Effect Of Shear Connectors Research Articles

A review on the various factors influencing the structural behaviour of TRC sandwich elements

This review article discusses the structural performance of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) sandwich structures consisting of two outer TRC faces and a rigid core insulation. Sandwich structures offer advantages such as lightweight construction and thermal insulation. Hence, the application of the non-corrosive TRC as the facings of sandwich panels helps in reducing the overall thickness and weight of the panels by replacing the reinforced concrete faces and eliminating the thick concrete cover. The strength, stiffness and load-carrying capacity of TRC sandwich panels are governed by several factors such as thickness of the face, density of the core material, reinforcement ratio, the use of shear stiffeners, etc. In this review article, the influence of various parameters such as face thickness, type of textile, number of textile layers, core thickness and core density are addressed. The effect of shear connectors on enhancing the composite behaviour of TRC sandwich panels is also discussed.

Flexural behavior of hybrid FRP-recycled aggregate concrete-steel hollow beams

Hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel (FCS) hollow members are a new form of structural members possessing superior mechanical behavior and durability. Such members consist of an outer FRP tube, one or more inner steel tubes, and the concrete filled between the tubes. Existing studies on such members have been mainly focused on their use as columns; limited studies have been conducted on their use as flexural members. Besides, the effect of shear connectors between the steel tube and the concrete on the behavior of hybrid FCS hollow flexural members has not been investigated in detail. This paper, therefore, presents the results of an experimental program on the flexural behavior of hybrid FCS hollow beams with a rectangular hollow cross section. Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was used for the purposes of addressing the serious issue of construction waste nowadays and capitalizing the advantage of FRP confinement in enhancing the performance of RAC. The test results showed that such hybrid FCS hollow beams are very ductile, and the shear connectors play a significant role on the behavior of such beams. Finally, a theoretical beam model based on conventional section analysis was proposed to predict the results of the test hybrid FCS hollow beams.

The effect of shear connectors on the strength, serviceability and dynamic response of composite floors using cold-formed steel beams and concrete in decking

In recent years, the use of cold-formed steel sections in low-rise industrial and commercial building construction has increased significantly. Recent work has shown that composite action in floor systems consisting of cold-formed steel (CFS) sections is possible and that it can lead to substantial improvements in structural performance. However, limited guidelines have yet been established for composite systems comprising of CFS sections in order to allow the beneficial effect of composite action to be exploited. The aim of this study is to (a) investigate the effect of different shear connectors on the static and dynamic behaviour of composite action in floors comprising of CFS beams and (b) to investigate if conventional guidelines (such as SANS 10162-1/CSA S16) for hot-rolled composite beams can be applied to composite systems comprising of CFS sections. This paper presents an experimental study of five identical full-scale composite floors, but with different shear connectors, under four-point loading. Additionally, vibration tests were conducted for each floor, and natural frequencies were obtained. The proportion of shear connectivity was varied between 0 and 100 % in the experiments, in addition to considering a plate to link connectors into the concrete flange. It was found that if adequate shear connection is provided, composite action can reliably be achieved in composite systems comprising of CFS sections. Furthermore, all floors had a first natural frequency larger than 10.2 Hz, which was assumed to be the lower limit for a system to not be susceptible to resonance. The results indicated that the shear connectors have a substantial effect on the ultimate limit state behaviour and that it may improve vibration response, although further work is needed.

Effects of Shear Connectors on Flexural Properties of RC-CLT Composite Slab

Effects of Shear Connectors on Flexural Properties of RC-CLT Composite Slab

Effect of shear connectors on strength of structural sandwich panels

This study investigates the structural behavior of precast lightweight sandwich panels with dimensions of (500 × 500 mm) and 120 mm height. Specimens consists of three layers: concrete face wythes (with thicknesses of 45 mm and grades of (80, 70) MPa) and high-density foam (with thickness of 30 mm) as a core material. Steel and carbon fiber shear connectors (rods and strips) were used in panels with angles of (45°, 60° and 90°). Three-point flexure load test was carried out on all panels. Obtained results were studied with predicted ultimate loads from ANSYS software and the theoretical extremes capacities of 0% and full-composite cases to evaluate the effects of changing components. Strength/weight ratio and degree of composite action were obtained to can judge the panels with effective parameter. It was found that adding carbon fiber strips has a high positive effect in degree of composite action. Steel bars shear connectors were the optimum shear connectors’ type with high strength concrete. Carbon fiber strips and rods shear connectors were the best shear connectors’ type with light high strength concrete. All properties of specimens enhanced with the decrease of the angle of shear connectors with both of steel and carbon fiber shear connectors. Angle of 45° is the optimum angle that resists the flexure load, obtaining high degree of composite action and high strength/weight ratio. It also obtained the highest percent of predicted ultimate loads from ANSYS software.

Flexural Behaviour of a Cold-Formed Steel-Concrete Composite Beam with Channel Type Shear Connector – An Experimental and Analytical Study

Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used in the current construction of bridges and multi-storey buildings. The effect of shear connectors in a cold-formed steel-composite beam was studied under flexure. The number of channel connectors in the specimen was varied and the same was compared with a specimen without shear connectors. The performance and failure of cold-formed steel-composite beams were then studied. The presence of shear connectors in the tension zone prevents the formation of cracks which are the major cause of failure in a beam subjected to bending. The load-carrying capacity is greater in a composite beam and an increase in the number of channel connectors from one to five increases the load-carrying capacity by 60 % as compared to a specimen without a connector. A composite beam with five connectors is more ductile, with a ductility factor of 14. The Composite beams were also analysed using the finite element software ANSYS and were found to have good agreement with the experimental results.

A Comparative Study of Ultimate Strength and Behaviour of Steel Concrete Composite Beam with Shear Connectors Subjected to Pure Torsion

This study concerns the employment of pure torsion analysis to determine ultimate strength of composite beam with shear connectors. The effect of shear connector is used for increasing the strength and stiffness of composite beam. This behavior is influenced by physical response of the beam under pure torsion. Totally 12 beams are tested and comparative analysis has been made within this 12 beams. The curvature, rotation and angle of twist are calculated throughout entire load by torsion test. This investigation proves that the composite beam with 75 mm spaced shear connector provides good ultimate strength.

Improving the Failure Mode of Over-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites

AbstractOver-reinforced sections fail suddenly by compression concrete crushing when their ultimate compressive strain has been exceeded but the longitudinal reinforcement strain has not yielded. This study investigates the use of cementitious repair materials for the compression side of over-reinforced concrete beams to change their failure mode to ductile failure. In this study, 11 over-reinforced concrete beams were cast (1 as a control specimen and 10 as strengthened beams). The study’s strengthening material was an ultra-high-performance strain-hardening cementitious composite (UHP-SHCC). The effect of shear connectors with the strengthening material was investigated. Meanwhile, replacement of the concrete cover, use of a welded wire mesh inside the additional layer, and concrete strength were tested. Crack pattern and failure modes were noted, and deflection behavior, failure loads, steel strains, and crack width were measured. The tests results showed that using strengthening UHP-SHCC material is a...

3D FE modeling considering shear connectors representation and number in CBGB

The use of composite structures is increasingly present in civil building works. Composite Box Girder Bridges (CBGB), particularly, are study of effect of shear connector's numbers and distribution on the behavior of CBGBs is submitted. A Predicti structures consisting of two materials, both connected by metal devices known as shear connectors. The main functions of these connectors are to allow for the joint behavior of the girder-deck, to restrict longitudinal slipping and uplifting at the element's interface and to take shear forces. This paper presents 3D numerical models of CBGBs to simulate their actual structural behavior, with emphasis on the girder-deck interface. Additionally, a Prediction of several FE models is assessed against the results acquired from a field test. A number of factors are considered, and confirmed through experiments, especially full shear connections, which are obviously essential in composite box girder. A good representation for shear connectors by suitable element type is considered. Numerical predictions of vertical displacements at critical sections fit fairly well with those evaluated experimentally. The agreement between the FE models and the experimental models show that the FE model can aid engineers in design practices of box girder bridges. Preliminary results indicate that number of shear studs can be significantly reduced to facilitate adoption of a new arrangement in modeling CBGBs with full composition. However, a further feasibility study to investigate the practical and economic aspects of such a remedy is recommended, and it may represent partial composition in such modeling.

Behaviour of a concrete-filled steel tube beam–column T-joint

This paper presents an experimental study for different details of a beam–column T-joint made from a concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) system, where both girder and column were CFT type. A total of ten half-scale specimens divided into three groups were studied. Group No. 1 was a control group to obtain a comprehensive overview of the CFT system compared with reinforced concrete, and also to study the effect of shear connectors in both girder and columns on the general behaviour of such a system. The remaining two groups represented two different details of beam to column connection with different strengthening techniques. Global responses such as the peak strength, deformation, strain and ductility achieved were recorded and analysed under the effect of monotonic static loading. The experimental data showed the great influence of the shear connectors and detailing of the joint on the overall behaviour of such joints made from CFTs. In addition, the superiority of the CFT system over the equivalent reinforced concrete system under the same loading conditions is highlighted.

Effects of shear connectors on plate-reinforced composite coupling beams of short and medium-length spans

Experimental studies on the newly proposed design of plate-reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beams have been carried out. Previous results have demonstrated the useful application of this design in coupling beams of medium span-to-depth ratios ( l / h ) under both inelastic seismic and elastic wind loading. This paper presents further experimental studies on five PRC coupling beams, which investigated the importance of shear connectors on plate/reinforced concrete composite action. Three medium-length ( l / h = 2.5 ) and two short ( l / h = 1.17 ) PRC coupling beams, each containing a vertically embedded steel plate, were tested under reversed cyclic loading. While one short beam was welded with expanded metal meshes on the plate surfaces, others were welded with shear studs on the plates in the wall regions and/or the beam spans. Results showed that the expanded metal meshes did not work effectively, and while the shear studs in the beam span only slightly increased the beam capacity, those in the wall regions contributed considerably in improving inelastic beam performance.