Effects Of Short-term Treatment Research Articles

Long- and short-term effects of propranolol hydrochloride treatment on very preterm newborns

Background: While propranolol hydrochloride (PH) is being more widely used in adult patients, its administration in the neonatal period as well is progressively on the rise in our time. With the increasing use of PH in the neonatal age period, worries resulting from the potential adverse effects of the agent on vital organs, such as brain, in particular, have come to the fore. Such concerns increase even more when PH is used in treating preterm infants. Our study, aiming to clarify these increasing concerns, is the first clinical one of its kind in the literature, conducted on very preterm infants, the patient group most vulnerable to PH treatment. Aims: To investigate possible short- and long-term side effects of using PH during the neonatal period and to provide information to clinicians regarding such side effects. Study Design: Case–control study. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. In the study, we included 36 very preterm infants subjected to PH treatment (0.5 mg/kg/6 h) initiated in the first postnatal month and lasting for approximately 1 month (PH group [PHG]) and 40 very preterm infants who received distilled water in place of PH (control group [CG]). The gestational age of all infants in the study was below 31+6 weeks, and their birth weight was under 1500 g. The patients' vital functions and physical development were monitored and recorded in patient follow-up forms. At approximately 1 year of age (CG: 9.73 ± 4.56 months and PHG: 10.8 ± 5.73 months), the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) were used to assess the mental development of the children. Results: In the PHG patients, PH treatment was initiated at 27.0 ± 2.7 days of life and lasted for 26.5 ± 8.7 days. The newborns in the CG received distilled water for similar durations. A statistically significant difference in blood sugar levels was detected between CG (78.4 ± 12.5) and PHG (65.6 ± 7.5) (P = 0.006). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of physical and mental development (ADSI and DDST-II) of the children at the end of the study (P > 0.05). Conclusions: When used on very preterm infants, PH may have some temporary effects on the patients' vital functions in the short term; however, no serious side effects were detected that may affect the physical and mental development in the long run.

Glucocorticoid transiently upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis in the osteoblast.

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss is the most prevalent form of secondary osteoporosis. Previous studies demonstrated that long-term incubation of dexamethasone (DEX) induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions, consequently leading to apoptosis of differentiated osteoblasts. This DEX-induced cell death might be the main causes of bone loss. We previously described that DEX induced biphasic mitochondrial alternations. As GC affects mitochondrial physiology through several different possible routes, the short-term and long-term effects of GC treatment on mitochondria in the osteoblast have not been carefully characterized. Here, we examined the expression levels of genes that are associated with mitochondrial functions at several different time points after incubation with DEX. Mitochondrial biogenesis-mediated genes nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) and Nrf2 were upregulated after 4-h incubation, and then declined after 24-h incubation, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis were transiently upregulated by DEX. In contrast, mitochondrial fusion gene optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) started to be elevated as the biogenesis started to decrease. Finally, the mitochondrial fission increased and apoptosis becomes prominent. Agree with the mitochondrial biphasic alterations hypothesis, the results suggested an early increase of mitochondrial activities and biogenesis upon DEX stimulation to the osteoblasts. The oxidative phosphorylation and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels increased results in oxidative stress accumulation, leading to mitochondrial fusion, and subsequently fission and triggering the apoptosis. Our results indicated that the primary effects of GC on mitochondria are promoting their functions and biogenesis. Mitochondrial breakdown and the activation of the apoptotic pathways appeared to be the secondary effect after long-term treatment.

Effect of short-term controlled atmospheres on the postharvest quality and sensory shelf life of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

ABSTRACT Marketing of raspberries is limited by their short postharvest life under refrigerated storage (<14 days). Short-term controlled atmospheres have been found to be effective in increasing the storage life of different crops and providing a more sustainable alternative to maintain postharvest quality compared to a continuous controlled atmosphere (CA). In this work, the effect of short-term CA treatments: early (15% CO2, 10% O2 for 3 days + air for 11 days) and intermediate (3 days in air +3 days 15% CO2, 10% O2 + 8 days in air) versus continuous CA on the postharvest quality of red raspberry cv. “Adelita” was evaluated. Short-term CA treatments significantly reduced weight loss during the first 6 days of storage. Early CA fruit showed longer sensory shelf life (SSL) values, and improved color parameters during storage compared to control.

Temporomandibular Bozukluklarda Artrosentezin Farklı Yaş Gruplarında Tedavi Etkinliğinin Kısa Dönemde Değerlendirilmesi

Temporomandibular Bozukluklarda Artrosentezin Farklı Yaş Gruplarında Tedavi Etkinliğinin Kısa Dönemde Değerlendirilmesi

Influence of silymarin and chromium picolinate on the pharmacotherapy of rats with induced diabetes

Food supplements are easily acquired and used in various countries. Silymarin has been indicated for diseases of the liver and Chromium picolinate has been indicated for body weight loss and for the improvement of glycemic index. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of short-term treatment with a combination of silymarin (50 mg/kg) and chromium picolinate (5 µg/kg) on the standard glibenclamide treatment (10 mg/kg) of rats with induced diabetes. DM2 was induced with streptozotocin. Experimental groups of rats: healthy control group, glibenclamide diabetic group, silymarin diabetic group, and silymarin, chromium picolinate and glibenclamide group. After 10 days of oral treatment, we determined body weight, fasting glycemia, glycemia 1 h after gastric gavage with sucrose, and AST and ALT transaminases. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that there was no change in body weight or fasting glycemia, but that glycemia increased after gavage with sucrose in the group submitted to combined therapy. Thus, we concluded that the combination of silymarin and chromium picolinate reduced the efficacy of glibenclamide in the short term, although the two substances had a protective effect on the liver as observed by the reduction of blood transaminase levels.

Research progress of two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection after hip and knee arthroplasties

To summarize the research progress of two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip and knee arthroplasties. The related literature on two-stage revision for PJI was summarized, and the new progress in the choice of spacers, systemic antibiotic therapy, and risk factors were analyzed. Two-stage revision is a common way to treat infection after hip and knee arthroplasties. The types of spacers used in the one-stage operation are diverse and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Non-articular spacers are mainly used for the patients with poor soft tissue conditions around the joints and severe bone defects. But the joint mobility is not good after the placement of the spacer. Articular spacers can restore the affected joint movement after operation, which is beneficial to the joint mobility after two-stage operation. The use of antibiotics is an indispensable part of the treatment process, and the effectiveness of short-term antibiotic treatment is similar to long-term treatment. Identifying the relevant risk factors that influence the prognosis of the two-stage revision can help preoperative management and reduce the recurrence rate of infection. There are still controversies about the choice of spacers and systemic antibiotic therapy during the two-stage revision and treatment of PJI. The factors affecting the prognosis of the two-stage revision need to be explored and the further high-quality research is needed.

Effect of Short-Term Dietary Intervention and Probiotic Mix Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Elderly Obese Women.

Accumulating literature is providing evidence that the gut microbiota is involved in metabolic disorders, but the question of how to effectively modulate it to restore homeostasis, especially in the elderly, is still under debate. In this study, we profiled the intestinal microbiota of 20 elderly obese women (EO) at the baseline (T0), after 15 days of hypocaloric Mediterranean diet administered as part of a nutritional-metabolic rehabilitation program for obesity (T1), and after a further 15 days of the same diet supplemented with a probiotic mix (T2). Fecal samples were characterized by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The EO microbiota showed the typical alterations found in obesity, namely, an increase in potential pro-inflammatory components (i.e., Collinsella) and a decrease in health-promoting, short-chain fatty acid producers (i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae members), with a tendency to reduced biodiversity. After 15 days of the rehabilitation program, weight decreased by (2.7 ± 1.5)% and the gut microbiota dysbiosis was partially reversed, with a decline of Collinsella and an increase in leanness-related taxa. During the next 15 days of diet and probiotics, weight dropped further by (1.2 ± 1.1)%, markers of oxidative stress improved, and Akkermansia, a mucin degrader with beneficial effects on host metabolism, increased significantly. These findings support the relevant role of a correct dietetic approach, even in the short term, to modulate the EO gut microbiota towards a metabolic health-related configuration, counteracting the increased risk of morbidity in these patients.

Short-term and long-term effects of a context-based vocabulary intervention for fifth-grade students with poor vocabulary knowledge

Short-term and long-term effects of a context-based vocabulary intervention for fifth-grade students with poor vocabulary knowledge

Effects of Pre-Processing Short-Term Hot-Water Treatments on Quality and Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Apple Slices.

Processing, especially cutting, reduces the shelf life of fruits. In practice, fresh-cut fruit salads are, therefore, often sold immersed in sugar syrups to increase shelf life. Pre-processing short-term hot-water treatments (sHWT) may further extend the shelf life of fresh-cuts by effectively reducing microbial contaminations before cutting. In this study, fresh-cut ‘Braeburn’ apples, a major component of fruit salads, were short-term (30 s) hot water-treated (55 °C or 65 °C), partially treated with a commercial anti-browning solution (ascorbic/citric acid) after cutting and, thereafter, stored immersed in sugar syrup. To, for the first time, comprehensively and comparatively evaluate the currently unexplored positive or negative effects of these treatments on fruit quality and shelf life, relevant parameters were analyzed at defined intervals during storage at 4 °C for up to 13 days. Compared to acid pre-treated controls, sHWT significantly reduced the microbial loads of apple slices but did not affect their quality during the 5 day-standard shelf life period of fresh-cuts. Yeasts were most critical for shelf life of fresh-cut apples immersed in sugar syrup. The combination of sHWT and post-processing acid treatment did not further improve quality or extend shelf life. Although sHWT could not extend potential maximum shelf life beyond 10 d, results highlighted the potentials of this technique to replace pre-processing chemical treatments and, thus, to save valuable resources.

Effectiveness of Short-Term Physical Agents Treatment on Macroscopic Morphology in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis

Effectiveness of Short-Term Physical Agents Treatment on Macroscopic Morphology in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis

P.364 Assessment of memory-guided saccade parameters to reveal short-term atypical anti-psychotic treatment effects in schizophrenia

P.364 Assessment of memory-guided saccade parameters to reveal short-term atypical anti-psychotic treatment effects in schizophrenia

Mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for uterine evacuation after early pregnancy failure: study protocol for a randomized double blinded placebo-controlled comparison (Triple M Trial)

BackgroundEarly pregnancy failure (EPF) is a common complication of pregnancy. If women do not abort spontaneously, they will undergo medical or surgical treatment in order to remove the products of conception from the uterus. Curettage, although highly effective, is associated with a risk of complications; medical treatment with misoprostol is a safe and less expensive alternative. Unfortunately, after 1 week of expectant management in case of EPF, medical treatment with misoprostol has a complete evacuation rate of approximately 50%. Misoprostol treatment results may be improved by pre-treatment with mifepristone; its effectiveness has already been proven for other indications of pregnancy termination.This study will test the hypothesis that, in EPF, the sequential combination of mifepristone with misoprostol is superior to the use of misoprostol alone in terms of complete evacuation (primary outcome), patient satisfaction, complications, side effects and costs (secondary outcomes).MethodsThe trial will be performed multi-centred, prospectively, two-armed, randomised, double-blinded and placebo-controlled. Women with confirmed EPF by ultrasonography (6–14 weeks), managed expectantly for at least 1 week, can be included and randomised to pre-treatment with oral mifepristone (600 mg) or oral placebo (identical in appearance). Randomisation will take place after receiving written consent to participate. In both arms pre-treatment will be followed by oral misoprostol, which will start 36–48 h later consisting of two doses 400 μg (4 hrs apart), repeated after 24 h if no tissue is lost. Four hundred sixty-four women will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by centre.Ultrasonography 2 weeks after treatment will determine short term treatment effect. When the gestational sac is expulsed, expectant management is advised until 6 weeks after treatment when the definitive primary endpoint, complete or incomplete evacuation, will be determined. A sonographic endometrial thickness < 15 mm using only the allocated therapy by randomisation is considered as successful treatment. Secondary outcome measures (patient satisfaction, complications, side effects and costs) will be registered using a case report form, patient diary and validated questionnaires (Short Form 36, EuroQol-VAS, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire).DiscussionThis trial will answer the question if, in case of EPF, after at least 1 week of expectant management, sequential treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol is more effective than misoprostol alone to achieve complete evacuation of the products of conception.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov (d.d. 02-07-2017): NCT03212352.Trialregister.nl (d.d. 03-07-2017): NTR6550.EudraCT number (d.d. 07-08-2017): 2017–002694-19.File number Commisie Mensgebonden Onderzoek (d.d. 07-08-2017): NL 62449.091.17.

Refractive Outcome in Preterm Newborns With ROP After Propranolol Treatment. A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Recent explorative studies suggest that propranolol reduces retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) progression, but the short-term effects of propranolol treatment at 1 year of corrected age have not been extensively evaluated.Methods: A multi-center retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to assess the physical development and the refractive outcome of infants with prior ROP treated with propranolol. Forty-nine infants treated with propranolol were compared with an equal number of patients who did not receive any propranolol therapy and represent the control group, with comparable anthropometrical characteristics and stages of ROP.Results: The weight, length, and head circumference at 1 year of corrected age were similar between infants who had been treated, or not, with propranolol, without any statistically significant differences. Refractive evaluation at 1 year showed spherical equivalent values decreasing with the progression of ROP toward more severe stages of the disease, together with an increasing number of infants with severe myopia. On the contrary, no differences were observed between infants who had been treated with propranolol and those who had not.Conclusion: This study confirms that the progression of ROP induces an increase of refractive errors and suggests that propranolol itself does not affect the refractive outcome. Therefore, if the efficacy of propranolol in counteracting ROP progression is confirmed by further clinical trials, the conclusion will be that propranolol might indirectly improve the visual outcome, reducing the progression of ROP.

Scar endometriosis: Does the medical treatment with LHRH analogue have an effect on its symptomatology and lesions sizes?

Background: Endometriosis defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma like tissues outside the uterine cavity. Scar endometriosis (SE) is a rare entity that is difficult to reach diagnosis due to the absence of a uniform clinical presentation with a variety in symptomatology and signs. It is usually a conflict for physicians of different specialists (surgeon, dermatologist, obstetrician, and gynecologist) that delay diagnosis. Objective Studying the effect of medical treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue on pain and mass size as a short-term therapy for cases with scar endometriosis that help postponing and reducing dissection size of the surgical intervention. Patients and Methods: Our study included 14 patients, aged 18 to 40 y, having a previous gynecological or obstetric operation, a painful scar that may increase with menstruation, tender scar and mass palpable under scar diagnosed as scar endometriosis seen in our Mansoura University Hospital (MUH) and Private Clinic over 4.5 years. All patients underwent the following steps to reach a diagnosis ; history taking, examination and lab investigation, operative details and pain (visual analog scale). VAS scores pre-treatment were recorded then patients referred to ultrasound evaluation where any patients with suspicion of scar endometrioma underwent confirmation with FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology). Patients diagnosed as scar endometriomas received LHRH analogue (Zoladex 3.6mg/month) for 6 months, then VAS score and ultrasound mass size were performed monthly and at the end of the medical treatment period. Patients who had no pain relief at the end of the treatment period were prepared for wide surgical excision with safety margins. Evaluation of the effect of short-term medical treatment as the post-treatment pain VAS score and mass size in comparison to their pretreatment findings were recorded in addition to its effect on surgical intervention postpone.Results: The study of the 14 patients showed that mean±SD of age was 28.79±4.99, mean±SD of BMI was 26.4 ±1.7, previous operation scar (Umbilical laparoscopic port 2 [14.3%], episiotomy 3 [21.4%] and cesarean scar (CS) scar 9[64.3%]). Cystic mass was 8[57.1%], heterogeneous mass was 6 [42.9%] and mean±SD of US size/cm was 2.42±0.67 (1.6-4.1). Median of pain duration/months was 26.0 (5.0-60.0). Mean±SD of pain VAS score before treatment was 8.0 (6.0-10.0), while after was 2.0 (0-8.0). Median of pain VAS score in cases with cystic lesions before and after treatment was 7.5 (6.0-9.0) and 1.0(0.0-7.0), respectively, with a statistically significant difference. Also, median of pain VAS score in cases with heterogeneous lesions before and after treatment was 9.0 (7.0-10.0) and 7.0 (2.0-8.0), respectively, with a statistically significant difference with more pain relieve in cystic cases than heterogenous one. Patients needed for surgical intervention and not responding to medical treatment were 8 [57.1%]. The cut of the level of US size of cystic lesions was ≤2.65cm, while for heterogeneous lesions was ≤2.20cm with an accuracy of 87.5% and 83.3 %, respectively.Conclusion: LHRH analogue short-term treatment for scar endometriosis is significantly effective in pain to relieve and decrease mass size in cystic lesions ≤2.65cm and heterogeneous lesions ≤2.05cm that allow surgical intervention postpone and minimize surgical dissection site.

An Evaluation of Survival Curve Extrapolation Techniques Using Long-Term Observational Cancer Data.

Objectives. Uncertainty in survival prediction beyond trial follow-up is highly influential in cost-effectiveness analyses of oncology products. This research provides an empirical evaluation of the accuracy of alternative methods and recommendations for their implementation. Methods. Mature (15-year) survival data were reconstructed from a published database study for “no treatment,” radiotherapy, surgery plus radiotherapy, and surgery in early stage non–small cell lung cancer in an elderly patient population. Censored data sets were created from these data to simulate immature trial data (for 1- to 10-year follow-up). A second data set with mature (9-year) survival data for no treatment was used to extrapolate the predictions from models fitted to the first data set. Six methodological approaches were used to fit models to the simulated data and extrapolate beyond trial follow-up. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the relative difference in mean survival estimates and the absolute error in the difference in mean survival v. the control with those from the original mature survival data set. Results. Model performance depended on the treatment comparison scenario. All models performed reasonably well when there was a small short-term treatment effect, with the Bayesian model coping better with shorter follow-up times. However, in other scenarios, the most flexible Bayesian model that could be estimated in practice appeared to fit the data less well than the models that used the external data separately. Where there was a large treatment effect (hazard ratio = 0.4), models that used external data separately performed best. Conclusions. Models that directly use mature external data can improve the accuracy of survival predictions. Recommendations on modeling strategies are made for different treatment benefit scenarios.

The Effects of Short-term Preoperative Treatment With Hormonal Therapy on Gene Profiles in Breast Cancer

The Effects of Short-term Preoperative Treatment With Hormonal Therapy on Gene Profiles in Breast Cancer

Proteomic Identification of Pathways Responsible for the Estradiol Therapeutic Window in AD Animal Models.

Benefits and risks were reported for hormone therapy (HT) to prevent chronic disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) found no protective effect of HT on the cognitive function of women whose treatment was initiated far past the onset of menopause, other studies showed reduced risk of AD with midlife treatment, versus increased risk of AD with late treatment. These suggest a critical window during which estradiol must be administered to prevent cognitive decline and AD in women. Our published work supports this, by demonstrating that early and long-term estradiol treatment improves cognitive function and reduce Aβ accumulation in AD mouse models with estradiol deficiency, while there is no effect of late and short-term estradiol treatment on AD neuropathogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the critical window and whether different protein networks are responsible for the brain estradiol deficiency-associated risk of AD in females. In this study, we used proteomics to identify target protein pathways that are activated during the estradiol therapeutic window in AD mouse model. Our results showed that different signaling pathways were involved in the regulatory effects of estradiol on MAP1A and hemoglobin α. Estradiol treatment increased the level of MAP1A through the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and increased the level of hemoglobin α through the phosphorylation of AKT. This study has provided molecular insights into the “critical window” theory and identifies specific target proteins of therapeutic responsiveness that may lead to improved treatment strategies and optimal estradiol therapy.

Effects of short-term deep brain stimulation in subthalamic nucleus on glucose metabolism in Parkinson′s disease

Objective To study the effect of short-term treatment of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD) and its relationship with the change of brain motor-related nerve pathways. Methods Five patients (2 males, 3 females; age: (63.6±11.8) years) with PD who underwent STN DBS between January 2014 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in DBS-off state before and 3 months after operation. Quantitative expression of PD-related metabolic pattern (PDRP) were calculated by scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis (SSM/PCA) on PET images. Brain regions with changes of glucose metabolism after DBS were located by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired t test. Results Compared with pre-operation, PDRP expression (5.1±1.3 vs 2.9±1.8) and unified Parkinson′s disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor score (50.2±8.2 vs 28.0±5.4) of PD patients were significantly decreased 3 months after STN DBS (t values: 6.17 and 3.88, both P<0.05). After DBS, the glucose metabolism of bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus, insula, pons and cerebellum decreased, while the glucose metabolism of bilateral prefrontal motor area and parietooccipital lobe increased (t=3.75, P<0.01). Conclusions Short-term STN DBS therapy can inhibit the cortico-striatum-pallidum-hypothalamus-cortex motor loop, which is abnormally excitable in the brain of PD. PDRP, as an imaging characterization of the regulation of this loop, is expected to become an imaging marker for monitoring the treatment of PD. Key words: Parkinson disease; Deep brain stimulation; Subthalamic nucleus; Positron-emission tomography; Deoxyglucose

Effect of short-term mindfulness intervention on anxiety and perceptual stress among senior high school students

Objective To explore the internal mechanism of short-term mindfulness intervention in reducing individual anxiety and stress perception. Methods Totally 134 subjects were recruited and randomized into attention group (n=53), acceptance group (n=41) and control group (n=40). Attention group received observation of breathing intervention program, acceptance group received acceptance of negative emotions intervention program and the control group did not intervene mindfulness and read the social science materials of history. Before and after intervention, cancelled tasks were used to stimulate anxiety and stress perception, and self-rating anxiety scale and Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS) were used to measure anxiety and stress perception level, and the results of cancelled tasks were recorded. Variance analysis and multiple linear regression were used for data statistics. Results The changes of anxiety in attention group and acceptance group((-1.44±2.42)and(-1.06±2.58)) were significantly higher than that in control group(0.08±2.56)(both P 0.05). The attention group had significant predictive effect on anxiety in post-projected cancellative task compared with the control group (t=-2.84, P 0.05). Conclusion Attention and acceptance play different roles in short-term mindfulness training. Attention factor in mindfulness plays a key role in reducing anxiety level in individual tasks. Key words: Mindfulness; Acceptance; Attention; Perceptual stress; Senior high school students

Exercise and Arterial Stiffness in the Elderly: A Combined Cross-Sectional and Randomized Controlled Trial (EXAMIN AGE).

Introduction:Arterial stiffness (AST) is a main determinant of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Long-term physical activity (PA) is considered to decrease age-related progression of AST but effects of short-term exercise interventions on AST remain unclear.Methods:In a combined cross-sectional and interventional study approach, we investigated the effects of long-term PA and short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on AST in an older population. 147 older individuals (mean age 59 ± 7 years) were assigned to three groups according to their PA and CV risk profile and compared: healthy active (HA, n = 35), healthy sedentary (HS, n = 33) and sedentary at risk (SR, n = 79). In addition, SR were randomized to either 12 weeks of HIIT or standard recommendations. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was performed by symptom-limited spiroergometry to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:Higher CRF was associated with lower PWV (p < 0.001) and VO2max explained 18% of PWV variance. PWV was higher in SR (8.2 ± 1.4 m/s) compared to HS (7.5 ± 1.6 m/s) and HA (7.0 ± 1.1 m/s; p < 0.001). 12 weeks of HIIT did not change PWV in SR. HIIT-induced reduction in systolic BP was associated with a reduction in PWV (p < 0.05).Discussion:SR show higher PWV compared to HS and long-term PA is associated with lower PWV. Reduction of AST following short-term HIIT seems to depend on a concomitant decrease in blood pressure. Our study puts into perspective the effects of long- and short-term exercise on arterial wall integrity as treatment options for CV prevention in an older population.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02796976 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796976).