Effect Of Regulatory Focus Research Articles

Career adaptability in the new hospitality work paradigm: effects of regulatory focus and organizational socialization

ABSTRACT The hospitality industry is currently in transition, and the workforce has become vulnerable, making career adaptability a crucial skill. Self-regulation plays an important role in adaptation, and thus, regulatory focus can shape how individuals tackle the challenges of a new work environment. Organizational socialization during the onboarding process can influence how well new employees align their behaviors and goals with those of the organization. This paper examines the relationship between regulatory focus and career adaptability among U.S. hospitality employees and tests the mediating role of organizational socialization. Results show a positive association between regulatory focus and both career adaptability and organizational socialization. Moreover, organizational socialization significantly mediates the relationship between regulatory focus and career adaptability. Findings contribute to the career adaptability literature and show how practitioners can help strengthen career adaptability to facilitate transitions to new hospitality work environments.

The effect of regulatory focus on predecisional information distortion

The effect of regulatory focus on predecisional information distortion

The interaction effect of regulatory focus and negative feedback on proactive behavior: the mediating role of perceived insider status

There are two conflicting opinions regarding negative feedback from supervisors in the current literature: that it motivates subordinates’ proactive behavior, and that it discourages proactive behavior. This demonstrates the theoretical confusion over the exact nature of the relationship between negative feedback and proactive behavior. To clarify this confusion, this study investigates the mediating and moderating processes underlying the linkage between negative feedback and proactive behavior based on motivated information process theory. Using three-wave and multi-source data among 332 Chinese employees, our results show that regulatory focus moderates the indirect effects of negative feedback on proactive behavior through perceived insider status, such that the effect is stronger among employees with a higher prevention focus, whereas the effect is weaker in employees with a higher promotion focus. We also discuss meaningful theoretical and practical implications of this research.

Understanding provider behavior in the sharing economy: an experimental study on risk, value perception, and regulatory focus effects

PurposeThis study aims to examine providers’ intentions to engage with sharing platforms, focusing specifically on how perceptions of risk and value influence the intention to participate, considering the moderation effect of regulatory focus.Design/methodology/approachTwo laboratory experimental studies were conducted. Study 1 examined the relationship between risk and value perception on the intention to provide. Study 2 replicated and extended the results by testing regulatory focus as a moderator.FindingsThe findings confirmed that risk perception negatively impacted the intention to provide, while value perception mediated a positive effect on the intention to provide. In addition, promotion versus prevention focus was supported as a significant moderator; providers with a prevention focus (vs promotion) presented reduced intentions to supply on sharing platforms because of their concerns about negative consequences.Practical implicationsSharing platforms actively communicate safety measures on social networks to reduce users’ perceived risks. This study demonstrates that providers with a preventive focus are less inclined to engage in sharing platforms because they avoid risks. Therefore, platforms should not only communicate the rewards of sharing and mechanisms that reduce the perceived risk but also segment potential providers based on their regulatory focus profiles to effectively attract more providers to their platforms.Originality/valueThis study analyzes the sharing behavior in peer-to-peer platforms by focusing on the provider side, whereas most previous studies address the user (customer) side. In addition, the adoption of the experimental design allows for a better understanding of the influence of risk and value perceptions on the intention to provide, considering the moderation effect of regulatory focus.

Empowering leadership boosts employee innovative job performance: unraveling the role of work stress and regulatory focus

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between empowering leadership and innovative job performance, with challenge stress and hindrance stress acting as parallel mediators. Additionally, the study examines how promotion focus and prevention focus moderate these dual processes.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave survey was employed to validate the theoretical model, gathering data from 449 employees across various industries in Mainland China with a convenience sampling method.FindingsThe results demonstrate that empowering leadership enhances employee innovative job performance by increasing challenge stress and reducing hindrance stress, highlighting the moderating role of regulatory focus. Specifically, a high promotion focus strengthens the positive relationship between empowering leadership and challenge stress, while a high prevention focus weakens the negative relationship between empowering leadership and hindrance stress. The moderated mediation effect of regulatory focus is also verified.Practical implicationsEmpowering leaders should be mindful of employees’ dualistic work stress and implement tailored management strategies based on individual regulatory focus to maintain their psychological well-being and enhance innovative performance.Originality/valueGrounded in job demand-resource (JD-R) theory and a stress perspective, this study develops a dual-path model to explore the impact of empowering leadership on employee innovative job performance through dualistic work stress. This framework enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of empowering leadership and the antecedent factors influencing employee well-being and innovative performance. Furthermore, by examining the role of employees’ regulatory focus, this study clarifies the boundary conditions of empowering leadership effectiveness, addressing inconsistencies in previous research findings.

The Impact of Internalizing Core Values among Air Force Entry-level Military Officer on Posttraumatic Growth: Moderating Effect of Regulatory Focus

The Impact of Internalizing Core Values among Air Force Entry-level Military Officer on Posttraumatic Growth: Moderating Effect of Regulatory Focus

The Impact of Seller Trust in a C2C Platform on Golf Club Purchase Intention and the Interaction Effect of Regulatory Focus.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of seller trust on the purchase intention of consumers of used golf clubs in the context of increasing C2C transactions and further explore the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (2) Methods: Data were collected from 200 participants who had experience purchasing golf clubs through the Carrot Market platform, employing a 2 × 2 experimental design. An independent samples t-test was utilized to examine the effect of seller trust on purchase intention, followed by a two-way analysis of variance to assess the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (3) Results: The results revealed a significant difference in purchase intention based on seller trust, with higher purchase intentions observed when seller trust was high compared to when it was low. Additionally, the interaction effect of regulatory focus was found to be significant in the impact of seller trust on golf club purchase intention. Specifically, when seller trust was high, no significant differences were observed among control focus groups. However, when seller trust was low, promotion-focused consumers exhibited higher purchase intentions than prevention-focused consumers. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of seller trust in the context of an expanding market for online second-hand trading platforms.

Navigating travel decisions in health crises: The interplay of message framing, regulatory focus, and perceived risk

This study investigates the impact of promotional message framing on domestic tourists' travel intentions during a health crisis, exploring the moderating effects of regulatory focus and perceived risk. Utilizing a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design, two experiments were conducted with data collected from domestic tourists. The findings reveal that promotion-focused tourists prefer emotionally resonant gain-framed messages with lower discounts and show lower susceptibility to health risks compared to their prevention-focused counterparts. The interaction of gain-framed messages with low discount depth resulted in increased travel intentions despite the health crisis. On the other hand, prevention-focused tourists exhibited no significant change in travel intentions in response to differently framed messages. This study extends the promotional framing literature by incorporating regulatory focus and risk perception, offering practical implications for the tourism industry, particularly during a time of health crisis.

Consumers' variety-seeking behaviors under time pressure: Based on regulatory focus and excitement levels.

Variety-seeking behavior has received substantial attention in marketing literature. Although various explanations of the causes of variety-seeking explore the influence of consumers' internal psychological characteristics on behavioral decisions, few studies have been conducted on external factors. With the fast pace of modern life and the increasing trend of online shopping, consumers often face time constraints when making purchasing decisions. This study examines the impact of time pressure as a significant external environmental factor on consumers' variety-seeking behavior. A conceptual framework is developed based on construal level theory to uncover the influencing mechanism of time pressure on variety-seeking behavior while also considering the effects of the consumer's personality and emotional state. We conducted two experiments to investigate the moderating effect of regulatory focus from the personality perspective and excitement level from the emotional state perspective. Study 1 found that time pressure significantly affects variety-seeking behavior. Additionally, consumers with prevention regulatory focus tend to exhibit more variety-seeking behavior when not under time pressure. Study 2 supports the main effect and shows that the level of excitement affects the impact of time pressure on variety-seeking behavior. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions by presenting a robust theoretical framework that provides practical insights and implications for enterprise managers.

Influence of Severity and Susceptibility Information Content on Users’ Psychological Response in Emergencies—The Moderating Effect of Regulatory Focus

Information content is crucial for public opinion governance, yet its psychological mechanisms remain unclear. This paper endeavors to bridge this knowledge gap by examining the influence of information content on users’ psychological responses. Drawing insights from the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) and regulatory focus theory, we constructed a novel cognitive and emotional response model. Regression analysis reveals that susceptibility strongly influences primary cognitive responses, while severity affects secondary ones. Susceptibility has a stronger impact on emotional responses than severity. Promotion-focus users are less influenced by severity and susceptibility than prevention-focus users. These results offer valuable insights for emergency management strategies and enhance individuals’ resilience in coping with the psychological toll of emergencies.

When prevention facilitates group creativity: The effect of regulatory focus and regulatory fit on interpersonal neural couplings of creative communications

Despite numerous studies demonstrating connections between regulatory focus, regulatory fit, and group creativity, their impact on the inter-brain mechanism of creative communication is still unclear. Under the regulatory focus theory, Experiment 1 required dyads to complete creative tasks in three conditions (promotion focus, prevention focus, control) while monitoring hemodynamic inter-brain synchronization. In comparison to the other two conditions, dyads with a promotion focus showed higher levels of creative performance. This was also supported by increased inter-brain neural synchronization (IBS) in two ROI pairs (i.e., r-DLPFC_m-FPC; r-DLPFC_l-SMA), which signifies a positive shift towards prioritizing team members' opinions and improved alignment of body movements. Considering the lower creative performance of the prevention-focused dyad in Experiment 1, Experiment 2 referred to the regulatory fit theory and attempted to explore whether fit priming of prevention-focused dyads would facilitate their creative performance more than the misfit dyad. Both the fit and misfit dyads were induced with a prevention focus first. Results illustrated that prevention-focused dyads with fit priming accompanied by higher creative performance and enhanced inter-brain neural synchronization in four ROI pairs (i.e., l-DLPFC_l-FPC; r-FPC_r-FPC; l-FPC_r-FPC; l-FPC_ l-FPC), which potentially signifies a move towards more goal-oriented behavior to prevent team innovation from failing. Furthermore, there is a division that occurs when neural synchronization predicts diverse indicators of creativity across different regulatory focus/fit conditions. Therefore, promotion focus and regulatory fit of the prevention focus might be positive social cues to align and optimize inter-brain information transfer, thus facilitating group creativity.

How Regulatory Focus Associates With Chinese EFL Learners’ L2 Grit: The Mediating Effects of Achievement Emotions

Despite the rekindled interest in emotions and individual differences in second language acquisition (SLA) under the influence of positive psychology, the interrelationships among regulatory focus, L2 grit and achievement emotions remain under-researched. Drawing on structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, this study aimed to examine the predictive effects of regulatory focus on L2 grit through the mediation of achievement emotions. A total of 1043 non-English major undergraduates from a comprehensive university in central China participated in the study. Data were collected with a questionnaire adapted from three published scales and analyzed using multiple regression and multiple mediation analysis with a 1000-bootstrap method. Results showed that all three psychological constructs under investigation were correlated with each other and regulatory focus had an indirect predictive effect on L2 grit, which was mediated by achievement emotions. As with the mediating effect of achievement emotions, enjoyment and boredom had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between promotion focus and L2 grit, whereas hope and anxiety had a full mediating effect on the relationship between prevention focus and L2 grit. The findings are discussed in relation to the identified mediating mechanism for regulatory focus and L2 grit in boosting L2 learning motivation among Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners.

대학생의 학생 주체성, 학업 회복력이 주체적 참여에 미치는 영향: 조절초점의 조절된 매개효과

Objective: The present study aimed to examine whether motivational regulation strategy known as regulatory focus plays a moderating role in the relationship between student agency, academic buoyancy, and agentic engagement among college students. 
 Methods: An online survey was conducted with 413 university students enrolled in four-year universities in the Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongsangnam-do regions. SPSS 25.0 and SPSS Process Macro 4.0. were used to demonstrate an integrated model known as moderated mediation effect. 
 Results: First, the mediating effect of academic buoyancy was identified in the relationship between student agency and agentic engagement. Then, the moderated effect of regulatory focus was confirmed in the association between student agency and academic buoyancy. Lastly, the moderated mediating effect of regulatory focus was verified in the association between student agency, academic buoyancy and agentic engagement. 
 Conclusions: The study suggests the utilization of regulatory focus strategies to improve the agentic engagement, along with psychological and behavioral engagement with student agency and academic buoyancy. Limitations and implications for further study were discussed.

The relationship between servant leadership and cyberloafing: an investigation of meaningful work versus citizenship pressure

ABSTRACT Cyberloafing is a form of counterproductive work behaviour (CWB), that is increasingly prominent yet easily concealed. This organizational phenomenon poses numerous detrimental effects on organizations, underscoring the importance of understanding the factors that can mitigate employee cyberloafing. Drawing on social exchange theory (SET) and social information processing theory (SIP), this study proposes an integrated model that explores the double-edged sword effect of servant leadership on cyberloafing. We hypothesize that servant leadership may increase meaningful work or citizenship pressure, thereby discouraging or facilitating cyberloafing. Meanwhile, we investigate the moderating effect of regulatory focus (promotion focus and prevention focus). Data were collected from 375 Chinese employees in three waves, with a two-week interval between each wave. The results showed that servant leadership enhanced meaningful work, resulting in a disincentive to cyberloafing. Conversely, servant leadership intensified citizenship pressure, leading to an increase in cyberloafing. The negative indirect effect of servant leadership on cyberloafing via meaningful work was moderated by promotion focus. Specifically, this indirect effect was more pronounced when the promotion focus was higher. Our research offers crucial insights for preventing employee cyberloafing in organizations.

Drivers of wearable fitness technology adoption for health care: an investigation through organismic integration and regulatory focus theory

PurposeIn the prior literature, the motivation to adopt wearable fitness technology (WFT) has been linked with either intrinsic or extrinsic. However, how the subcategories of extrinsic motivations (identified, introjected and external) affect the consumers’ WFT adoption decision remains sparse. Furthermore, do regulatory focus (prevention vs promotion) and gender differences the effects of different motivations on WFT adoption is almost unknown in the health-care marketing literature. This study aims to fill the above-mentioned gap and to unfold the WFT adoption beyond the traditional motivation by incorporating the organismic integration theory (part of self-determined theory) and regulatory focus theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a questionnaire-based survey. Using the “AMOS” survey, questionnaire responses of 641 respondents were analyzed and validated by using structural equation modeling. All the variables were adopted from the literature.FindingsThe results show that intrinsic, identified and external motivations have the greatest impact on consumers’ decisions, while introjected motivation was not significant directly. The moderation effects of regulatory focus are significant in such a way that prevention focus influences the introjected motivation and promotion focus affects the external motivation and WFT adoption decision. Furthermore, the findings on gender moderation suggest that women are more intrinsically motivated, and men are more externally motivated for WFT adoption.Practical implicationsThe new insights and contributions of this study provide a better understanding of WFT adoption and help sellers develop more effective marketing strategies.Originality/valueThis study incorporates subcategories of extrinsic motivations to provide a deeper understanding of consumers’ behavior. Furthermore, this study applies a unique framework of organismic integration theory to consumers’ WFT adoption. It is also among very few research that investigate regulatory focus and gender impact on consumers’ WFT adoption.

The Impact of Social Media Influencer Characteristics on Purchase Intentions: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Regulatory Focus to Perceived Uniqueness

The Impact of Social Media Influencer Characteristics on Purchase Intentions: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Regulatory Focus to Perceived Uniqueness

“Human or not?” The Effect of Using Different Types of Anthropomorphic Virus on Sense of Fear and Behavior Intention: The Moderating Effect of Regulatory Focus

<p>Covid-19在短時間內透過口沫傳染迅速傳播導致了許多國家經濟大亂、恐慌並引起了人民的恐慌。病毒帶來的威脅性與高風險傳染使得人心惶惶更加恐懼且公衛宣導效果不彰。本研究欲以病毒外觀擬人化與人類外觀擬人化探討不同類型的擬人化會如何對恐懼感以及行為意圖產生影響，同時探討調節焦點對病毒擬人化之恐懼感影響。本研究採用實驗法進行，病毒擬人化 (病毒外觀擬人化vs人類外觀擬人化)之單因子實驗設計，有效樣本為191份，干擾變數調節焦點為量表檢測調節焦點類型。結果為人類外觀擬人化較容易引起高度恐懼感且對於行為意圖會有較顯著之影響。最後當自我調節焦點為促進型焦點，人類外觀擬人化會引起較高程度之恐懼感則與本研究之預期走向相反。以上結果期許可以用於未來公衛宣導以及學術研究上能有進一步之探討上有所幫助。</p> <p> </p><p>In a short period, Covid-19 rapidly spread through droplet transmission, causing economic turmoil and panic in many countries, leading to widespread fear among the public. The threatening and highly contagious nature of the virus intensified people’s anxiety, and public health campaigns showed limited effectiveness. This study aims to explore how different types of anthropomorphism, the appearance with human traits and the appearance with virus traits, impact sense of fear and behavioral intentions. Additionally, the study investigates the moderating effect of regulatory focus on the fear induced by anthropomorphizing the virus. The research adopts a single-factor experimental design (virus appearance: appearance with human traits vs. appearance with virus traits). The study includes 191 valid samples, with regulatory focus as the moderating variable, measured by a scale to identify the type of regulatory focus. Results indicate that human anthropomorphism is more likely to evoke a high level of sense of fear and significantly influence behavioral intentions. Unexpectedly, when the regulatory focus is promotion-oriented, human anthropomorphism causes a higher level of fear, contrary to the anticipated direction of the study. These findings are expected to contribute to future public health campaigns and academic research by providing insights for further exploration.</p> <p> </p>

Emotional labor among team members: do employees follow emotional display norms for teams, not for customers?

Emotional labor is typically conceptualized as a process in which individuals regulate their emotions in response to display rules. Most research on emotional labor has focused on the influence of display rules at individual-level perceptions but is rarely examined at the team level. We examine the influence of the shared display rules in teams as emotional display norms. This study considers emotional dissonance as the difference between the positive emotional display norm at the team level and positive emotion at the individual level. To examine the purpose of this study, data were collected from leader-follower pairs within teams and based on a three-wave design. Thus, this study conducted a multi-level polynomial regression analysis and used the response surface methodology to interpret the incongruence effect. The results show that the incongruence effect of emotional dissonance is positively related to surface acting. In addition, the moderating effect of regulatory focus significantly strengthens the positive relationship between emotional dissonance and emotion regulation strategies. The results also show that surface acting strategy is negatively related to selfless Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). These findings highlight that emotional display norms play an important role as the standard for emotional experience in teams, and especially with the moderating effect of self-regulatory focus, emotion regulation strategies affect the selfless OCB rating of observers.

The Effects of Message Quotes on Tax Compliance

ABSTRACT This paper examines the effects of regulatory focus and regulatory fit theories on taxpayer compliance when taxpayers are exposed to predetermined quotes by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or other tax authority officials. A promotion-oriented regulatory focus is concerned with advancement, growth, and accomplishment, whereas a prevention-oriented regulatory focus is concerned with protection, safety, and responsibility. Using an experimental approach, we find that promotion-oriented (prevention-oriented) individuals are more likely (less likely) than prevention-oriented (promotion-oriented) individuals to self-report income for tax purposes. We also find that (1) promotion-oriented (prevention-oriented) individuals are less (more) likely to self-report income when presented with prevention-focused and neutral quotes as compared to messages with no quotes, and (2) promotion-oriented individuals who read promotion-focused quotes are more likely to self-report income than those reading prevention-focused message quotes. The results suggest theoretical and practical implications for tax compliance.

Why is a modest gentleman cruel and ruthless? A study on the dark side effect of humble leadership – from the perspective of low-status compensation theory

Purpose The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of humble leadership inducing abusive supervision from the low-status compensation perspective, examining the mediation role of leader perceived thread to status. Besides, the moderation effect of regulatory focus on the mediation path is discussed. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a three-wave longitudinal survey. The data was collected from 438 leaders and their employees in five Chinese enterprises. This study used Mplus 7.4 and adopted a bootstrapping technique for data analysis. Findings Humble leadership has a positive effect on leader perceived threat to status. Leader perceived threat to status plays a mediation role between humble leadership and leader abusive supervision. Leader regulatory focus is the “gate valve” that humble leadership fosters leader abusive supervision. That is, when the leader promotion focus is high, leader perceived threat to status bred by humble leadership is low, resulting in less abusive supervision. When the leader prevention focus is high, humble leadership brings relatively more abusive supervision through perceived threat to status. Originality/value This study explores why humble leadership breeds abusive supervision behaviors and reveals the mechanism behind the negative effect of humble leadership based on low-status compensation theory. This study not only promotes the continuous development of the field of humble leadership research through empirical research but also provides guidance for effectively suppressing the negative effects of humble leadership, promoting strengths and avoiding weaknesses and suppressing inappropriate management behaviors in management practice.