Effectiveness Of Sensory Integration Therapy Research Articles

Assessment of factors influencing the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy in preschool and early school-aged children

Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the factors influencing the effectiveness of sensory integration (SI) therapy in children with sensory processing disorders (SPD). Materials and Methods. The research involved 49 children, aged 3 to 10 years, diagnosed with SPD. The study was conducted at the "Plastuś" Sensory Integration Clinics in Lodz. The research tools included acustomized questionnaire and the Sensory-Motor Questionnaire according to Z. Przyrowski. Results. The therapy showed the most significant improvement in the areas of smell (93%) and vision (69%). Progress in treatment related to muscle tension, function of the vestibular system with hyposensitivity, and coordination was affected by the examined children's age. Upon termination of SI therapy, 16% of patients showed no risk of SPD. Conclusions. SI therapy proved to be most successful in the areas of smell, vision, touch, and the hyposensitivity of the vestibular system, with the most significant correlations in progress observed between hearing, attention, and behavioral patterns. Therapy resulted in reduction in the number of areas at risk of SPD, and progress in treatment was influenced by age, the onset of walking, chronic illnesses, and the week of childbirth.

Effectiveness of sensory integration therapy in children, focusing on Korean children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sensory integration intervention is highly related to the child's effective interaction with the environment and the child's development. Currently, various sensory integration interventions are being applied, but research methodological problems are arising due to unsystematic protocols. This study aims to present the optimal intervention protocol by presenting scientific standards for sensory integration intervention through meta-analysis. To prove the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy, examine the latest trend of sensory integration studies in Korea, and provide clinical evidence for sensory integration therapies. The database of Korean search engines, including RISS, KISS, and DBpia, was used to search for related literature published from 2001 to October 2020. The keywords, "Children", "Sensory integration", "Integrated sensory", "Sensory-motor", and "Sensory stimulation" were used in this search. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted on 24 selected studiesRISS, KISS, and DBpia, was used to search for related literature published from 2001 to October 2020. The keywords, "Children", "Sensory integration", "Integrated sensory", "Sensory-motor", and "Sensory stimulation" were used in this search. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted on 24 selected studies. Sensory integration intervention has been proven effective in children with cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental disorder, and intellectual disability in relation to the diagnosis of children. Regarding sensory integration therapies, 1:1 individual treatment with a therapist or a therapy session lasting for 40 min was most effective. In terms of dependent variables, sensory integration therapy effectively promoted social skills, adaptive behavior, sensory processing, and gross motor and fine motor skills. The results of this study may be used as therapeutic evidence for sensory integration intervention in the clinical field of occupational therapy for children, and can help to present standards for sensory integration intervention protocols.

Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy on Functional Mobility in Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Background A set of non-progressive brain abnormalities and nervous system dysfunctions are referred to as cerebral palsy (CP). Due to this,the child's mobility, eyesight, learning, and thought processes are affected. It can evolve before, through birth, or the firstyear of a child's life.The activity through which the brain organizes and analyses external sensations like touch, motion, body awareness, vision, hearing, and gravity is indicated as sensory integration. The use of sensory integration therapy (SIT)necessitates that the sensorimotor exercises target the specific parts of difficulties that the child experiences daily. This study aims tostudy the effectiveness of SIT on functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic CP. Methods In this study, 40 children of CP with spastic diplegic who met the inclusion and exclusion criterion were enlisted and were separated into two groups, with Group A (n=20) receiving SITfor 25 minutes along with conventional physiotherapy for 20 minutes, and Group B (n=20) were given conventional physiotherapy for 45 minutes. A four-week therapy plan was followed. Short sensory profile (SSP) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Pediatric mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and Modified Ashworth Scale were taken as outcome measures. Results SIT along with traditional treatment is described in the study protocol which aids CP children to improve themselves. Following a four-week protocol, combined therapy of SIT and conventional physiotherapy show an effect on the motor function of the children. After therapy, scores in GMFCS and SSP improved. By using Student's paired t-test, a statistically significant difference was found in GMFCS score at pre and post-test treatment in group A (7.28, p=0.0001) and group B (4.48, p=0.0001),in SSP score at pre and post-test treatment in group A (27.91, p=0.0001) and group B (11.31, p=0.0001), in MMSE score at pre- and post-test treatment in group A (6.89, p=0.0001) and group B (6.32, p=0.0001). The significance threshold was p<0.0001. Conclusion Under the study's experimental conditions, both groups showed substantial improvements in the functional mobility of children. When the efficacy of SIT along with conventional physiotherapy was examined, the impact resulted in a significantly greater improvement in the functional mobility of spastic diplegic CP children.

The Effects of Sensory Integration Therapy on Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SIT on developmentally disabled children with sensory integration disorder.

AUGMENTED EFFECTS OF SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY AND VIRTUAL REALITY ON MOVEMENT AND BALANCE ISSUES IN CEREBRAL PALSY: A PILOT STUDY

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) causes many sensory and motor deficits in children which may lead to deterioration of their functional activities and daily life. Effective interventions are required to be worked on, which can improve the movement status of such subjects. Objective: To determine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) in addition with virtual reality (VR) and Conventional Physical Therapy in subjects with cerebral palsy. Methods: A Pilot randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted at Pakistan Railway Hospital Rawalpindi from July to December 2019. The n=26 subjects were recruited after fulfilment of inclusion criteria; male and female diagnosed spastic CP subjectswith age 5-12 years, gross motor function classification system (GMFC) level I-II, can independently walk ≥ 5 meters, spasticity of lower limb &lt;3 on Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), able to understand commands and play gamesThe subjects were randomly divided into group A, receiving sensory integration therapy (SIT) in addition to virtual reality (VR) and conventional physical therapy CPT), while group B received only virtual reality (VR) and conventional physical therapy CPT). The interventions were given for 6 weeks with assessments at baseline, 3rd and 6th weeks. The outcome measures were gross motor function measurement (GMFM) for assessment of gross motor functions, pediatric balance scale (PBS) for assessment of balance in children and 2-minute walk test (2MWT) for mobility. The analysis was done via SPSS 21 and ANOVA test was applied. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 7.52±2.25 years. The balance Scale and 2-minute walk test showed significant interaction (p&lt;0.001) between intervention and time. Between group analyses done by one way ANOVA, the assessment at 3rd and 6 weeks has shown significant difference (p&lt;0.001) for GMFM standing, walking/running and total along with PBS and 2 MWT. Conclusion: Augmentation of sensory integration therapy with virtual reality has significant effects on improving gross motor functions, balance and mobility in cerebral palsy as compared to virtual reality. Keywords: Balance, cerebral palsy, gross motor functions, virtual reality, sensory integration therapy

Effects of Sensory Integration Therapy with Sibling on Peer Interactions among Children with Disabilities

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying sensory integration therapy on the peer interaction of siblings with children with disabilities. These subjects were preschool children aged between 3 and 7 years who had used the child development center. A total of 20 children were recruited, 10 for the experimental and control groups. Then, 10 healthy siblings of children with disability supported the experimental group and compared with the control group. The sibling sensory integration therapy was performed in the experimental group, whereas individual sensory integration therapy was conducted in the control group. The treatment was administered once a week for a total of 10 weeks, 40 min per session, and 10-min interview with the children's parents. Based on the theory of sensory integration therapy, play that meets the neurological needs of each child was selected and provided. The total score is 0-96 points, indicating that the higher the score, the more negative peer interactions, and that the lower the score, the more positive the peer interactions. Among them, 22–29 and 31 questions were scored in reverse because they meant that the lower the score, the more negative the interactions. This tool is divided into three subcategories: play disruption (13 questions), disconnection (11 questions), and interaction (8 questions). A significant difference was confirmed in the area of play disruption in the experimental group and total scores; however, no significant difference was observed in the other areas. When sensory integration therapy intervention was applied to children with disability and their siblings, it was more effective within the play disruption area of peer interaction than in children with disability without a sibling.

Combined sensory integration therapy plus neurodevelopmental therapy (NT) versus NT alone for motor and attention in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

In this study, we aimed to analyze the incremental effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) plus neurodevelopmental therapy (NT) versus NT alone on the attention and motor skills in children with Down syndrome (DS). We randomly assigned into experimental (i.e. SIT + NT; n = 21) and control (i.e. NT alone; n = 21) groups. While NT was applied to both groups for six weeks, SIT was applied simultaneously to the experimental group for six weeks. Participants’ motor functions (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short form (BOT-2 SF)) and attention skills (Stroop TBAG (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Association) Form) were evaluated before and after treatment (6 weeks later). Stroop TBAG and BOT-2 SF scores of the groups were similar at the baseline (p > 0.05). Significant improvement from baseline was observed in both BOT-2 SF, and Stroop TBAG results in both groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the improvement in both BOT-2 SF and Stroop TBAG results was found to be greater in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). There were clear advantages to adding SIT to NT alone when seeking to improve motor and attention skills in children with DS.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy With and Without an Assistive Robot on Social Interaction of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background and Aims Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder. Weakness in social interactions and sensory disorders are the problems of children with ASD. These children are weak in social interactions with other children and their therapists. Robots may be used as a friend or assistive therapist to teach different social and cognitive skills to them. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy with and without an assistive robot on social interaction of children with ASD. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest/follow-up design using a control group. The study population consists of all children with ASD aged 7-9 years in Tehran, Iran. Of these, 45 children with a moderate level of ASD were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Data collection tool was the social interaction subscale of the second edition of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. Both experimental groups received sensory integration therapy at 15 sessions, while only one group received the therapy with an assistive robot at 15 sessions. The data were collected before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance in SPSS v. 22 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results showed that the sensory integration therapy with and without the use of an assistive robot were significantly effective in improving the social interactions of children with ASD, where the sensory integration therapy with an assistive robot had a greater effect (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion The sensory integration therapy with an assistive robot is more effective in improving the social interactions of children with ASD compared to the sensory integration therapy without the use of an assistive robot.

SENSORY-INTEGRATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN WITH MULTIPLE DISABILITIES

In recent years, sensory-integration therapy has emerged as one of the most popular treatments for aggressive behavior in children with different disorders. This article is devoted to an experimental study aimed at determining the effects of sensory-integration therapy on the aggressive behavior of children with multiple disabilities. Eighteen children participated in the study. The registration of the children's behavioral responses for 24 consecutive school days allowed the collection of evidence in support of the thesis in the study. The individual child’s frequency of aggressive behaviors in four domains was recording on 12 days while undergoing sensory-integrative therapy and 12 days without a treatment with sensory-integrative techniques. The following methods were used in the analysis of the results: Paired samples t-tests to test the four null hypotheses, a Shaprio-Wilk test for the assumption of normality, Cohen's d to determine the effect size attributable to the therapy, and descriptive statistics for the dependent variables. The statistical results indicated a high level of significance for the three variables: aggression towards property, physical aggression, and aggression toward self. The obtained average values for the three modules are evidence for the positive effects of the sensory-based therapy in children with emotional and behavioral problems. The fourth variable, verbal aggression did not show a statistically significant difference between the mean values before and after the sensory-based intervention.

Effects of sensory integration therapy and home program centered on vestibulo-proprioceptive sensory on COPM, COMPS-Ⅱ, and VMI-Ⅵ of children with autism spectrum disorder

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sensory integration therapy and home program centering on vestibulo-proprioceptive sensory on the occupational performance, motor and posture skills, and visual-motor integration of children with autism spectrum disorders. Method: Ten children with autism spectrum disorder were subjected to sensory integration therapy centered on vestibulo-proprioceptive sensory and a home program. Sensory integration therapy was performed once a week for 8 weeks, 40 minutes each, and the home program was performed 5 times a week, 10 minutes each, for 8 weeks. Children s performance capacity was evaluated using COPM, COMPS-II, and VIM-IV. Results: As a result of COPM evaluation, performance was 3.39±1.15 before intervention and 5.19± 0.91 after intervention(p<.05), and satisfaction was 3.71±0.96 before intervention and 5.39±1.26 after intervention(p<.05). The results of COMPS-Ⅱ were 3.61±2.38 before the intervention and 4.42±3.04 after the intervention. The standard time-motor coordination score of VMI-VI was 55.50±14.95 points before intervention and 64.40±17.04 after intervention(p<.05). Conclusion: Through this study, it was confirmed that sensory integration therapy and home program centered on vestibulo-proprioceptive sensory in children with autism spectrum disorders affect the children s occupational performance, motor and postural skills, and visual-motor integration.

Effects of Sensory Interventions on Fatigue in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

Fatigue is 1 of the most common and annoying symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory interventions on fatigue in people with MS based on a systematic review of sensory evidence. The Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2020. Studies with nonpharmacologic sensory interventions as a main or secondary intervention according to the assessment of fatigue as the primary or secondary therapy outcome in patients with MS were included. Nine articles were reviewed by examining the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four types of interventions were related to exercises, including sensory integration exercises, vestibular rehabilitation, Frenkel exercises, and exercises with or without vibration; and 2 types were performed using robots and 1 type using vibration only. Vestibular rehabilitation therapies, exercise-based sensory integration interventions, and the use of vibration have shown significant effects in relieving fatigue in patients with MS. The evidence in this study is insufficient to show a dramatic effect of sensory integration therapy in various forms. However, despite the studies, sensory integration therapy can be considered a potential treatment for fatigue in patients with MS. Further studies with stronger methods are needed to make this treatment a reality.

Effects of Sensory Integration Therapy for Siblings on Children with Disabilities: Focusing on the Observation of Quality Changes through Interview with Their Primary Caregiver

Sensory integration therapy is an area of intervention that should be of interest to occupational therapists, physical therapists, and special education. However, research has been continuously required to establish confidence due to the lack of consistency of each intervention. The purpose of this study was to implement sensory integration therapy for the siblings of disabled and non-disabled children and to demonstrate the effectiveness in brotherhood, peer relationships, play skills and sensory integration functions. This study was conducted on children with parental consent among children with disabilities who use the S Child Development Center, and are preschoolers aged 3-7. The experimental group consisted of 20 participants (10 disabled children and 10 non-disabled siblings of disabled children) for group sensory integration therapy. Each experiment group had 40 minutes of sensory integration therapy for the sibling once a week, and a total of 10 programs were conducted. Interviews were conducted with the primary caregiver of children to identify qualitative changes after participating in the study. This research showed positive changes in brotherhood relationships, improvement of play skills, and changes in peer relationships after the intervention of the sibling group sensory integration therapy on the results of interview with the main caregiver.

Meta-Analysis the Effect of Sensory Integration Therapy on Sensoric and Motoric Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: It is estimated that 90% of children diagnosed with ASD will show impaired sensory processing. Children with sensory processing problems present with delayed motor development which is caused by an underlying disorder in their ability to interpret sensations. Sensory integration therapy is one of the therapeutic methods to overcome sensory and motor problems. This study aims to estimate the effect of sensory integration therapy on sensory and motor development in children with autism spectrum disorders.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using a systematic review study design and a meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagrams. The article search process was carried out between 2011-2021 using databases from PubMed, Science Direct, AJOT, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. The keywords used are “sensory integration” OR “sensory integration therapy” OR “ayres sensory integration” OR “sensory intervention” OR “sensory stimulation” AND “sensory processing” OR “sensory skills” OR “sensory system” AND “motor skills ” OR “motor develop­mental” AND “autism spectrum disorder” OR “autism”. Based on the database, there were 16 arti­cles that met the inclusion criteria. The study design used was a Randomized Control Trial (RCT). The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The meta-analysis is of 16 articles consisting of the continents of Asia, America, and Australia. Results showed that sensory integration therapy improved sensory development (SMD = 0.14; 95% CI -0.64 to 0.92; p = 0.73) and motor development (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI -0.27 to 1.11; p = 0.24). Conclusion: Sensory integration therapy did not significantly improve sensory and motor development in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Effects of Sensory Integration Therapy with Sibling on Play Level and Time for Children with Disabilities

Effects of Sensory Integration Therapy with Sibling on Play Level and Time for Children with Disabilities

Characteristics of Writing Difficulties and Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Characteristics of Writing Difficulties and Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Effectiveness of sensory stimulation among children with impaired psychomotor development: a pilot study

IntroductionThe sense of balance, proprioception, and exteroception are key for healthy psychomotor development and proper functioning of human beings. Any disorders in this area may cause dysfunctions, problems with tactile stimuli perception and muscle tone regulation, as well as lack of motion and body awareness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy as a method of supporting psychomotor development in children residing in a long-term care and nursing home.MethodsThe study involved 16 children, randomly divided into 2 equal groups, permanently living in a long-term care and nursing home in Poland. None of the children was diagnosed with autism. The psychomotor development was evaluated with the Sensorimotor History Questionnaire (based on the questionnaire by Balzer-Martin) and the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test by Ayres. The research was performed between October 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. Each participant underwent the test twice – prior to the therapy and after 8 months of therapy.ResultsThere were significant changes in the psychomotor development in the treatment group in areas not correlated with the children’s age.ConclusionsThe therapy using the sensory integration approach can potentially support the development of children who are permanent residents of a long-term care and nursing home. The classic formula of the sensory integration therapy (i.e. 1 session per week) may be insufficient in the case of permanently institutionalized children. The study should be expanded and carried out in larger groups of children.

Effectiveness Of Sensory Integration Therapy In Childrenwith Autism: A Pilot Study

Effectiveness Of Sensory Integration Therapy In Childrenwith Autism: A Pilot Study

Effects of sensory integration therapy in a 7-year old child with epilepsy following craniocerebral trauma – a case study

Introduction. Post-traumatic epilepsy develops as a complication of a serious craniocerebral trauma, frequently an open head injury, resulting in neurological impairments. Aim. The study was designed to discuss problems associated with sensory integration dysfunction observed in a seven-year old girl with epilepsy which occurred as a result of craniocerebral injury. Description of the case. The case study is based on information gained from the girl’s medical records, an interview with her guardians and a sensory function questionnaire. Additional examinations assessed the girl’s balance control, and her functional performance according to Barthel scale. The girl received a three-week sensory integration therapy which included exercise involving tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive stimulation, as well as balance exercises and self-care training. Conclusions. In this particular case, application of sensory integration therapy produced beneficial results. The findings show improvement in balance, coordination as well as self-care.

A randomised control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy on motor activity amongst children with intellectual disability

Children with intellectual disability across the world are facing several issues. In most situations, they have problems in motor activities such as sitting, lying, walking, jumping and crawling. Many therapies have been researched for improving the quality of life of these children. Sensory integration therapy (SIT) is one of the many therapeutic modalities used for promoting motor activity in these children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SIT on motor activity amongst children with intellectual disability. A randomised control trial design was adopted for the study. Sixty children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. A structured observational checklist for motor activity assessment was used to collect the data and analysed using SPSS software version 17. The results of the study revealed a significant improvement (P

EFFECTS OF SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY ON SELECTED FITNESS SKILLS IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN

Introduction: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterised by abnormal development in the first two years of life and impairment with respect to the following three areas: social interactions, communication, and behaviour. The disorder is more common in males than females. The aim: The study was conducted to assess the effects of sensory integration therapy on selected fitness skills in autistic children. Material and methods: The study assessed a group of 20 children (15 boys and 5 girls) aged 3 to 10 years. All children were diagnosed with autism and underwent 2-year therapy. The children showed impaired sensory modulation with abnormal stimulus reception and processing in the tactile, auditory, vestibular (balance), olfactory, and gustatory sensory systems. The study assessed fitness skills and their correlations with sensory integration therapy used in the children. The assessment used the Sensorimotor Development Questionnaire developed by Zbigniew Przyrowski and selected tests from "Obserwacja Kliniczna" as well as history-taking conducted with the parents. The following aspects were analysed: muscle tone, static balance, dynamic balance, jumping on two legs, jumping on one leg, catching and throwing a ball, and self-care activities, such as putting on shoes. Results: Sensory integration therapy contributed to an improvement in motor, sensory, cognitive, emotional, communication, and social development in the study patients. Conclusion: The use of sensory integration effectively supports sensory processes in autistic children.