level of education, and personal income as gave a P < 0.05 with regard to decrease HADS-D scores compare to when the study started, whereas the decrease HADS-D scores of sex and all age groups also gave a similar P < 0.05 as at the last follow-up of the study. Conclusion: Education status and personal income appear to affect the rate of response to antidepressant medications.

Effect of sociodemographic factors on age-appropriate immunization of children in slums of Lucknow, capital of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Developing countries like India are presently developing new strategies to increase immunization coverage and reach more children with quality vaccine. Children in urban slums have high vulnerability to illnesses as outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases are more common in these communities, owing to high population density and migratory population. Objective: To assess the immunization coverage and various sociodemographic factors affecting the same in urban slums of Lucknow. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in slums of Lucknow city from August 2014 to July 2015. A total 327 children in age group 9 months to 2 years were enrolled in the study and their mothers (or primary caregivers) were interviewed through house-to-house survey with the help of a predesigned, pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Results: About one-fourth (24.1%) of the children were completely immunized and 32.4% were partially immunized, while 43.4% were unimmunized. Significant association was found between mother’s occupation (p = 0.000), mother’s educational status (p = 0.013), and father’s educational status (p = 0.023) with immunization status of children. Conclusion: In this study, overall coverage of immunization was suboptimal in slums. So, there is an urgent need to review the current strategies of immunization with special focus in urban slums.

„Nálunk (...) minden ötödik órában elhagyja az országot egy orvos”

A globalizáció következtében a magasan képzettek nemzetközi vándorlása – a munkaerőhiány miatt – egyre növekvő fontosságra tesz szert a kormányzati és nemzetközi migrációs és munkaerő-piaci politikákban. Az egészségügyi dolgozók migrációja különös figyelmet kap, mivel hiányuk kihat a lakosság egészségi állapotára, közvetve pedig befolyásolja annak gazdasági teljesítőképességét. Intézményi szinten megjelent a szakember- menedzselés tervezésének igénye, viszont megvalósítását az adathiány ellehetetleníti. Az EU különböző kutatási projektek révén törekszik a migráció nagyságának felbecsülésére az egyes tagországokban. Ehhez kíván, jóllehet nagyon szerény mértékben, hozzájárulni a jelen kutatás. Erdélyi magyar orvos-, gyógyszerész- és végzős nővérképzős hallgatók körében vizsgáltam a migrációs potenciált, azaz a külföldi munkavállalás tervezésében szerepet játszó taszító és vonzó tényezőket, a kedvelt célországokat és a migráns kapcsolatok hatását.A tanulmány az elméleti és módszertani háttér ismertetése után a migrációs potenciált befolyásoló tényezők szerepét három részben elemzi: a szociodemográfiai tényezők, a kulturális (idegennyelv-ismeret) és a társadalmi (migráns kapcsolatok) tőke, valamint a pszichikai tényezők (attitűdök) mentén. Röviden megvizsgálja a tisztított migrációs potenciált, illetve bemutatja a vándorlás ellenében ható faktorokat és a maradás feltételeit.A végzős hallgatók nyers migrációs potenciálja magasnak mondható az erdélyi magyar felnőtt népességhez képest, de megegyezik az erdélyi magyar fiatalok külföldi munkavállalási szándékával (60%). A szociodemográfiai tényezők kevésbé befolyásolják a migrációs terveket, lévén, hogy sok szempontból szelektált, viszonylag homogén népességről van szó. A migráció tervezését leginkább a migráns hálózatok, főként a migráns baráti kapcsolatok segítik elő, továbbá a pesszimista jövőkép és az élettel való elégedetlenség. A család és a szülőföld szeretete a legerősebb helyben tartó tényezők.

INFLUENCE OF LIFESTYLE ON THE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITIES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

The undergraduate students in universities in Nigeria are a major and growing market for providers of consumer goods and services in the towns and cities where universities are located. The few empirical studies that have been conducted on this population were focused on the demographic and cultural dimensions whose limitations at explaining and predicting consumer behaviour have been acknowledged by many scholars and researchers. Those studies also did not consider the moderating effect of socio-demographic factors which have been shown to improve the predictability of consumer behavior. This study, therefore, aimed at assessing the relationship between lifestyle and buying behavior among undergraduate students in universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Lifestyle was measured on the activities, interests and opinion framework. A sample of 323 undergraduate students was drawn from the two universities in Cross River State, using a three-stage sampling technique. Multiple regression analysis was used in testing the hypotheses. The study shows that lifestyle significantly influence buying behaviour of undergraduate students in universities in Cross River State, with interest making the greatest contribution on the impact of lifestyle on buying behaviour. The study also reveals that socio-demographic variables have significant moderating effect on the influence of lifestyle on buying behaviour with interest making the greatest contribution to buying behaviour and gender making the least contribution. The study concluded that lifestyle is a significant predictor of buying behaviour of undergraduate students in Nigeria. It was recommended that universities students should be segmented on the dimension of lifestyle. The study further recommended that marketers and businesses should factor lifestyle in the development of new products and designing of marketing communication strategies.

Public Views on the Healthcare System in Kuwait

Aim:Examine public views on the healthcare system in Kuwait.Objectives: -To find out the extent to which the public trust the health care system;-To identify their views on factors relating to trust in healthcare,-To find out the effect of socio-demographic factors on views, and-To identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current healthcare system in Kuwait from the perspective of the public.Methods:This study is a national cross sectional survey on a representative sample of the population of Kuwait. The total number of participants was 1024. Both Kuwaiti and expatriate users of the Kuwaiti healthcare system were included.Results:The majority did not trust that Kuwait had a good healthcare system, but had high levels of confidence in most levels of healthcare, as well as most healthcare workers. The findings have shown average level of trust in most dimensions of trust in healthcare except in the one related to macro-level policies, which showed low levels. There were significant variations in views between respondents from different socio-demographic groups.Conclusion:Trust is important, but public trust alone is not a reliable and valid tool in measuring the performance of a healthcare system. Public views on healthcare can be used in setting future policies.

Effects of socio-demographic factors on parental monitoring, and regimen adherence among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A moderation analysis.

Parental monitoring of adolescent diabetes care is an important predictor of adolescent regimen adherence. To date, no studies have investigated whether socio-demographic factors are associated with low levels of parental monitoring or differences in parental monitoring styles, and their moderating effects in families of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether youth and family socio-demographic factors moderated the relationship between monitoring and youth regimen adherence (i.e., mean frequency of blood glucose testing [BGT]). Data were collected from 267 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed. Socio-demographic factors accounted for 17.1% of the variance in adherence. After parental monitoring scales were entered, R2 in all eight equations increased and R2 change score in six of eight equations were significant. All models were significant after the interaction terms were entered. In the adolescent report models, parent age and family structure were both independently associated with adherence and also moderated the association between adolescent-report parental monitoring and adherence to diabetes care, in particular, adolescent report of parental direct observation/presence during diabetes care. In the parent report models, income was moderated the association between parent-report youth disclosure and adherence. Research should focus on identifying additional modifiable factors that place families at risk for low levels of parental monitoring of diabetes care. Future clinical research is needed to help identify risk factors for low levels of parental monitoring and develop interventions to promote optimal parenting skills that can support youth diabetes care.

The effect of sociodemographic factors and therapy on survival in pediatric liver cancers: A SEER population study.

10076 Background: To investigate long-term survival in pediatric primary liver cancers, including hepatoblastoma & hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on sociodemographic factors & therapy in a la...

Patients still wish for key improvements after total knee arthroplasty.

PurposeOur goals were to rigorously document and explore the interrelationships of various parameters in the aftermath of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including patient characteristics, clinical scores, satisfaction levels, and patient-perceived improvements.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire addressing sociodemographic factors, levels of satisfaction, and "wished-for" improvements was administered to 180 patients at least 1 year post primary TKA. Both satisfaction levels and wished-for improvements were assessed through nine paired parameters. Patients responded using an 11-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and the results were summarized as mean VAS score. Correlations between clinical scores and satisfaction levels and between satisfaction levels and desired improvements were analyzed.ResultsPatient satisfaction levels were only modest (mean score, 4-7) for eight of the nine parameters, including pain relief and restoration of daily living activities, the top two ranked parameters in wished-for improvement while high-flexion activity constituted the top source of discontent. Wished-for improvement was high in seven parameters, the top three being restoration of daily living activities, pain relief, and high-flexion activity. The effects of sociodemographic factors on satisfaction levels and wished-for improvement varied. Satisfaction levels correlated positively with functional outcomes, and satisfaction in pain relief and restoration of daily living activities correlated more often and most strongly with clinical scores.ConclusionsFollowing TKA, patient satisfaction is not high for a number of issues, with improvements clearly needed in restoring daily living activities and relieving pain. Continued efforts to achieve better surgical outcomes should address patient-perceived shortcomings.

Effect of Socio-Demographic Factors on Zinc Status of Infants and Preschool Children in East Gojjam, Amhara Region of Ethiopia

Effect of Socio-Demographic Factors on Zinc Status of Infants and Preschool Children in East Gojjam, Amhara Region of Ethiopia

The Effects of Socio-demographic Factors, Acculturation Stress and Resilience on Depression among Mothers-in-law in Multicultural Families

The Effects of Socio-demographic Factors, Acculturation Stress and Resilience on Depression among Mothers-in-law in Multicultural Families

Management trends in stage I testicular seminoma: Impact of race, insurance status, and treatment facility.

The management of stage I testicular seminoma is evolving rapidly. This study examined modern trends in the management of stage I testicular seminoma and the effects of sociodemographic factors on therapy choice. Data from the National Cancer Data Base on 34,067 patients with stage I testicular seminoma who were treated between 1998 and 2011 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with adjuvant management strategies. For patients with stage IA/B testicular seminoma, rates of observation after orchiectomy increased from 23.7% to 54.0%, the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy increased from 1.5% to 16.0%, and the receipt of radiotherapy decreased from 70.8% to 28.8%. A similar pattern was seen in stage IS testicular seminoma, although these patients were more likely to receive adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy (60.7% vs 44.8% for stage IA/B in 2011, P < .001). For patients with stage IA/B testicular seminoma, observation after orchiectomy was more common in racial minorities (odds ratio [OR] for blacks vs whites, 1.31, P < .001; OR for Hispanics vs whites, 1.39, P < .001) and in the uninsured (OR for uninsured vs privately insured, 1.33, P < .001) and less common at community centers (OR for community centers vs National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers, 0.80, P = .044). In those with stage IA/B testicular seminoma who received adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy, the receipt of chemotherapy was more common at academic centers and for patients with nonprivate insurance. Postorchiectomy observation in stage I testicular seminoma has increased significantly in recent years, as has the receipt of chemotherapy, whereas the receipt of radiotherapy has declined, particularly at academic centers. Race, insurance status, and facility type are strongly associated with the choice of adjuvant management.

Consumer perceived values of Hawaiian attire: the effects of socio-demographic factors

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose and examine a consumer-perceived value (CPV) formation model in the context of Hawaiian attire (aloha attire). The effects of key socio-demographic factors on perceived values of aloha attire were empirically determined.Design/methodology/approach– CPV is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional construct including emotional value, social value, quality value, and price value. The investigated socio-demographic factors included residential status, age, gender, ethnicity, education level, income level, and type of retailers from which consumers usually purchase aloha attire. The primary data were gathered by a questionnaire survey of US consumers. Using 330 survey returns, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were utilized for data analysis and hypothesis testing.Findings– The proposed model was proven valid and the four value constructs cumulatively accounted for 68.6 percent of the variance in CPV of aloha attire. Majority of variances of perceived values (social value at 74 percent, emotional value at 70 percent, price value at 67 percent, and quality value at 65 percent, respectively) can be accounted for by investigated socio-demographic factors. Gender and ethnicity significantly affected perceived social and emotional values. Income level and education level significantly affected all perceived values. Residential status only affected perceived price and emotional values, while retailer type significantly affected perceived social, emotional, and quality values.Practical implications– Incorporation of gender, ethnicity, income level, education level, residential status, and retailer type information in developing marketing strategies and promotional programs can help companies more effectively convey desired values of aloha attire to target consumers.Originality/value– This empirical study responded to the need for better understanding of consumer desired values for aloha attire to support more effective product development and marketing. The knowledge gained from this study provides valuable insights for both academicians and industrial practitioners.

The Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs: norms, reliability and performance in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia in Singapore

AimTo provide normative values for the healthy ethnic Chinese Singaporean population and a large sample of patients with schizophrenia for the Continuous Performance Task-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP). Participants Data were collected on 1011 healthy ethnic Chinese and 654 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, all between 21 and 55years of age. MethodsData were stratified by age and gender. The effects of age, gender and education were explored in patients and controls. Performance indices were assessed in their ability to predict group inclusion. Controls’ performance was compared with that reported in a US sample. ResultsPerformance was affected by age, sex, and education, with youth, male sex and higher education providing a performance advantage. Patients’ performance was lower than controls’ by more than 1 standard deviation, with the 3-digit d′ score most significantly discriminating between controls and patients. The effects of socio-demographic factors on performance were in line with those conducted in the US and previously reported in the literature. ConclusionsThis is the largest norming study ever conducted on the CPT-IP. It will enable investigators and clinicians to select appropriate indices to assess severity of cognitive decline and/or evaluate cognitive remediation therapy outcomes after taking into account age, gender and education factors.