Effects Of Russia Research Articles

Age-adjusted disability rates and regional effects in Russia

Age-adjusted disability rates and regional effects in Russia

A Wider Europe: Trade Relations Between an Enlarged EU and the Russian Federation

This paper aims to study the joint effects of the 2004 EU Enlargement and Russia’s entry into the WTO, and the effects of an eventual Russia-Enlarged EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The paper is organized as follows: in Section I, it starts with the brief description of the model used. The effects of the 2004 EU Enlargement are estimated on Section II. In Section III, the effects of Russia’s WTO Accession are simulated up on the benchmark of an Enlarged EU. Section IV simulates different Russia-EU FTAs, again upon the benchmark of an Enlarged EU. The work ends with a conclusion.

Myth and Reality of Flat Tax Reform: Micro Estimates of Tax Evasion Response and Welfare Effects in Russia

We examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income tax reform on consumption, income, and tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998–2004. We associate large and significant changes in tax evasion following the flat tax reform with changes in voluntary compliance. We develop a consumption‐based framework to assess the deadweight loss from income tax in the presence of tax evasion and show that the efficiency gains from the reform are at least 30 percent smaller than the gains implied by conventional approaches.

Myth and Reality of Flat Tax Reform: Micro Estimates of Tax Evasion Response and Welfare Effects in Russia

Using micro-level data, we examine the effects of Russia's 2001 flat rate income tax reform on consumption, income, and tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998-2004. Utilizing difference-in-difference and regression-discontinuity-type approaches, we find that large and significant changes in tax evasion following the flat tax reform are associated with changes in voluntary compliance and cannot be explained by changes in tax enforcement policies. We also find the productivity response of taxpayers to the flat tax reform is small relative to the tax evasion response. Finally, we develop a feasible framework to assess the deadweight loss from personal income tax in the presence of tax evasion based on the consumption response to tax changes. We show that because of the strong tax evasion response the efficiency gain from the Russian flat tax reform is at least 30% smaller than the gain implied by conventional approaches.

Myth and Reality of Flat Tax Reform: Micro Estimates of Tax Evasion Response and Welfare Effects in Russia

Using micro-level data, we examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income tax reform on consumption, income, and tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998-2004. Utilizing difference-in-difference and regression-discontinuity-type approaches, we find that large and significant changes in tax evasion following the flat tax reform are associated with changes in voluntary compliance and cannot be explained by changes in tax enforcement policies. We also find the productivity response of taxpayers to the flat tax reform is small relative to the tax evasion response. Finally, we develop a feasible framework to assess the deadweight loss from personal income tax in the presence of tax evasion based on the consumption response to tax changes. We show that because of the strong tax evasion response the efficiency gain from the Russian flat tax reform is at least 30% smaller than the gain implied by conventional approaches.

Seasonal and latitudinal features of the greenhouse effect in Russia

The annual cycle of air temperature trends is analyzed in comparison with total cloud amount trends. It is shown that during the last 30 years the cloud amount changes were associated with air temperature trends with positive and negative correlation in cold and warm half-year, respectively, which is in perfect agreement with the well-known facts of the influence of clouds on radiation balance and of the latter on temperature regime of the atmosphere. In all cases, the greenhouse effect increases when the radiation budget is nearly zero due to physical-geographic features; the small contribution of the greenhouse effect to the budget change manifests itself in climate changes. A conclusion is drawn on the presence of a greenhouse component of CO2 in the phenomena described; however, in the high latitudes, this effect is exceeded by long-term changes in cloud amount.

Пространственное распределение эффектов от вступления России в ВТО: внешнеторговый аспект

Пространственное распределение эффектов от вступления России в ВТО: внешнеторговый аспект

New Light on Chromotherapy: Grakov′s ‘Virtual Scanning’ System of Medical Assessment and Treatment

Virtual Scanning incorporates novel uses of colored light into its system of health assessment and therapy. Independent investigations of its effectiveness in Russia and the UK have revealed unique abilities to correct incipient and fully developed chronic conditions. As such it forms an important new addition to the field of Chromotherapy. It differs from most others, in that its development depended on discoveries in neuroscience by its inventor, and subsequent application of new models in computational neuroscience.

Putin's foreign policy toward North Korea

Since coming to office in 2000, President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, has taken a pragmatic and calculating approach to the conduct of foreign policy in order to promote Russia’s geopolitical and economic interests. For him, a higher profile on Korean issues has been an opportunity to show that Moscow can influence Pyongyang and play a meaningful role in great power diplomacy on the Korean peninsula. As a result of active diplomacy toward North Korea, the two former communist allies put a period to the deteriorating relations in the 1990s; after the September 11 terrorists attack and the launch of the war on terrorism Moscow’s influence over Pyongyang reached its peak. The beginning of the North Korean nuclear crisis in October 2002, however, relegated Moscow to a marginalized position in the Korean issue. This paper examines how Putin’s pragmatic diplomacy was put into effect in Russia’s foreign policy toward North Korea and how circumstances on the Korean peninsula have affected Russia–DPRK bilateral relations. An analysis of these factors shows why Russia’s role in the ongoing Six-Party process has become insignificant. At the present time, it is certainly plausible that Russia will not activate diplomatic efforts to solve the North Korean nuclear crisis and will be satisfied with merely securing a seat at the multilateral talks in Northeast Asia.

Standardization of transmission quality measurements

The problems of evaluating the phonetic quality of speech and the characteristic features of a speaker’s articulatory base from the data of acoustic-phonetic measurements are considered. The evaluation is recommended to be performed using the GOST 50840-95 standard “Speech Transmission over Varied Communication Channels: Techniques for Measurement of Speech Quality, Intelligibility, and Voice Identification,” which was put into effect in Russia in 1997. Examples of experimental evaluation measurements in speech communication and criminalistic expertise are presented.

The Productivity Effects of Privatization: Longitudinal Estimates from Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine

This paper estimates the effect of privatization on multifactor productivity using comprehensive panel data on initially state‐owned manufacturing firms in four economies. We exploit the data’s longitudinal dimension to control for preprivatization selection and estimate long‐run impacts. The estimates are robust to functional form but sensitive to selection controls. Our preferred random growth estimates imply positive multifactor productivity effects of 15 percent in Romania, 8 percent in Hungary, and 2 percent in Ukraine, but a −3 percent effect in Russia. The foreign privatization effect is larger (18–35 percent) in all countries. Positive domestic effects appear immediately in Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine and continue growing thereafter, but emerge only five years after privatization in Russia.

Organizational Culture and Effectiveness: The Russian Context

This paper examines the link between organizational culture and effectiveness for foreign-owned firms operating in Russia. Beginning with a model of organizational culture developed in the United States, the paper presents a multimethod analysis of culture and effectiveness in a transition economy. The authors argue that effectiveness in Russia relies more on adaptability and flexibility than it does in the United States. Furthermore, the legacy of the communist era forces firms in Russia to deal with the workforce with a unique time perspective and a unique set of subcultures that often undermine attempts at coordination and integration. These ideas are explored using survey data on 179 foreign-owned firms operating in Russia and compared with the results obtained for such firms in the United States.

Putin acts, Taiwan reacts [Taiwan's greenhouse reduction plans

Russia's ratification of the Kyoto protocol on climate change has sent ripples around the world, with effects being felt especially in places where emissions trading systems are being established. Russia's accession to the agreement means that the protocol takes effect this year, requiring signatory states to reduce their greenhouse gases back to below 1990 levels by 2012. The effect of Russia's action are also being felt in some unlikely places, such as Taiwan, which is not even a party to the Kyoto pact. Since Taiwan's most successful exporting industries are major producers of greenhouse gases, Premier Shyi-kun Yu upgraded an operating task force to formulate policies on greenhouse reduction.

Putin acts, Taiwan reacts [Taiwan's greenhouse reduction plans

Russia's ratification of the Kyoto protocol on climate change has sent ripples around the world, with effects being felt especially in places where emissions trading systems are being established. Russia's accession to the agreement means that the protocol takes effect this year, requiring signatory states to reduce their greenhouse gases back to below 1990 levels by 2012. The effect of Russia's action are also being felt in some unlikely places, such as Taiwan, which is not even a party to the Kyoto pact. Since Taiwan's most successful exporting industries are major producers of greenhouse gases, Premier Shyi-kun Yu upgraded an operating task force to formulate policies on greenhouse reduction.

New Version of the Russian Obligatory Deposit Law

ABSTRACT A new obligatory deposit law went into effect in Russia on 14 February 2002. The law clarifies definitions of material to be deposited, revises the list of which library and information agencies are to receive deposit copies, and includes new mechanisms for fining producers who do not comply with the law, among other changes. It is hoped that the new law will improve registration, preservation and access for the nation's cultural heritage.

Organizational Culture and Effectiveness: Can American Theory Be Applied in Russia?

This paper examines the link between organizational culture and effectiveness for foreign-owned firms operating in Russia. Beginning with a model of organizational culture developed in the United States, the paper presents a multimethod analysis of culture and effectiveness in a transition economy. We argue that effectiveness in Russia relies more on adaptability and flexibility than it does in the United States. Furthermore, the legacy of the Communist era forces firms in Russia to deal with a workforce with a unique time perspective and a unique set of subcultures that often undermine attempts at coordination and integration. We first explore these ideas using survey data on 179 foreign-owned firms operating in Russia and compare the results to those obtained for firms in the United States. We then present four case studies designed to ground the results in the Russian context, and to document cultural dynamics not captured by the model.

Organizational Culture and Effectiveness: Can American Theory Be Applied in Russia?

This paper examines the link between organizational culture and effectiveness for foreign-owned firms operating in Russia. Beginning with a model of organizational culture developed in the USA, the paper presents a multi-method analysis of culture and effectiveness in a transition economy. We argue that effectiveness in Russia relies more on adaptability and flexibility than in the USA. Furthermore, the legacy of the communist era forces firms in Russia to deal with a workforce with a unique time perspective and a unique set of sub-cultures that often undermine attempts at coordination and integration. We first explore these ideas using survey data on 179 foreign-owned firms operating in Russia and compare the results to those obtained for firms in the USA. We then present four case studies designed to ground the results in the Russian context, and to document cultural dynamics not captured by the model.

Soviet Atheism and Russian Orthodox Strategies of Resistance, 1917‐1932

Previous articleNext article No AccessSoviet Atheism and Russian Orthodox Strategies of Resistance, 1917‐1932*William B. Husband William B. HusbandOregon State University Search for more articles by this author Oregon State UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 70, Number 1March 1998 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/235003 Views: 226Total views on this site Citations: 5Citations are reported from Crossref © 1998 by The University of Chicago.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Galina Oustinova-Stjepanovic End of organized atheism. The genealogy of the law on freedom of conscience and its conceptual effects in Russia, History and Anthropology 31, no.55 (Nov 2019): 600–617.https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2019.1684271Burcu Özdemir Sovyetler Birliği'nde Din Karşıtı Mücadele ve Komsomol, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi (Jul 2019): 179–196.https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.596130Barney Warf Atheist Geographies and Geographies of Atheism, (Nov 2014): 2211–2233.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_117 Sources et bibliographie sélective, (Jul 2013): 345–370.https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.drieu.2013.01.0345Melissa L Caldwell A New Role for Religion in Russia's New Consumer Age: the Case of Moscow1, Religion, State and Society 33, no.11 (Mar 2005): 19–34.https://doi.org/10.1080/0963749042000330820