Effects Of Psychological Trauma Research Articles

Facilitating well-being: an examination of an online trauma-informed faculty/staff training designed to support college student resilience

College students report high psychological distress, mental health problems and anxiety. Research indicates that faculty and staff can help support these students in crisis, but there is limited trauma-informed training for higher education professionals who are not mental health counselors. This study explored an evidence-based online training program designed to help faculty/staff members facilitate well-being and resilience among college students. To test the training, a systematic program evaluation was conducted. Prior to completing the training, participants (n = 52) took a pretest. Then, after completing the training, they took a posttest. Results indicated a significant difference between pre and posttest. There were more positive attitudes toward trauma-informed approaches and resilience resources; stronger beliefs about prevalence and effects of psychological trauma; greater self-efficacy to perform trauma-informed approaches; and greater confidence in trauma-informed knowledge. Additionally, participants reported they were likely to use tools learned during the training. Thus, indicating that a self-paced, convenient, and culturally sensitive training may be beneficial for faculty and staff as they aid in student success. Practical implications, participant comments and specific suggestions for colleges are also discussed.

A concept analysis of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses.

To facilitate an understanding of the risk for psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses. Concept analysis. The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to 56 articles. The characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses were identified. Peer-reviewed articles in English from CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed on July 2023. The characteristics of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses are overwhelming distress, intrusive symptoms, avoidance and numbing behaviours, hypervigilance or hyperarousal, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and interpersonal challenges. The antecedents are exposure to one or more of the following nurse-specific traumas: natural or person-made disasters, historical role limitations, second victim situations, secondary trauma, system-mediated or over-medicalized care, insufficient resources, or workplace incivility. The consequences are disruptions in mental health, diminished physical health, alterations in relationships, and variable work performance. Labour and delivery nurses experience unique causes of psychological trauma due to their practice environment and patient population. The consequences of labour and delivery nurses' psychological trauma extend beyond individual health and impact the quality of patient care and organizational capacity. Furthermore, research is needed to inform education, support and policy measures to mitigate harm effectively. WHAT PROBLEM DID THE STUDY ADDRESS?: Nurse-specific trauma theory has not been applied to the unique labour and delivery environment with a high incidence of patient trauma. WHAT WERE THE MAIN FINDINGS?: Multiple causes of trauma in the perinatal context have created a pervasive yet largely preventable issue. WHERE AND ON WHOM WILL THE RESEARCH HAVE AN IMPACT?: This research will impact labour and delivery nurses, their leadership, and their patients. No patient or public contribution.

Trauma and Memory

A theory of traumatic memory was developed by Breuer and Freud in “Studies on Hysteria” based on Charcot’s theory on the traumatic origin of mental disorders. This was again developed in DSM-III in 1980 with the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where traumatic memory was conceptualized as a core of the syndrome and set in causal relationship with its manifestations. This implied that “trauma” tended to be seen as something static and reified, like a “thing” in the mind. It is shown that this conceptualisation diverts attention from the dynamic and reorganizing processes in the traumatized person’s mind, body and relations to others. The psychoanalytic conceptualization includes a wider spectre of the manifestations in posttraumatic conditions and it differs in the understanding of underlying processes. What is common for both childhood and adult trauma and their posttraumatic manifestations are deficiencies in symbolization processes related to the traumatic experiences. The signal anxiety function fails and the ego is overwhelmed by automatic or annihilation anxiety. The ability to distinguish between real danger and neutral stimuli which function as triggers fails. As anxiety related to trauma cannot be mentalized, fragments of the self are split off and evacuated. These experiences remain as fragmented bits and pieces that can express themselves in bodily pain, dissociated states of mind, nightmares and relational disturbances. Thus, the consequences of psychological trauma may be conceptualised as processes characterised by splitting off of not mentalized inner objects/introjects and parts of the mental apparatus. These processes are illustrated with a short clinical vignette.

Наслідки психологічної травми у постраждалих після дорожньо-транспортної пригоди (аналітичний огляд літератури)

Мета. Визначення наслідків психологічної травми та видів можливих психічних розладів у постраждалих внаслідок дорожньо-транспортної пригоди (ДТП). Матеріали та методи. Проведено огляд сучасної фахової літератури щодо надання медико-психологічної допомоги стосовно визначення видів психічних розладів у постраждалих із психологічною травмою внаслідок ДТП. Результати. Визначено поняття «психічна травма», систематизовані наслідки психологічної травми у постраждалих внаслідок ДТП. У контексті індивідуально-психологічних особливостей даної категорії осіб визначено зміст поняття «алкогольне сп’яніння», а саме фізіологічне (просте) та патологічне сп’яніння, як одного з головних соціально-епідеміологічних предикторів виникнення транспортних аварій. Висновок. Надання медико-психологічної допомоги постраждалим внаслідок ДТП потребує здійснення низки окремих заходів, тобто вивчення дій з боку людини, яка постраждала внаслідок ДТП, з подальшою діагностикою її психологічного стану, а також ініціювання призначення судово-психологічної експертизи з вивченням індивідуально-психологічних, в першу чергу в контексті кримінологічних особливостей винуватців ДТП як суб’єктів необережного злочину, за відсутності медичних і юридичних критеріїв неосудності, особливо водіїв у стані алкогольного сп’яніння.

Preparing reports in cases with blunt trauma to the heart area: Three cases

This case series has been prepared to create a perspective to evaluate blunt heart trauma, in which physical and psychological effects of trauma are seen together, in clinical forensic medicine practices. Case 1:A-50-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension had a heart attack in the first 24 hours after blunt trauma, she had an angiography and a coronary stent inserted. Case 2: A 60-year-old woman with no known disease fell after one of the children who entered her garden without permission kicked her ; she had angiography within 24 hours due to chest pain and stenocardia and found that she had coronary heart disease. Case 3: A 60-year-old man with a history of atherosclerotic heart disease had argued with neighbours and had a blow to his chest; in the emergency service, hospitalization was recommended to the patient due to left bundle branch block and troponin results; However, he refused hospitalization and left the hospital. Forensic medical evaluation of heart attack and rhythm disorders after blunt chest trauma or arguments is an important issue. Medical evaluation in terms of heart damage following blunt chest traumas is one of the factors that contribute to forensic reports prepared after the incident.

ICRE Top Research Abstracts

ICRE Top Research Abstracts

Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis.

Trauma and trauma-specific mental health difficulties (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent in people with psychosis. However, not everyone develops post-traumatic symptoms, and some people even experience post-traumatic growth (PTG) following trauma. It is important to identify which protective factors are associated with less severe trauma symptoms and/or positive outcomes to inform the development and implementation of interventions fostering these variables. Eighty-five patients with experiences of psychosis took part in a cross-sectional study. They were administered questionnaires measuring exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of PTSD and complex PTSD and potential protective factors assumed to be associated with lower vulnerability for post-traumatic symptoms and higher post-traumatic growth (trait resilience, secure attachment, social support, adaptive coping, optimism, general self-efficacy). Multiple hierarchical regression showed that some of these protective factors, in particular optimism, were associated with lower post-traumatic symptoms, explaining 21% of the variance in complex PTSD symptoms and 16% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. However, the hypothesized protective factors, in particular resilience and adaptive coping, explained a considerably larger proportion of variance in PTG (44%). Our results suggest that whilst these variables provide only moderate protection from the vulnerability to experience post-traumatic stress, they may play an important role in allowing people to find meaning despite multiple traumas and subsequently lead more fulfilling lives. Therapies targeting the emotional and psychological consequences of trauma in people with psychosis might benefit from the integration of intervention strategies to enhance these additional psychological protective factors, which in turn may lead to positive treatment outcomes beyond the mere reduction of post-traumatic stress symptoms.

Integrating Resiliency Into Neurobiologically-Focused Mental Health Counseling Through Mindfulness

ABSTRACT The traumatized client may enter the mental health counseling suffering from the neurobiological effects of psychological trauma. This exposure has a detrimental impact on the brain’s functioning levels and functional connectivity of the white matter that runs between the frontal lobe, and the striatal areas of the brain, and altering the homeostasis of the client’s physical body through symptoms of anxiety. The stress causes the body to activate its survival mechanisms and may lead to acute stress responses or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomology. We examine the concepts and techniques of mindfulness as a clinically sound approach for relieving and reducing the long-term negative effects of this activation of this neurologically focused survival mechanism. This article explores approaches to building resiliency through enhancing neuroplasticity and examining how neuronal activation may alter the neurophysiological response to stress. Coupling this, specific mindfulness activities will be reviewed for effectiveness.

Personal mastery and community dedication as mediators of the association of trauma exposure with PTSS and PTG.

Objective: The present study, conducted after the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, was aimed to investigate 2 resources (i.e., personal mastery and community dedication) hypothesized to have a mediating effect on the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSS (posttraumatic stress symptoms) and PTG (posttraumatic growth) in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Method: Israeli civilians (N = 1,014) completed a questionnaire assessing levels of trauma exposure (the predictors), sense of mastery and community dedication (the mediators), and PTSS and PTG (the outcomes). Results: PTSS and PTG were positively related. Sense of mastery mediated the association between trauma exposure and PTSS symptoms and was negatively associated with PTSS and PTG. Community dedication was positively related to PTG and mediated the association of trauma with PTG. Conclusions: People higher in mastery may not need to search for a "silver lining" in coping with psychological consequences of trauma as they believe they are capable of handling it. Conversely, persons with higher levels of coping self-confidence may be denied the benefits of posttraumatic growth in coping with trauma. People's connections to the community in times of coping with collective upheavals may not protect them against PTSS yet community orientation may bring postevent benefits of posttraumatic growth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological Effects of Trauma to Anterior Teeth

Psychological Effects of Trauma to Anterior Teeth

ЗВ’ЯЗОК ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ІЗ ПОКАЗНИКАМИ ВИКОНАННЯ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ТЕСТУ СТРУПА КОМБАТАНТАМИ ТА ВЕТЕРАНАМИ АТО-ООС

Introduction. The effects of psychological trauma can be long-lasting, affecting both the veteran's own health and the family and society in common. Since psychological tests are based on the self-report of the subjects, errors can creep into the diagnosis of disorders. Therefore, researchers are trying to find techniques that would make the diagnosis more objective. This study is devoted to the search for correlates between psychological and psychophysiological indices. Purpose. The aim of research was to investigate correlations between psychological indices obtained using a battery of psychological tests (MMPI, etc.) and indices of latent periods (LP) of sensorimotor reactions during performance of the combined Stroop test by Anti-Terrorist Operation-Joint Forces Operation(ATO-JFO) combatants and veterans. Methods. The study involved 13 combat veterans of ATO-JFO. Stimuli (the word Green or Red, Blue or Yellow written in relevant or irrelevant color) were exposed on the right or left from the center of the screen. In the case of congruence the word and its semantic meaning should press one button by the ipsilateral hand (yes), while in the case of mismatch – the other button by the contralateral one (no). Psychological indices of the subjects are measured using a battery of tests (Kotenev's method, MMPI, Accentuations, Muddy's resilience, of basic beliefs, Emotional orientation, etc.). Results. The highest number of correlations was found for right-hand yes answers. When analyzing the whole set of tests, their number was 33 (Left yes - 14, Left no – 10, Right yes - 33, Right no - 16). The table, presented in the article, shows an abbreviated version, with the methods by which the largest number of connections are obtained, but the results are also convincing (Left yes – 11, Left no – 8, Right yes – 19, Right no - 11). This result indicates the leading role of the fronto-parietal network of the left hemisphere in the control of higher mental functions. Originality. New are the data on the nature of the relationship between the LP of reaction when performing a complex Stroop test with psychological indices. Scales that reflect the negative state of the subject are negatively correlated with LP, while scales that reflect a positive psychological state have positive correlation coefficients with the indices of LP. It is possible that a stressful state forces the brain to mobilize, reducing the time of interhemispheric transfer of information, while a calmer state allows it to work in a more relaxed mode. Conclusion. A large number of correlations have been found between psychological indices obtained using a battery of psychological tests (MMPI, etc.) and indices of latent periods of sensorimotor reactions during the performance of combined Stroop test. The largest number of correlations was obtained for the answers yes with the right hand (response in case of congruence of the word and its semantic meaning). It is proposed to use a complex Stroop test for express diagnosis and monitoring of the psychophysiological state of the subjects.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ АДАПТИВНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ТА ВІКТИМНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ

The basic approaches to the interpretation of adaptability, adaptive potential, victim behavior and mechanisms of its development are analyzed. The concept of "adaptive capabilities" is formulated. The peculiarities of the violation of the adaptive processes that lead to the formation of victim behavior are outlined. The article presents an analysis of the research conducted among first- and fifth-year students with the aim of establishing the relationship between adaptive capabilities and types of victim behavior. The study involved 90 students. According to the results of the empirical study, it can be argued that there is a direct correlation between students' adaptive capacities and victimization, the higher the victim behavior index, the lower the level of adaptive capacities. In particular, the greatest number of direct relationships is observed between dependent victim behavior, maladaptation, aversion to self and others; feedback – with mental and mental resilience and personal adaptive potential. With the implemented victimization, there is also a decrease in neuro-psychic stability and aversion of others, which is explained by the action of protective mechanisms and the consequences of psychological trauma. The rejection of others is also characteristic of students with aggressive victim behavior, and on the contrary, they do not accept self-harming persons. Students with hypersocial victim behavior feel emotional comfort as this behavior is approved by the community.

Psychological Effects of Trauma to Anterior Teeth

Psychological Effects of Trauma to Anterior Teeth

War against “Internal Enemies”: Dr. Franz Lucas's Sterilization of Sinti and Roma in Ravensbrück Men's Camp in January 1945

AbstractFollowing the passing of the “Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Genetic Diseases” in July 1933, sterilization became a means to tighten the borders of the German ethnic community against outsiders, including Sinti and Roma. For a while, Sinti soldiers were spared sterilization. After Himmler's Auschwitz decree of December 1942, they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. They escaped the extermination of other Sinti and Roma in the Zigeunerlager on the night of August 2, 1944, only because they represented a human shield deployable against advancing Russian troops. Still, the Reich insisted on sterilizing them and their families before placing them in front of enemy guns because they were still considered “internal enemies.” As a result, some forty Sinti men and boys were sterilized by Dr. Franz Lucas in the men's camp in Ravensbrück in January 1945. Focusing on their story challenges Lucas's portrayal as the victim of SS practices, a narrative that long benefitted from the testimony of non-Sinti prisoners. In addition, compensation agencies in Germany underestimated the ongoing effects of psychological trauma resulting from sterilization. Sinti victims who were subjected to an “expert assessment” of their blood purity before war's end underwent a renewed assessment of their productivity for German society after the war.

Factors Affected the Psychological Trauma of Children Living in Incomplete Families – The Concern in Vietnamese School Counseling

<p>Domestic violence, separation and divorce are becoming increasingly common and leaving psychological traumas that are not easily healed for family members, especially for children in Vietnamese incomplete family. In this article, we identify the factors affecting the psychological trauma of children in the incomplete families by using Achenbach T. M’s Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We design 2 experiments and 3 steps to filter the main factor affected the psychological trauma of children living in incomplete families. In results, we found out that up to 46.42% of children had psychological traumas when living in incomplete family with an extremely high level of 8.16% and an average of 57.14%. The results showed not only by living in incomplete family but also other factors such as the pressure from public opinion and community affected the children psychological trauma. It is necessary to minimize the effect of psychological trauma of children in Vietnamese families.</p>

Attachment representations of maltreated and non-maltreated pre-schoolers in Korea and its association with abuse type, chronicity, and severity: a comparative study

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to facilitate a better understanding of the psychological characteristics of maltreated children by comparing attachment representations between maltreated and non-maltreated pre-schoolers. Participants included 46 maltreated and 48 non-maltreated (children for whom evidence of maltreatment has not been identified or reported) pre-schoolers. The Attachment Story Completion Task was used to evaluate attachment representation; the Maltreatment Classification System was used to assess abuse type and chronicity. There was a difference in the contents of the attachment representations and distribution of attachment types between the two groups. Secure attachment in maltreated pre-schoolers was significantly lower than that in non-maltreated pre-schoolers whereas insecure-avoidant and disorganized attachment were higher. The likelihood of insecure attachment was higher when the abuse type was complex abuse and the abuse chronicity and severity were high. This study is meaningful as it investigated the developmental psychological consequences of trauma in Korean children.

The effects of psychological trauma on psychopathy

The effects of psychological trauma on psychopathy

Improving the diagnostics of the impact of domestic violence in children with the use of semi-structured interview

The authors propose a semi-structured interview to identify the effects of domestic violence in children. The interview includes a list of questions aimed at identifying possible cases of domestic violence, signs of emotional problems, impaired behavior and attention, preneurotic, autonomic and somatic disorders, typical situations of their occurrence in children, as well as family and interpersonal contexts. Observing behaviors and non-verbal manifestations during the interview that accompanies the respondent's answers allow us to identify not only the clear signs of the problem, but also to recognize the hidden, non-verbal manifestations to better understand the nature of the problem in children. Quantitative and qualitative analysis confirmed the diagnostic value of the proposed interview. The group of children affected by domestic violence found a much higher prevalence of emotional problems (depression, anxiety, emotional lability, heightened emotional sensitivity), behavioral disorders (aggressiveness, passivity, excessive obedience), sleep disorders and fears, vegetodistonic and somatic problems. Children were significantly more likely to show signs of psycho-physiological arousal (tears, tremors, agitation, paleness of palms, sudden paleness of redness, etc.) during the interview, indicating high emotional tension and sensitivity to topics related to the situation in the family in general and domestic violence in particular. Revealing the effects of psychological trauma through interviewing is an important task and competence of psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers during medical and psychological examination, as well as the psychosocial support of children affected by domestic violence.

EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING AS A PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is empirically validated psychotherapeutic approach, which uses Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. EMDR can be applied when working with the consequences of psychological trauma and a wide range of other negative life experiences, excluding organic deficits, intoxication, and injury. EMDR therapy is conceptualized in eight phases, consisting of standardized protocols and procedures, which make easier the complete assessment of the clinical picture, patient preparation and the treatment of: past events, which place the foundations of pathology, current adverse situations and future challenges. The main focus of the therapy is the system that processes information in the brain. All dysfunctional characteristic traits, behaviors, beliefs, affects, and physical sensations are viewed from the perspective of (AIP) model as manifestations of unprocessed memories, encoded during a traumatic experience. Keywords: EMDR therapy, psychotherapy approach, AIP model, reprocessing information.

What Therapies are Favored in the Treatment of the Psychological Sequelae of Trauma in Human Trafficking Victims?

Human trafficking is a major public health concern that brings about deleterious psychological consequences and sequelae. Although a number of risk and protective factors for the health consequences of human trafficking victims have been identified, there is a dearth of information in the area of treatment. Specifically, we found no articles comparing the different components of prevailing trauma treatment strategies, and the potential usefulness of these strategies in the treatment of human trafficking victims. To this end, we compared and contrasted the different therapeutic treatments typically implemented with victims of trauma (including domestic violence victims and torture victims), and discussed how the different components of these treatments may or may not be helpful for human trafficking victims. We assessed the impact of these treatments on the psychological consequences of trauma and, in particular on posttraumatic stress disorder. We also assessed the potential usefulness of these treatments with co-occurring problems such as substance use, psychosis, dissociation, and other mood and anxiety disorders. On the basis of the prevailing research, we highlighted cognitive therapies as being preferred in addressing the needs of human trafficking victims. Mental health providers who work with human trafficking victims should become aware of and practiced in the use of cognitive therapeutic approaches in treating this population. Efficacy and effectiveness studies are needed to validate our recommendations.