Simultaneous Effects Research Articles

Effects of facial forms and midline deviations and rolls on female facial beauty according to laypeople, orthodontists, and prosthodontists or restorative dentists

No study has examined the simultaneous effect of facial forms, midline deviations and midline angulations on facial beauty. Therefore, this comprehensive study aimed to evaluate these and many other hypotheses. This psychometric study was performed on 15,042 observations. A female frontal photograph was edited to 45 perceptometric images with controlled anatomical alteration: 3 facial forms (euryprosopic [brachyfacial], mesoprosopic [mesofacial], leptoprosopic [dolichofacial]), each having either 9 bidirectional midline deviations (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm deviated to the left and right) or 7 bidirectional midline angular deviations (0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° deviated to the left and right). One of the photographs were repeated. These 46 images were esthetically judged by 327 participants (243 laypeople, 49 orthodontists, and 35 ‘prosthodontists or restorative dentists’). Hierarchical mixed-model multiple linear regressions and post hoc tests were adopted to evaluate the simultaneous impacts of the photomodel’s facial forms, midline deviations to the right or left, and midline rolls to the right or left plus sex, age, experience, and dental specialty of the referees on their perception of facial beauty as well as the tolerable zones of midline alterations. These were also done separately for each specialty group, and also for each facial face. Ideal combinations of anatomic features were determined using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Differences between esthetic preferences of different groups in terms of each image were assessed using one-way ANOVAs and t-tests (α = 0.05, α = 0.008, α = 0.001). All 5 anatomical features significantly and independently influenced perception of facial beauty. The tolerance threshold for midline deviations was 1 mm deviations to the right and left sides. For midline rolls, the only tolerable form was the no-roll (‘on’) midline; the judges preferred right-oriented defects over left-sided ones. The most beautiful facial form was mesoprosopic, followed by leptoprosopic. Men perceived the female face slightly more attractive than did women. The viewers’ specialty (or lack of it), their age, or their experience did not affect their esthetic preferences. Predictors of esthetic preferences were all 5 anatomical features plus views’ sex, but not their dental specialty, age, or experience. Zones of acceptability and also the ideal range of anatomical features were determined.

IMPLIKASI WORK-LIFE BALANCE DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION KARYAWAN DI GRAND MIRAGE RESORT & THALASSO BALI

Human resources that are managed properly will determine whether a company is successful or not. With good human resources, employees will feel comfortable and safe, so as to reduce the level of turnover intention in the company. This research has a purpose to determine the effect between work-life balance and career development on employee turnover intention at Grand Mirage Resort & Thalasso Bali, using sampling technique, wich are called simple random sampling. So that the sample done as 78 employees. Data assessment techniques in this research carried out use descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, determination test and hypothesis testing. This research shows that “work-life balance at Grand Mirage Resort & Thalasso Bali has a negative and significant effect on employee turnover intention, as seen from the results of the t test with a significance value of 0.045. While career development has a negative and significant effect on employee turnover intention seen from the results of the t test with a significance value of 0.026. Work-life balance and career development have a simultaneous effect seen from the results of the f test with a significance value of 0.006”.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN PEMBAYARAN NON TUNAI: DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP OMSET PENJUALAN PADA GEROBAK KREATIF DI KOTA DENPASAR

This research is descriptive and analytical, utilizing a quantitative approach. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, with a total of 30 respondents. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire and processed with SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Service quality has a positive and significant effect on the sales turnover of creative cart traders in Denpasar City's MSMEs, as evidenced by a t-value of 9.159 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, suggesting that improving service quality will increase the sales turnover of these traders. (2) The non-cash payment system does not have a significant effect on the sales turnover of creative cart traders in Denpasar City's MSMEs, as shown by a t-value of 1.385 and a significance level of 0.177 > 0.05, indicating no influence of non-cash payments on sales turnover. (3) Service quality and the non-cash payment system collectively have a significant simultaneous effect on the sales turnover of creative cart traders in Denpasar City's MSMEs, with an F-value of 42.037 and a significance level of 0.000. The determination test results show that the variables of service quality and the non-cash payment system affect sales turnover by 73.9%, while the remaining 26.1% is influenced by other variables outside of this study, such as price, product quality, and promotion.

PENGARUH WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER (WCT) DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER) TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) PADA PT. MUSTIKA RATU TBK

This research aims to examine the influence of Working Capital Turnover (WCT) and Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) on Return On Assets (ROA) at PT. Mustika Ratu Tbk during the period from 2011 to 2022. The data used in this study are secondary data in quantitative form. The research instrument used includes tables covering current assets, total assets, current liabilities, total liabilities, total equity, sales, and net profit after tax. The population for this study covers 15 years (2008-2022), with a sample of 12 years (2011-2022). The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data collection methods involve documentation and literature review. The data analysis techniques employed include classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, and F-tests.The results of the analysis indicate that WCT has a significant partial effect on ROA, suggesting that the efficiency of working capital utilization affects the company's ability to generate profit from its total assets. Additionally, DER also has a significant partial effect on ROA, indicating that the company's capital structure influences its profitability. WCT and DER together have a significant simultaneous effect on ROA. This study contributes to understanding the factors influencing corporate financial performance and their relevance in managerial decision-making.

ANALISIS KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI, DAN KEDISIPLINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR LURAH MEDAN PERJUANGAN

Employee performance can be seen from the quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him. This research aims to analyze leadership, motivation, and discipline and employee performance in the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The sample in this study was 32 employees at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale, each of which has been tested and has met the validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis used multiple linear regression using SPSS 19.0 for Windows software tools. The results of the partial research show that partial testing for the leadership variable shows a p-value of 0.303, meaning that partial leadership does not have a significant effect on employee performance in the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The partial test results for the motivation variable show a p-value of 0.009, meaning that motivation partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The partial test results for the work discipline variable show a p-value of 0.000, meaning that discipline partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The results of the simultaneous testing of the calculated F value are 512.757 which is greater than 3.33 and the significant value of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05 so it can be concluded that leadership, motivation and discipline have a significant simultaneous effect on employee performance at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head.

Pengaruh Modal, Alokasi Jam Kerja, dan Lama Usaha Terhadap Pendapatan Pengusaha Bidang Industri Genteng di Desa Darmasaba

Badung Regency is one of the regencies/cities in Bali Province with significant potential in the small industry sector, particularly within several Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) spread across various areas in Badung Regency. One example is Darmasaba Village, which is home to 35 small-scale tile manufacturing businesses scattered across different banjars within the village. This indicates that Darmasaba Village has a substantial number of tile industries that continue to thrive in the Abiansemal District of Badung Regency. However, over time, the clay tile industry has experienced a decline due to the availability of many alternative materials, such as concrete roofs, metal tiles, aluminium roofs, and UPVC (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride) roofs. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyse the simultaneous effects of capital, work hours allocation, and business age on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village, and (2) to analyse the partial effects of capital, work hours allocation, and business age on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village. The data used are primary, with 35 respondents participating. The analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression. The results indicate that (1) capital, work hours allocation, and business age have a significant simultaneous effect on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village; (2) capital and business age have a positive and significant effect on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village; (3) work hours allocation has a negative and significant effect on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village.

A bifunctional lactoferrin-derived amyloid coating prevents bacterial adhesion and occludes dentinal tubules via deep remineralization

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) manifests as sharp and uncomfortable pain due to the exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) following the erosion of tooth enamel. Desensitizing agents commonly used in clinical practice have limitations such as limited depth of penetration, slow remineralization and no antimicrobial properties. To alleviate these challenges, our study designed a lactoferrin-derived amyloid nanofilm (PTLF nanofilm) inspired by the saliva-acquired membrane (SAP). The nanofilm utilises Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to disrupt the disulfide bonds of lactoferrin (LF) under physiological conditions. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the early and stable adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Simultaneously, it adheres rapidly and securely to demineralized dentin surfaces, facilitating in-situ remineralization of HAP through a simple immersion process. This leads to the formation of a remineralized layer resembling natural dentin, with an occlusion depth of dentinal tubules exceeding 80 µm after three days. The in vivo and vitro results confirm that the PTLF nanofilm possesses good biocompatibility and its ability to exert simultaneous antimicrobial effects and dentin remineralization. Accordingly, this innovative bifunctional PTLF amyloid coating offers promising prospects for the management of DH-related conditions. Statement of significance1.We design a simple, fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-process PTLF nanofilm for nearly any material surface or shape.2.The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.3.The abundant functional groups on the surface of PTLF nanofilm facilitate bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation and maintain stability at the HAP remineralization interface.

An empirical study of administrative justice at times of COVID-19 in Italy

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of the Regional Administrative Courts (TAR) in Italy. For this purpose, we constructed two databases covering the period from 2018 to 2021, gathering macroeconomic and microeconomic data from the TARs of the Italian regions (NUTS-2). Despite the brevity of the period, the availability of data allows us to perform a comprehensive analysis with econometric models for micro and macro data. Empirical findings suggest the existence of two-fold and simultaneous effects of COVID-19 on the efficiency of administrative courts: on one hand, the advent of COVID-19 has led to the reorganisation of courts and related-activities, prolonging the duration of administrative disputes. On the other hand, COVID-19 has introduced measures to limit face-to-face activities, such as holding hearings in person, and adopting information and communications technologies (ICTs) to prosecute judicial activities. This measure proved beneficial to the proper functioning of the Italian TARs by reducing the duration of administrative proceedings. Policy implications indicate that the digitalisation of administrative procedures, not only during COVID-19, is crucial for enhancing the promptness of the administrative disputes of the Italian TARs.

Seismic design parameters of double-layer diamatic domes

The effect of past earthquakes (e.g., the 1995 Kobe and 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes) on the space structures revealed the fact that the assumption of the invulnerability of these structures is incorrect despite their light self-weight and high degree of redundancy, and space structures may suffer severe damage during strong ground motions. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the design of this type of structure in high seismic-risk regions. Nevertheless, the existing seismic design codes have not provided the seismic design parameters (i.e., the seismic response modification factors), including the behavior factor, R, and the displacement amplification factor, Cd for space structures. This research aims to extract the seismic design parameters of double-layer diamatic domes (DLDDs) to answer the challenges that structural engineers face in the design of this type of structure. For this purpose, 16 DLDD models with different rise-to-span ratios (RSRs) and span lengths were considered. After designing the models and performing the nonlinear time history analysis using the simultaneous effect of the three transitional components of ground motions, the target displacement at the control node was determined. Then, the pushover analysis was carried out to derive the capacity curve of the structures and calculate the seismic response modification factors in both horizontal and vertical directions. The results indicate that the domes with RSRs of 1/7 and 1/5 should be designed such that they remain in the elastic state in the horizontal direction. Then, with the growth of RSR, the value of R increases and reaches 1.792. Finally, equations were presented in this study for the period, behavior factor, and displacement amplification factor of DLDD structures in both horizontal and vertical directions using the nonlinear regression analysis.

Pengaruh Innovative Work Behavior, Competency dan Teamwork terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di CV. Faris Collection Sidoarjo

This research aims to determine the influence of innovative work behavior, competency and teamwork on employee performance. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all employees at CV. Faris Collection Sidoarjo, totaling 104 employees, were used as respondents using saturated sampling techniques. The independent variables are innovative work behavior, competency and teamwork, while the dependent variable is employee performance. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with Likert scale measurements. The data analysis technique uses SPSS version 25 software. Based on the research results and discussions that have been described, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between innovative work behavior, competency and teamwork variables on employee performance. Each variable also indicates that there is a positive and significant influence. Where the variable innovative work behavior has a partial and simultaneous effect on employee performance, competency has a partial and simultaneous effect on employee performance, and teamwork also has a partial and simultaneous effect on employee performance

Pengaruh Work Motivation, Work Discipline dan Training Terhadap Employee Work Productivity

The success of a company is measured by how optimally it uses existing resources to achieve high productivity. This research aims to find out how much influence work motivation, work discipline and training have on the work productivity of PT employees. IEI. This type of research is quantitative research analyzed using statistics. The author is an employee of PT. IEI in the production operator section has a total population of 62 employees. The sample size uses a saturated sample by means of all members of the population being sampled. Data analysis used SPSS Version 25. This research resulted that the variables of work motivation, work discipline and training had a positive and simultaneous effect on the work productivity of PT employees. IEI. This is proven by the results of F calculated 59.747>2.76 (F calculated>F table) so that Ho4 is rejected and Ha4 is accepted. This means that there is a positive and significant influence between work motivation, work discipline and training simultaneously on the work productivity of PT employees. IEI.

Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) pada Bagian Cleaning Service PT. Gokko Mirai Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on OCB at PT Gokko Mirai Indonesia, Indonesia. The method used was descriptive quantitative. The sampling method used was saturated sampling, while data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 76 respondents from the cleaning service department, which were then analyzed for partial and simultaneous effects using path analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing with t-test and F-test. The results showed that: The effect of job satisfaction on OCB is positive and significant. Hypothesis testing results in a value of t> t-table or (3.786> 1.992) and a probability of 0.000 <0.05, meaning that H1 is accepted, indicating a positive and significant effect of job satisfaction on OCB. The effect of organizational commitment on OCB is positive and significant. Hypothesis testing produces a value of (4,903> 1,992) and a probability of 0.000 <0.05, meaning that H2 is accepted, indicating a positive and significant effect of organizational commitment on OCB. The simultaneous test results of job satisfaction and organizational commitment are positive and significant to OCB. Hypothesis testing results in (82.0502 > 3.12) and a probability of 0.000 < 0.05, then H3 is accepted, indicating a positive and significant effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on OCB. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that job satisfaction partially affects OCB at PT Gokko Mirai Indonesia. Organizational commitment affects OCB at PT Gokko Mirai Indonesia, and simultaneously, job satisfaction and organizational commitment affect OCB at PT Gokko Mirai Indonesia.

Lagged and simultaneous effects of exposure to violence at home on child-to-parent violence: gender differences.

Numerous studies have found that exposure to violence at home is a risk factor for child-to-parent violence. However, most of the available studies do not delimit a time frame for exposure to violence. This aspect is fundamental to differentiating lagged effects (compensation) from simultaneous effects (reciprocal). The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between lagged (before the age of 10) and simultaneous (last year) exposure to violence at home (direct victimization: parent-to-child violence and vicarious victimization: exposure to violence between parents) and child-to-parent violence, the possible differential reactive or instrumental motivation of these relationships and whether they differ based on the gender of children and parents. The sample comprised 1,734 Spanish adolescents who lived with both parents (57.3% girls), aged between 13 and 17 years. The instruments used were the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire and the Violence Exposure Scale. Positive and significant relationships were found between child-to-parent violence and exposure to violence at home both during childhood and during the last year; however, the relationships were stronger in the latter. The most important predictors were direct parental victimization during the last year. Boys exerted more reactive violence toward the father concerning exposure to violence by the father toward the mother during the last year. In the case of girls, violence toward both father and mother is more reactive to most victimization experiences. The findings highlight the need to intervene in family contexts of violence to prevent child-to-parent violence.

Pengaruh Persepsi Manfaat Penggunaan QRIS Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ayam Geprek Sriwedari: Survei pada Pelanggan Ayam Geprek Sriwedari

Technological developments have had a very broad impact on various aspects of life, one of which is being adopted by the financial industry. The presence of QRIS or Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code provides a new style in transactions, because users no longer need to make payments in cash, just by scanning the barcode, payments can easily be made, of course with a payment model like this provides convenience, security and satisfaction in transactions. This also applies to the transaction of purchasing Sriwedari fried chicken which is a student favorite in the East Telukjambe area. The use of QRIS is widely used by the millennial generation among students. Therefore, this research aims to review and find out more about the perception of the benefits of using QRIS in chicken purchasing decisions. smashed Sriwedari. The research was carried out using a descriptive quantitative method by collecting data using a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The number of respondents in this study was 103 respondents who were taken randomly with the criteria of purchasing Sriwedari fried chicken at least once a week. The results of the research show that the magnitude of the influence of the perceived benefits of using QRIS on purchasing decisions is 59.7% and the perceived benefits (X1) of using QRIS on purchasing decisions (Y) Sriwedari fried chicken has a simultaneous and positive effect.

Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Menggunakan Dompet Digital Shopeepay

The rapid development of technology provides convenience for its users. Technological advances that compete with finance create changes in people's behavior in making transactions on online purchases. This research aims to find out: 1) The effect of perceived convenience on trust in using shopeepay, 2) The effect of perceived convenience on purchasing decisions using shopeepay, 3) The effect of trust on purchasing decisions using shopeepay, 4) The effect of perceived convenience on purchasing decisions using shopeepay through trust, 5) The effect of perceived convenience and trust simultaneously on purchasing decisions. The research method is explanatory survey with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 96 respondents. The data analysis technique is path analysis. Perceived convenience has a positive and significant effect on trust. Partially, perceived convenience has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Partially, trust has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. There is an indirect influence between perceived convenience on purchasing decisions mediated by trust. Perceptions of convenience and trust have a simultaneous and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Dampak Pembangunan Gender terhadap Kemiskinan di Kota-Kota Besar di Indonesia Tahun 2017-2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of women's participation in parliament, the women's gender development index, women's per capita income and women's life expectancy on women's poverty levels in big cities in Indonesia for the 2017-2022 period. This research is quantitative research using the panel data regression method with the best model, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the simultaneous significant test show that in 2017-2022 the variables Women's Participation, Women's Gender Development Index, Women's Per Capita Income and Women's Life Expectancy have a simultaneous effect on Women's Poverty Levels in big cities in Indonesia in 2017-2022. The results of the partial significance test show that the variable Women's Life Expectancy has a negative and significant effect on women's poverty in 2017-2022. Meanwhile, the variables Women's Participation, Women's Gender Development Index, and Women's Per Capita Income do not have a significant effect on women's poverty in 2017-2022.

Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Wirausaha dan Strategi Pemasaran Terhadap Keberhasilan UMKM di Bidang Makanan dan Minuman di Kecamatan Koba pada Era Digital

This study aims to determine how much influence entrepreneurial characteristics and marketing strategies have on the success of MSMEs in the food and beverage sector in Koba District in the Digital Era. The sample of this study consisted of 82 respondents, determined using the Slovin formula and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that (1) Entrepreneurial characteristics have a partial positive effect on the success of MSMEs with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 and a t-count value of 7.559> t-table 1.990. (2) Marketing Strategy has a partial positive effect on the success of MSMEs with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 and a t-count value of 3.467> t-table 1.990. (3) Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Marketing Strategy have a simultaneous positive effect on the success of MSMEs with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 and an F-count value of 49.937> F-table 3.112.

PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN DAN GAYA HIDUP TERHADAP MINAT MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN PAYLATER (STUDI PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SORONG)

This research aims to find out whether financial literacy and Lifestye influence students' tendency to use Paylater. The independent variables in this research are financial literacy (X1) and lifestyle (X2), and the dependent variable in this research is interest in using Paylater (Y). This research uses a quantitative approach using descriptive and correlation methods. The sample in this study was taken using non-probability techniques with the Quota Sampling technique. The respondents used in this research were 264 Muhammadiyah Sorong University students who were drawn using the quota sampling technique. The research results show that the independent variables of financial literacy and lifestyle variables have a simultaneous and partial effect on the dependent variable Student interest in using Paylater.

Simultaneous effect of microwave sintering and TiO2 addition on sinterability, mechanical properties, and scratch resistance of zirconia toughened alumina ceramics

This paper delves into the transformative impact of varying titanium dioxide (TiO2) content on the sinterability, physical, and mechanical properties, as well as scratch behavior, of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic composites. By adjusting TiO2 content from 0 wt% to 5 wt% and employing advanced microwave sintering at 1150 °C, the study aims to lower the sintering temperature of ZTA. Microwave sintering, known for its efficiency and rapid processing, enables significant enhancements in material properties at reduced temperatures. Notably, incorporating TiO2 into ZTA yields remarkable improvements in physical and mechanical attributes, with the optimal TiO2 content determined to be 3 wt%. At this concentration, the composite achieves exceptional properties: a relative density of ∼99 %, microhardness of ∼2002 HV, and an indentation fracture toughness of ∼6.13 MPa m0.5. These enhancements represent increases of over 120 % in hardness and 61 % in toughness compared to TiO2-free ZTA. Additionally, the highest scratch resistance is observed at 3 wt% TiO2, evidenced by a minimal scratch depth of ∼7.53 μm. However, exceeding the 3 wt% solubility limit results in the formation of secondary phases, such as tialite (Al2TiO5) and zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4), which degrade the composite's properties. This research underscores the potential of TiO2 doping and microwave sintering to elevate the performance of ZTA ceramics, offering a pathway to superior materials for advanced applications.

Ultrasonic assisted removal of methyl orange and bovine serum albumin from wastewater using modified activated carbons: RSM optimization and reusability

Abstract The removal of industrial pollutants from water remains a significant challenge in water treatment processes. This study investigated the efficacy of powder-activated carbon (PAC), thermally modified PAC (TPAC), and chemically modified PAC (CPAC) for removing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methyl orange (MO) from simulated wastewater. After undergoing treatment, the BET surface area of TPAC increased to 823 m2/g, while that of CPAC increased to 657 m2/g compared to the initial surface area of pristine PAC, which was 619 m2/g. Batch adsorption experiments assisted by ultrasonication were conducted to evaluate the impact of solution pH, initial concentration, and contact time on the adsorption capacities (qmax) of BSA and MO. TPAC demonstrated superior performance, achieving qmax values of 152 mg/g for MO and 133 mg/g for BSA, compared to PAC, which provided qmax values of 124 mg/g and 112 mg/g for BSA, respectively. Furthermore, pH levels of 3 and 5 were identified as highly effective for the removal of MO and BSA from water, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of both MO and BSA followed pseudo2nd-order (R2 > 0.99) reaction kinetics under both batch and ultrasonic conditions, confirming the removal of contaminants through chemisorption. The adsorption trends also satisfied the Langmuir isothermal model, indicating the formation of a uniform monolayer during the adsorption process of these contaminants. To understand the simultaneous effect of all the variables, response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) was used to predict the adsorption capacities of CPAC. After five adsorption cycles, the removal efficiencies of MO (from 98% to 80%) and BSA (from 55% to 40%) decreased in the CPAC system. The results suggested that CPAC can be effectively utilized to remove MO from wastewater.