Recovery Time Effects Research Articles

Effect of recovery time on dot{V}{text{O}}_{2}-ON kinetics in humans at the onset of moderate-intensity cycling exercise

Purposeτ of the primary phase of dot{V}{text{O}}_{{2{text{A}}}} kinetics during square-wave, moderate-intensity exercise mirrors that of PCr splitting (τPCr). Pre-exercise [PCr] and the absolute variations of PCr (∆[PCr]) occurring during transient have been suggested to control τPCr and, in turn, to modulate dot{V}{text{O}}_{{2{text{A}}}} kinetics. In addition, dot{V}{text{O}}_{{2{text{A}}}} kinetics may be slower when exercise initiates from a raised metabolic level, i.e., from a less-favorable energetic state. We verified the hypothesis that: (i) pre-exercise [PCr], (ii) pre-exercise metabolic rate, or (iii) ∆[PCr] may affect the kinetics of muscular oxidative metabolism and, therefore, τ.MethodsTo this aim, seven active males (23.0 yy ± 2.3; 1.76 m ± 0.06, dot{V}{text{O}}_{2max }: 3.32 L min−1 ± 0.67) performed three repetitions of series consisting of six 6-min step exercise transitions of identical workload interspersed with different times of recovery: 30, 60, 90, 120, 300 s.ResultsMono-exponential fitting was applied to breath-by-breath dot{V}{text{O}}_{{2{text{A}}}}, so that τ was determined. τ decays as a first-order exponential function of the time of recovery (τ = 109.5 × e(−t/14.0) + 18.9 r2 = 0.32) and linearly decreased as a function of the estimated pre-exercise [PCr] (τ = − 1.07 [PCr] + 44.9, r2 = 0.513, P < 0.01); it was unaffected by the estimated ∆[PCr].ConclusionsOur results in vivo do not confirm the positive linear relationship between τ and pre-exercise [PCr] and ∆[PCr]. Instead, dot{V}{text{O}}_{{2{text{A}}}} kinetics seems to be influenced by the pre-exercise metabolic rate and the altered intramuscular energetic state.

Mechanical behaviour and stress-strain recovery characteristics of expanded polypropylene

Expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam has been widely recognized as an energy absorbing material, and it is routinely used for variety of industrial applications. However, EPP foam has a relatively limited scope in the construction industry, especially for load-bearing applications. To address this aspect, the mechanical behaviour of EPP foam was examined under unconfined conditions in this study, and the effects of different preloading/precompression strain histories (5% to 60%) on the stress-strain response and strain energy characteristics of EPP were evaluated. Additionally, the stress-strain recovery behaviour of EPP foam having different preloading histories was also studied while considering the effects of recovery time after preloading (0 to 28 Days). The results suggest that EPP foam subjected to different preloading histories has identical patterns of stress-strain response to other conventional closed-cell polymeric foams, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, and EPP can adequately be used for load-bearing applications under the recommended design limits. Furthermore, noticeable recovery in the stress-strain response of EPP was also witnessed during the initial 14 days after preloading. Based on these findings, it is anticipated that the promising stress-strain recovery characteristics of EPP foam enable it to be reused, even after experiencing large in situ deformations.

Effect Of Recovery Time After Match On Muscle Explosive Power On Football Athletes

Football is one of the most prestigious forms of sports that are in great demand by the public. Many football clubs that take part in the competition have a tight match schedule. This causes the recovery time for athletes to be short and lead to fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of recovery time after the match on the explosive power of leg muscles in soccer athletes. This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design. The sampling method used was simple random sampling to get 40 research subjects divided into 2 groups, namely groups with recovery time of 2 days and groups with recovery time of 5 days. The assessment used is measurement of explosive limb muscle power using the vertical jump technique before and after receiving the recovery period. To test the normality of data using Shapiro-Wilk continued with the comparative data test in the form of an unpaired t test. The results of the study in groups with a recovery time of 2 days were worth -3.7cm and the group with a recovery time of 5 days was 2.9cm. These results were analyzed using unpaired t-test showing p value = 0,000 (p&lt;0.05) which showed there were significant differences between the two groups. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of recovery time after the game on the leg muscle explosive power in soccer athletes. Recovery time of 5 days is better than 2 day after competition. It is very important to pay attention to recovery time in athletes, the recommendation of this study is a minimum of 5 days.

"Should I stay or should I go now?" Recovery time effect on walking capacity in symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of recovery time on walking capacity (WC) throughout repeated maximal walking bouts in symptomatic lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). The effect of recovery time on WC (maximal walking time) was determined in 21 participants with PAD in three experimental conditions [recovery time from 0.5 to 9.5 min + a self-selected recovery time (SSRT)]: 1) 11 repeated sequences of two treadmill walking bouts (TW-ISO); 2) a single sequence of seven treadmill walking bouts (TW-CONS); 3) a single sequence of seven outdoor walking bouts (OW-CONS). Exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure changes were continuously recorded as an indirect measure of ischemia. An individual recovery time (IRT) beyond which WC did not substantially increased was determined in participants with a logarithmic fit. At the group level, mixed models showed a significant effect (P < 0.001) of recovery time on WC restoration. At the participant level, strong logarithmic relationships were found (median significant R2 ≥ 0.78). The median SSRT corresponded to a median work-to-rest ratio >1:1 (i.e., a lower recovery time in view of the corresponding previous walking time) and was related to unrecovered ischemia and a WC restoration level of <80%. A median work-to-rest ratio of ≤1:2 allowed full recovery of ischemia and full restoration of WC. The IRT ratio was between 1:1 and 1:2 and corresponded to the start of recovery from ischemia. Recovery time affects the restoration level of WC during repeated maximal walking bouts in symptomatic PAD. Meaningful variations in WC restoration were related to specific levels of work-to-rest ratios.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that there is a significant and mostly logarithmic effect of recovery time on walking capacity in people with symptomatic PAD. This study revealed that a median work-to-rest ratio >1:1 leads to the resumption of walking with unrecovered ischemia and precludes the restoration of full walking capacity, whereas a work-to-rest ratio ≤1:2 allowed walking capacity to fully be restored.

Differences in the Effect of Recovery Time in Distributed Practice on Accuracy of Bolavoli Bump Service Assessed from Blood Muscular Power on the Bolavoli Intermediate Putra Athlete

Various studies were conducted to try to improve the accuracy in performing the volleyball jump service, either by simple exercises to modification of the form of training. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of recovery time in distributed practice and leg muscle power on the accuracy of volleyball jump service. This research was conducted on volleyball athletes at Vita Surakarta club. The research method used is an experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design, the sample size in this study was 40 athletes obtained through total sampling technique. Data analysis techniques in this study used ANOVA, Saphiro-Wilk test (Lilliefors test with α = 0.05) and variance homogeneity test (Leve's test with α = 0.05). The results showed that (1) athletes who were given training using long recovery times had a significant effect on the accuracy of the volleyball jump service compared to athletes who were given training using short recovery times. (2) athletes who have high leg muscle power have a significant effect on the accuracy of the volleyball jump service compared to athletes who have low leg muscle power. (3) there is an interaction between the recovery time and leg muscle power on the accuracy of the volleyball jump service.

Quantifying the effects of post-surgery recovery time on the migration dynamics and survival rates in the wild of acoustically tagged Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar smolts

BackgroundThe experimental effects of surgically implanting fish with acoustic transmitters are likely to have negative effects on survival and behaviour. Measuring the extent of these negative effects is important if we wish to extrapolate inferences from tagged animals to un-manipulated animals. In this study, we examine the effect of surgery and post-tagging recovery time on the survival and migration rate of acoustically tagged wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) smolts through freshwater, estuarine and ocean phases of migration. Four treatment groups were used: pre-smolt captured in the fall that overwintered in a hatchery and were tagged either 75 days prior to release (winter hatchery) or within 24 h prior to release (spring hatchery) and smolt captured during the spring smolt run, tagged 24 h prior to release and released during the day (day-released) or night (night-released).ResultsThe spring hatchery treatment group served as a reference treatment group such that recovery time (comparison to winter hatchery treatment) and hatchery effects (comparison to day-released and night-released treatments) could both be discerned. The hatchery effect increased migration rate, whereas short recovery times and captivity in a hatchery negatively affected survival. These effects were most pronounced within the first 5 days and/or 48 km downstream post-release, however, the residual recovery time effects appeared to persist during the transition from the estuary into salt water.ConclusionsEven with smolts originating from the wild and spending relatively little time within the hatchery environment, post-release survival was still negatively affected. Migration speed was faster for hatchery smolts, but is likely only due to their larger size. Recovery time effects were most prominent during the initial migration period in freshwater and again in the transition from the estuary to saltwater which may be due to added stress during these transitional zones. As surgery-related bias will likely never be completely removed from telemetry studies, it is important to quantify and account for these effects in situ when making inferences on the un-manipulated component of the population.

Delayed Dynamics of SIR Model for COVID-19

This paper presents a new modified SIR model which incorporates appropriate delay parameters leading to a more precise prediction of COVID-19 real time data. The efficacy of the newly developed SIR model is proven by comparing its predictions to real data obtained from four counties namely Germany, Italy, Kuwait, and Oman. Two included delay periods for incubation and recovery within the SIR model produce a sensible and more accurate representation of the real time data. In the absence of the two-delay period () the dynamical behavior of the model will not correspond to today’s picture and lag the detection of the epidemic peak. The reproductive number R0 is defined for the model for values of recovery time delay of the infective case. The effect of recovery time may produce second wave, and/or an oscillation which could destabilize the behavior of the system and a periodic oscillation can arise due to Hopf bifurcation phenomenon.

Mathematical modelling of fighting current pandemic-using finite source retrial queues

In this paper, we prefer to implement a retrial queueing contraption with a finite number of homogeneous sources for covid-19 patients, orbital requests for the care, and unstable orbit, driven by the wish for overall output models suitable for modelling and study of covid-19 patients. Day by day pandemic situation in India is more critical, patients are facing the unavailable of treatment resources so they are automatically switched into the orbit mode. Data is taken from the ICMR website, Dated: Sep 21, 2020. It is believed that all random patients who are concerned with seeking care are impartial and exponentially distributed. Regular-state analysis of the underlying continuous-time Markov process is performed victimization Time NET package constant state performance measurements are computed by providing a generalized pandemic random Petri net model. The implementation of an unstable orbit and its use in a pandemic situation is the main novelty. Numerical derivation to explain the death/ recovery time effect.

Effects of recovery time after fire and fire severity on stand structure and soil of larch forest in the Kanas National Nature Reserve, Northwest China

Forest recovery may be influenced by several factors, of which fire is the most critical. However, the moderate- and long-term effects of fire on forest recovery are less researched in Northwest China. Thus, the effects of different forest recovery time after fire (1917 (served as the control), 1974, 1983 and 1995) and fire severities (low, moderate and high) on larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forest were investigated in the Kanas National Nature Reserve (KNNR), Northwest China in 2017. This paper analyzed post-fire changes in stand density, total basal area (TBA), litter mass, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) with one-way analyses of variance. Results indicate that litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients increased with increasing recovery time after fire and decreasing fire severity, while the stand density showed an opposite response. The effects of fire disturbance on SOC and soil nutrients decreased with increasing soil depth. Moreover, we found that more than 43 a is needed to recover the litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients to the pre-fire level. In conclusion, high-severity fire caused the greatest variations in stand structure and soil of larch forest, and low-severity fire was more advantageous for post-fire forest stand structure and soil recovery in the KNNR. Therefore, low-severity fire can be an efficient management mean through reducing the accumulation of forest floor fuel of post-fire forests in the KNNR, Northwest China.

Investigation of epidemic spreading process on multiplex networks by incorporating fatal properties

Numerous efforts have been devoted to investigating the network activities and dynamics of isolated networks. Nevertheless, in practice, most complex networks might be interconnected with each other (due to the existence of common components) and exhibit layered properties while the connections on different layers represent various relationships. These types of networks are characterized as multiplex networks. A two-layered multiplex network model (usually composed of a virtual layer sustaining unaware-aware-unaware (UAU) dynamics and a physical one supporting susceptible-infected-recovered-dead (SIRD) process) is presented to investigate the spreading property of fatal epidemics in this manuscript. Due to the incorporation of the virtual layer, the recovered and dead individuals seem to play different roles in affecting the epidemic spreading process. In details, the corresponding nodes on the virtual layer for the recovered individuals are capable of transmitting information to other individuals, while the corresponding nodes for the dead individuals (which are to be eliminated) on the virtual layer should be removed as well. With the coupled UAU-SIRD model, the relationships between the focused variables and parameters of the epidemic are studied thoroughly. As indicated by the results, the range of affected individuals will be reduced by a large amount with the incorporation of virtual layers. Furthermore, the effects of recovery time on the epidemic spreading process are also investigated aiming to consider various physical conditions. Theoretical analyses are also derived for scenarios with and without required time periods for recovery which validates the reducing effects of incorporating virtual layers on the epidemic spreading process.

Effect of recovery time and loading modes on mechanical properties measures in damaged human cortical bone

Effect of recovery time and loading modes on mechanical properties measures in damaged human cortical bone

Repeated sprint ability but not neuromuscular fatigue is dependent on short versus long duration recovery time between sprints in healthy males.

During maximal intensity leg cycling sprints, previous research has shown that central and peripheral fatigue development occurs with various (<30s) short-duration recovery periods between sprints. The aim of the current study was to compare the development of neuromuscular fatigue during maximal intensity lower-body sprints interspersed with short and longer duration recovery periods. Crossover study. Ten participants completed 10, 10s sprints interspersed with either 30 or 180s of recovery. Peak power outputs were measured for each sprint. Maximal force, voluntary activation (VA) and evoked contractile properties of the knee extensors were measured at pre-sprint 1, post-sprint 5 and post-sprint 10. Perceived pain was also measured immediately following each sprint. Peak power output was significantly lower by 16.1±4.2% (p<0.001) during sprint 10 with 30 compared to 180s of recovery. Irrespective of recovery time, maximal force, VA and potentiated twitch force decreased by 26.7±7.2% (p<0.005), 5.8±1.2% (p=0.025), 38.7±6.1% (p=0.003) respectively, from pre-sprint 1 to post-sprint 10. MVC and PT decreased by 17±4% (p<0.003) and 23±9% (p<0.002) respectively, from pre-sprint 1 to post-sprint 5. Although decreases in peak power and increases in perceived pain were greater when sprints were interspersed with 30 compared to 180s of recovery, the development of neuromuscular fatigue of the knee extensors was similar. The results illustrate that peripheral fatigue developed early whereas central fatigue developed later in the sprint protocol, however the effect of recovery time on neuromuscular fatigue could be task specific.

Effect of recovery time of fault current limiter on over current from distributed generator in micro grid after voltage sag

AbstractThis paper describes an effect of recovery time of fault current limiter on over current from a micro grid system which is interconnected to a power distribution system. We have assumed that the semi-conductor type fault current limiter is installed between the micro grid system with the synchronous generator and the power distribution system, measured the over current after a voltage sag occurrence in the power distribution system and a recovery of fault current limiter by experiments in our laboratory. Finally, it was found that the introduction of recovery time for fault current limiter after voltage sag is useful for suppressing the over current from the distributed generator.

Effect of recovery time on FET success in PGS and non-PGS blastocyts

Effect of recovery time on FET success in PGS and non-PGS blastocyts

The Effects of Recovery Time from Heat Stress on Circulating Bioenergetic Variables and Biomarkers of Leaky Gut

The metabolic consequences of heat stress (HS) are atypical (i.e. hyperinsulinemia) considering the animal's nutritional status and a compromised intestinal barrier may initiate the pathophysiological consequences of HS. However, the temporal pattern of metabolic and leaky gut variables during HS recovery is not well‐understood. Female pigs (n=32; 19.5±1.3 kg BW) were sacrificed following exposure to one of four environmental protocols: 1) constant thermoneutral conditions (TN; 24.2°C and 57.2% RH), 2) no TN recovery following 3 d of HS (0d), 3) 3 d of TN recovery post 3 d of HS (3d), 4) 7 d of TN recovery post 3 d of HS (7d). The HS protocol was cyclical (33.6 to 37.4°C, 29.5% RH). All pigs were fed ad libitum. During the heat load, HS increased rectal temperature (P&lt;0.01; 1.0ºC), and respiration rate (P&lt;0.01; 63 bpm), but decreased feed intake (P&lt;0.01; 24%) and growth (P&lt;0.01; 33%) compared to TN controls. Blood glucose was decreased (P&lt;0.05; 10%) for the 0 d pigs, but returned to TN levels by 3 and 7d. Recovery length did not affect circulating NEFA (P&gt;0.73), insulin concentrations or the insulin:glucose (P=0.80). However, the insulin:feed intake was increased in the 0d compared to the TN controls (P=0.06; 49%). Lipopolysaccharide binding‐protein was markedly increased (P&lt;0.05) with advancing recovery time: 67, 110, and 150% in 0, 3, and 7d pigs compared to TN controls, respectively. In summary, HS did not have a lasting effect on energetic variables, but advancing recovery length was associated with progressively increased biomarkers of leaky gut.

The Effects Of Recovery Time On Subsequent Maximal Resistance Training Performance In Trained Females

The Effects Of Recovery Time On Subsequent Maximal Resistance Training Performance In Trained Females

The effect of changes in the score on injury incidence during three FIFA World Cups

ObjectiveTo study the effect of changes in the score and of different playing positions, as well as the effect of recovery time on injury incidence during Fédération Internationale de Football...

Neuromuscular function after muscle fatigue in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A patients

The effect of recovery time on neuromuscular function after a fatiguing task was compared in both the upper and lower limbs between patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) and healthy individuals. Torque of elbow flexors and knee extensors and surface electromyography (sEMG) data of biceps brachii and vastus lateralis were recorded from 8 CMT1A patients and 8 matched, healthy individuals during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) before (pre-fatigue MVC), 10 s after (10-s post-fatigue MVC), and 10 min after (10-min post-fatigue MVC) a fatiguing task at 80% MVC until exhaustion. Only in the lower limb, torque and root mean square of sEMG (RMS) during pre-fatigue MVC were lower (P < 0.05) in patients (91.93 ± 45.95 Nm, 0.11 ± 0.07 mV) than in controls (161.06 ± 75.5 Nm, 0.24 ± 0.16 mV). In the 10-min post-fatigue MVC, muscle-fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) and RMS, expressed as a percentage of pre-fatigue MVC, were lower (P < 0.05) in patients (MFCV 90.3 ± 6.91%, RMS 84.50 ± 9.89%) than in controls (MFCV 100.87 ± 5.1%, RMS 92.71 ± 11.84%). CMT1A patients are not only weaker than healthy individuals in the knee extensors, but they also have impaired neuromuscular recovery after fatigue.

Stance and swing phase detection during level and slope walking in the cat: Effects of slope, injury, subject and kinematic detection method

In quadrupeds, there have been limited comparisons of gait timing events detection (e.g., paw contact, PC and paw-off, PO) determined from kinematics and forceplates. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different slopes (0, −27, +27°), recovery times after ankle extensor nerve injury and repair (2, 6, 12 weeks), subjects and detection methods on accuracy of kinematically derived PC and PO timings during feline walking. Right hindlimb kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRF) of 4 cats walking along a sloped walkway with embedded forceplates were recorded. A total of 963 walking cycles were analyzed. Gait timings were determined from five kinematic methods based on displacements, velocities or accelerations of hindlimb markers. GRF based ‘gold standard’ timings for PC and PO were used to determine the systematic and random error of kinematic timing. Systematic errors between the kinematic methods differed significantly (p<0.05). Methods based on vertical paw peak acceleration and velocity gave the smallest systematic errors for PC and PO, respectively. The smallest random errors (standard deviations) for PC and PO were demonstrated by method based on paw horizontal displacement relative to greater trochanter: 13.4ms and 6.6ms, respectively. Effects of slope and subject on systematic errors of kinematic methods were significant, whereas effects of recovery time after nerve injury were not. It was concluded that timing of gait events can be determined consistently using kinematics, although adjustments must be made to account for the systematic error which varies according to subject and slope condition.

The Effect of Recovery Time on Subsequent 2K Performance in NCAA Division I Competitive Women Collegiate Rowers

INTRODUCTION: Recovery plays a crucial role in athletic success, yet it is one of the least understood and under-researched areas of sport performance. This study examined the impact of recovery duration on subsequent performance over 2000m on a rowing ergometer using a Concept II-D, (Morrisville, VT) ergometer. METHODS: Ten well-trained, collegiate women rowers (age: 19.4+/− 1.2 yrs, ht: 175.1+/− 5.6, body mass: 63.6+/− 8.5 kg) participated in this investigation. In a randomized, crossover design all subjects completed 2 race trials in each of 2 experimental sessions, passively recovering for either 6 or 24 hours in between trials. Data were collected every 500m; including average power, stroke rate, and 500m split time as well as heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to analyze these data and to compare the baseline rowing trials with the subsequent recovery trial of either 6 or 24 hours after the first simulated race of the two day sequence. When appropriate a Fishers LSD post-hoc test was used to determine pair wise differences between the means. Significance in this study was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Results showed no statistically significant differences in any of these variables with either the 6 or 24 hour recovery condition or across 500m time points within each race trial. No differences were seen for power changes across the race trials. (see Figure 1). For the RPE values at each 500m segment there were no differences between the recovery time points for any given race segment. However, as might be expected RPE values increased over the course of the race to almost maximal values for the 6-20 scale. The 500m segment RPE values were significantly less than their corresponding values at the end of the 1500m and 2000m race segments. Additionally, the 1000m segment was significantly less than the 2000m race segment, indicating an incremental perceptual strain as the race continued no matter the race trial or recovery time point that was measured. An increased heart rate was observed between the 500m race segment and corresponding values for the 1500m and 2000m race segments. No differences were observed within the race segment for 6 or 24 hour recovery time points. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the corresponding race segments of 1000m to 2000m, indicating a relative steady state in physiological function. Interestingly, the heart rate and RPE were not significantly correlated (r = −0.008, P ≤ 0.05). This further supports the separation of physiological strain from psycho-perceptual demands in this 2K race. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of significant physical fatigue, there was evidence of increased perceptual strain during each race trial, as average power was maintained throughout despite increases in ratings of perceived exertion. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: From a practical perspective, it appears that it did not matter if rowers had 6 or 24 hours recovery time between subsequent “all-out” 2000m performances on a rowing ergometer. This seems to demonstrate not only the highly trained nature of collegiate rowers but also their mental toughness and ability to psychologically absorb and tolerate the physical stress of “all out” 2000m rowing performance.