Effect Of Rice Bran Research Articles

Effects of Rice Bran, Flax Seed, and Sunflower Seed on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, Free Amino Acid and Peptide Contents, and Sensory Evaluations of Native Korean Cattle (Hanwoo).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with rice bran, flax seed, or sunflower seed to finishing native Korean cattle (Hanwoo) on growth performances, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, free amino acid and peptide contents, and sensory evaluations of Longissimus muscle (LM). A total of 39 Hanwoo steers (average age of 22.2 mo and average body weight (BW) of 552.2 kg) were randomly divided into Control, rice bran (RB), flax seed (FS), or Sunflower seed (SS) groups. The steers were group fed for 273 d until they reached an average age of 31.2 mo. Final BW was 768.2, 785.8, 786.2, and 789.0 kg, and average daily gain was 0.79, 0.85, 0.82, and 0.84 kg for the Control, RS, FS, and SS groups, respectively (p>0.05). Fat thickness of the FS group (19.8 mm) was greater (p<0.05) than that of the other groups. Final yield grade converted into numerical values was 2.0 for the RB group, 1.7 for the Control and SS groups, and 1.4 for the FS group. Marbling degrees for the Control, SS, RB, and FS groups were 5.3, 5.1, 4.7, and 4.6, respectively. Percentages of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and arachidic acid (C20:0) in the LM were not different among the groups. Palmitoleic (C16:1) acid was higher (p<0.05) in the SS group. The concentration of oleic acid was highest (p<0.05) in the Control group (47.73%). The level of linolenic acid (C18:3) was 2.3 times higher (p<0.05) in the FS group compared to the other groups. Methionine concentration was (p<0.05) higher in FS (1.7 mg/100 g) and SS (1.2 mg/100 g) steers than in the Control or RB groups. Glutamic acid and α-aminoadipic acid (α-AAA) contents were (p<0.05) higher in the FS group compared to the other groups. LM from the FS group had numerically higher (p>0.05) scores for flavor, umami, and overall palatability in sensory evaluations. In conclusion, supplementation of flax seed to diets of finishing Hanwoo steers improved sensory evaluations which might have been caused by increases in flavor related amino acids such as methionine, glutamic acid and α-AAA and peptides, anserine and carnosine, and their complex reactions.

Effect of Rice Bran as a Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Source on Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for the Production of Bioethanol from Rice Straw

Effect of Rice Bran as a Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Source on Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for the Production of Bioethanol from Rice Straw

Rice Bran Affects Dry-matter Production of Chinese and Japanese Rice Cultivars

The effect of rice bran on dry matter production of different rice cultivars, namely the Chinese panicle weight types and Japanese panicle number types, was evaluated in field conditions, with growth, canopy production structure and the root system determined over a period of 60 days. The treatments consisted of rice cultivars with 1000 kg ha1 rice bran without agrochemicals (RB), cultivars with chemical fertilizer and cultivars with herbicide, with the latter serving as a control. The crop growth rate (CGR) and mean leaf area index (mLAI) in RB treatment were lower than that of the control; however, the net assimilation rate (NAR) was higher for all growth stages in this treatment. It was noted that CGR in RB and the control treatment depended greatly on mLAI during the early and middle growth stages, whereas CGR was more dependent on NAR in the late growth stage. Correlation between CGR in middle stage and the extinction coefficient of the canopy (k) at heading was apparent (p < 0.05). NAR in middle stage was positively correlated with mean leaf color and specific leaf weight (SLW). The correlations between NAR in the late stage and bleeding rate per number of primary roots, and per leaf area at maturity was apparent (p < 0.01). Root vitality and NAR were higher in RB treatment. The photosynthesis-related traits after heading in RB treatment were better than the control. Reduction of ∆W in RB treatment as well as the spikelets number (SN) was unapparent. The panicle number type cultivars did not inhibit growth during the early and middle growth stages with the presence of rice bran. The difference between growth, panicle number and weight cultivars was insignificant in the late stage. Discipline: Crop production Additional key words: bleeding rate, growth analysis, light extinction coefficient, the panicle number type cultivars, root system. This research was supported in part by Tianjin natural science fund for Scientific Research (No.11JCYBJC27100) from the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China. The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (No.46). This research was supported in part by the ScienceT accepted 2 March 2015 Introduction The use of nitrogen in paddy cultivation in China is three times higher than in Japan. In this context, excess application of chemical fertilizer in paddy cultivation pollutes the environment and has adverse effects on both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The use of chemical fertilizers increases operation costs, resulting in higher rice and rice product prices. It is, therefore, important to find new alternatives as substitutes for chemical fertilizer in paddy farming to alleviate environmental issues arising from their use. Rice bran is often used in the organic paddy farming in Japan because of its efficacy as a fertilizer and herbicide. This cultivation technique fulfills the growing demand for agriculture products with fewer or no agrochemicals to

Effects of Rice Bran or Calcium Soap Fatty Acids Supplementation on Meat Production, Physico-chemical Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation in Japanese Black Steers during Later Fattening Period

Effects of Rice Bran or Calcium Soap Fatty Acids Supplementation on Meat Production, Physico-chemical Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation in Japanese Black Steers during Later Fattening Period

Suppressive effect of rice bran incorporation in paddy soil on germination of Monochoria vaginalis and its relationship with electric conductivity

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate (1) the effects of the addition of rice (Oryza sativa. L.) bran to paddy soil on the germination of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Kunth, and (2) the relationship between the electric conductivity (EC) of the soil solution and germination. Soil samples were collected at 4 sites in Japan. After flooded soils with rice bran had been incubated for 7 d at 30°C, the soil solution was collected using a porous cup and the EC of the soil solution was measured. The amounts of rice bran added to the soil were 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% (weight(w)/w). In the soil solution obtained, seeds of M. vaginalis were incubated for 3 d at 30°C, and the germination percentage was then analyzed. The addition of rice bran suppressed germination, and the degree of suppression increased with increasing content of rice bran. Although the same amount of rice bran was applied to each soil, the degree of growth suppression by rice bran as well as the EC of the soil solution differed among the soils. In each soil, there was a positive correlation between the amount of rice bran and EC, and the degree of growth suppression significantly increased with an increase in EC. When EC was higher than 150 mS m−1, seeds of M. vaginalis hardly germinated. There was no significant correlation between the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of soil and seed germination, suggesting that EC is a more reliable and convenient indicator than Eh for evaluating the relationship between the addition of organic material and seed germination. In conclusion, the addition of rice bran to soil increases the EC of the soil solution, and EC is one of the factors that suppress the germination of M. vaginalis. The suppressive effect of rice bran on germination is different among soils. This fact is attributed to the difference in EC due to the addition of rice bran. Thus, it is expected that EC can be used as an indicator for determining how much rice bran to add.

Effect of Rice Bran and Soybean Fermented by Bacillus spp. on Lipid Profiles of Liver, Serum, and Feces in Rats Fed High Fat Diet

Effects of rice bran and soybean fermented with five different types of Bacillus spp. on lipid levels in the serum, liver, and feces of Sprague-Dawley male rats fed a high fat diet were investigated. Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups (n=7/group) and fed control diet (Normal), high fat diet (Control), and high fat diet supplemented with 0.4% of solid fermented material (SFM) (CF). Total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol, as markers for the fatty liver, in the liver were significantly (p<0.0001) increased by high fat diet. Triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were also significantly (p<0.0001 and p<0.01, respectively) increased by high fat diet. However, hepatic total lipid and triglyceride in the CF group were significantly decreased by 48.6% (p<0.0001) and 46.6% (p<0.0001), respectively, compared to the Control group. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol in the CF group decreased by 40 (p<0.0001) and 5% (p<0.01), respectively, compared to the control group. These results suggest SFM could induce decrease of total lipids and triglyceride in the serum and liver. SFM may play an important role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and could be used as a supplement for functional food preparation.

Rice bran‐filled biodegradable low‐density polyethylene films: Development and characterization for packaging applications

AbstractRice bran was incorporated into low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) at different concentrations by compounding in a twin‐screw extruder and blown into films of uniform thickness. The rice bran incorporation influenced physical, mechanical, barrier, optical, thermal properties, and biodegradation of LDPE. The mechanical and optical properties decreased as the percentage of rice bran increased. The effect of rice bran on the morphology of LDPE blends was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate increased with the increased content of rice bran. Addition of rice bran did not alter the melting temperature (Tm) of the blends; however the thermal stability decreased, while glass transition temperature (Tg) increased. Kinetics of thermal degradation was also investigated and the activation energy for thermal degradation indicated that for up to 10% filler addition, the dispersion and interfacial adhesion of rice bran particles in LDPE was good. Aerobic biodegradation tests using municipal sewage sludge and biodegradation studies using specific microorganism (Streptomyces species) revealed that the films are biodegradable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4514–4522, 2006

Effects of Rice Bran, Cottonseed Meal, and Alfalfa Meal on pH and Zooplankton

AbstractRice bran (RB), cottonseed meal (CSM), and alfalfa meal (ALF) were compared as organic fertilizers for their effects on pH and zooplankton abundance in limnocorrals that lacked fish. The weight (W) and nitrogen (N) content of CSM, which served as the control, were used to determine the other applications (RB‐N, RB‐W, ALF‐N and ALF‐W). Temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, and zooplankton densities were monitored for 8 weeks to simulate the average period for phase 1 production of striped bass Morone saxatilis (38–50 mm). Rice bran promoted better water quality than ALF or CSM when application rates were based on nitrogen content. The pH was lowest for RB‐N, intermediate for ALF‐N, and highest for CSM. Chlorophyll a was a function of nitrogen input, and the high‐nitrogen applications (CSM, ALF‐N, and RB‐N) supported similar phytoplankton standing crops that were 38–62% greater than the corresponding low‐nitrogen applications (ALF‐W and RB‐W). Water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations were similar among applications, and total ammonia nitrogen was below detectable levels for all applications. Overall mean densities of rotifers, nauplii, adult copepods, adult crustaceans, and total zooplankton did not differ significantly among applications. However, the mean density of cladocerans was significantly higher for RB‐N and ALF‐N than for ALF‐W. The densities of cladocerans, adult copepods, adult crustaceans, and total zooplankton correlated strongly with chlorophyll a but not with the quantities of fertilizers applied, indicating that phytoplankton probably was the primary food for these zooplankters. Based on pH, RB was better than CSM or ALF, but all had similar effects on zooplankton when application rates were based on nitrogen.

Effects of rice bran on sensory and physico-chemical properties of emulsified pork meatballs

Four kinds of bran, which are milled from important rice cultivators in Taiwan, have high contents of dietary fiber, fat and protein. The use of rice bran in Kung-wan, an emulsified pork meatball, was investigated. It was found that protein and fat contents, and white index of meatballs decreased as the amount of bran increased. A texture profile analysis (TPA) also indicated the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the Kung-wan decreased. The sensory scores of taste, texture and overall acceptability of meatballs with less than 10% added bran showed no significant difference from those for meatballs without bran. However, the added amount of 15% enriched meatballs resulted in inferior sensory scores. The bran’s particle size profoundly affected the sensory and physico-chemical properties of the meat products. Meatballs enriched with smaller bran particles possessed higher TPA indices and sensory scores than those added with larger ones. No significant differences in proximate composition, cooking yield, color and sensory quality were found among emulsified meatballs enriched with four different kinds of bran. Conclusively, the suitable amount of rice bran that should be added to emulsified pork meatballs was less than 10% and a smaller particle size would result in better quality.

コナギ種子の発芽と出芽に対するコメぬか, イネわら及びイネもみがらの影響

コナギ種子の発芽と出芽に対するコメぬか, イネわら及びイネもみがらの影響

Effect of Rice Bran on the Growth Inhibition of Selenastrum Capricornutum by Chlorine and Monochloramine

The effect of residual chlorine on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum was investigated by an algal growth test to evaluate toxicity. Significant reductions in growth due to monochloramine were observed in the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum; however, algal growth was not inhibited in the medium containing rice bran because of the disappearance of monochloramine. The removal of monochloramine by rice bran was attributed to the chemical’s decomposition by direct reaction with the rice bran. In contrast, no significant reduction in growth was observed in the medium containing free chlorine. The decomposition rate of monochloramine was slower than that of free chlorine in the medium.

Effect of rice bran on the production of different king oyster mushroom strains during bottle cultivation.

The effect of rice bran supplementation on the production of two king oyster mushroom strains was investigated in order to recommend the optimum and economic amount of rice bran for growing the mushroom to Pleurotus mushroom growers in Taiwan. The average yield, biological efficiency (B.E.) and production efficiency (P.E.) of the strain ATCC 36047 increased significantly with the supplementation of rice bran to substrate from 0 to 47.95% by weight of dry matter. The B.E. and P.E. of the strain Holland 150 reached the highest level when the rice bran was added up to 38.08%, but decreased significantly when the supplementation was up to 47.95%. These results show that different king oyster mushroom Strains response differently to the supplementation amount of rice bran and might indicate that the strain ATCC 36047 necessitate a great supply of some ingredients in rice bran to increase its B.E. and P.E. In consideration of the capacity of cropping room, productivity of cultivation spawn and mushroom production cost the most optimum and economic amout of rice bran in substrate would be about 48% and 38% for the strains ATCC 36047 and Holland 150 respectively..

Effect of rice bran on intraintestinal fermentation and cholesterol metabolism in cecectomized rats

The effects of rice bran on intraintestinal fermentation and cholesterol metabolism in cecectomized rats were investigated. Male F344 rats, allocated into three groups: cecectomized rats fed rice bran containing 76.3 g water-soluble fiber/kg and 183 g oil/kg (CERB), sham-operated rats fed rice bran (SHRB) and standard rats fed cellulose with 0.5% cholesterol and 0.125% sodium cholate for 1 week. The body weight in the SHRB group was significantly higher than that in the CERB group and the food intake in the SHRB group was significantly lower than in the cellulose group for 1 week. There were no significant differences in the liver weight among groups. The fecal excretion in the CERB group was significantly higher than that in the cellulose group. The fecal pH in the SHRB group was the lowest among the groups. The serum total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein + intermediate density lipoprotein + low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol concentrations, and the liver cholesterol concentrations in the CERB and SHRB groups were significantly lower than that in the cellulose group, and the total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and liver cholesterol concentrations in the SHRB group were the lowest among the groups. There were no significant differences in the fecal neutral sterol and total bile acid extraction among the groups. The fecal propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the SHRB group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. Escherichia coli ( E. coli) in the fecal microflora was the main bacterium in the CERB and cellulose groups. On the other hand, Lactobacillus in the fecal microflora was the main bacterium in the SHRB group. The results of this study demonstrate that the rice bran was fermented in the cecum and that the metabolites such as propionic acid and butyric acid, and rice bran oil may be effective in lowering cholesterol levels in the presence of excess cholesterol in the diet.

Effects of Rice Bran and Wheat Bran on Fermentation Quality and Chemical Composition of Water Hyacinth Silage

Effects of Rice Bran and Wheat Bran on Fermentation Quality and Chemical Composition of Water Hyacinth Silage

Effect of Rice Bran and Leucaena Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Goats Fed with Urea Treated Rice Straw

An experiment was conducted for 90 days to determine the effect of energy level using different levels of RB on the UTRS as a basal diet supplemented with fixed level of Leucaena on growing goats. Experimental diets included four levels of rice bran: 0% rice bran (RB), 10% RB, 20% RB, and 30% RB in basal diets. A total of 20 growing female goats of 5 to 6 months age were randomly allocated into four different dietary groups. Findings showed that inclusion of 20% rice bran significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved in total DMI than the other levels. A 30% RB inclusion was not able to improve further the total DMI, which might be due to the negative effect of higher level of anti-nutritional factor in rice bran. In-situ degradation of D3 and D4 recorded the higher estimated solid outflow rate indicating on the improvement on digestion of feedstuffs. The 20 and 30% RB inclusion resulted to significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher OM digestibility of UTRS-based diet with Leucaena supplementation. ADG (41.1g), FCE (10.96) and benefit over feed cost Philippino Peso 238.2) was significantly higher in diet groups with 20% RB inclusion. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the supplementation of rice bran at 20% level is economic net income (US$ .040 /goat) in feeding goats with UTRS based diet and supplemented with 20% of Leucaena. Key words: goat; urea treated rice straw; rice bran; digestibility; growth performance DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3161Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 29-36