Effects Of Propyl Gallate Research Articles

Application of propyl gallate alleviates pericarp browning in harvested longan fruit by modulating metabolisms of respiration and energy

Effects of propyl gallate on metabolisms of respiration and energy of harvested ‘Fuyan’ longans and its relationship to pericarp browning were investigated. Compared to control longans, propyl gallate could reduce ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activity, lower cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activity during early-storage and mid-storage, increase NADK activity, elevate contents of NADP and NADPH, decrease contents of NAD and NADH, in addition, lower the decreases of ATP content and energy charge (E.C.), increase activities of mitochondrial H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase during early-storage and mid-storage. Above results suggested that propyl gallate-retarded browning development in pericarp of harvested longans was resulted from decreases in activities of respiratory terminal oxidases like CCO and AAO, increase in proportion of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity via retaining higher levels of ATP content and energy charge, as well as higher activities of mitochondrial ATPase.

Effects of propyl gallate on photosystem II efficiency in Dunaliella bardawil under high illumination as investigated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements

Effects of n-propyl gallate, a plastid terminal oxidase inhibitor involved in chlororespiration, on photosystem II efficiency in Dunaliella bardawil under low or high illumination was investigated. Rapid chlorophyll a fluorescence transients were recorded and analyzed according to JIP-test, which can quantify the photosystem II performance. The fluorescence transients O-J-I-P drastically decreased and almost reached a plateau when low light-grown cells were exposed for 96 h to 1, 2 and 4 mM n-propyl gallate. Very similar reductions in the efficiency of quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Φpo), the quantum yield for electron transport (ΦEo) and the inferred water-splitting complex activity (Fv/Fo) were found in the same inhibitor concentrations. However, no statistically significant change in fluorescence intensity and photosystem II efficiency was found when algal cells were exposed to the inhibitor concentrations up to 2 mM under high light intensity. The results indicated that inhibitory effects of n-propyl gallate on photosystem II electron flow in D. bardawil cells are dependent on environmental conditions. It is also demonstrated that n-propyl gallate is a multi-target inhibitor of growth kinetics as well as photosynthesis. In addition, we found that the donor side of photosystem II acts as main target place of the inhibitor.

Use of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Studying the Effects of Propyl Gallate on the Interactions of Interleukin-6 and Its Soluble Receptor

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is known as a surface sensitive analytical device capable of on-line monitoring of interfacial reactions. To study the interaction between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R), as well as the effects of propyl gallate on IL-6/sIL-6R binding based on it, a QCM was employed to monitor the binding responses. In the experiments, sIL-6R was immobilized on the surface of QCM substrate, then different concentrations of IL-6 were added onto the substrate, respectively. The response frequency shift caused by the binding between IL-6 and sIL-6R was recorded. The results showed that sIL-6R was immobilized on the substrate surface with the density of 3.43 ng/mm2, IL-6 then bound to the immobilized sIL-6R specifically. FAST fit program was used to analyse the data obtained of the association of IL-6 and immobilized sIL-6R, fitting it to the biphasic kinetic equations. Kinetic constantsfor IL-6 binding to sIL-6R were determined from the plots of Kon versus the concentration of IL-6, kass=3.41×104 M-1 s-1, kdiss=1.80×10-2 s-1, thus, KD=5.28×10-7 M, KA=1.89×106 M-1. Furthermore, the effects of propyl gallate (PG) on interaction of IL-6 with sIL-6R were studied. The results showed that PG was able to enhance the binding between IL-6 and sIL- 6R. We propose that the interaction between IL-6 and sIL-6R is one of the targets which PG can act on in vivo. The QCM offers an effective way and a new clue to the study on the mechanism of propyl gallate at molecular level.

Effects of propyl gallate on carotid artery thrombosis and coagulation/fibrinolysis system in rats

To investigate the effects of propyl gallate (PrG) on the thrombus formation time and the coagulation/fibrinolysis system in an experimental carotid artery thrombosis model in rats. Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 animals/group): the normal group (normal saline 2 mL/kg), the model group (normal saline, 2 mL/kg), the heparin control group (1,250 IU/kg), the low dose PrG group (30 mg/kg), and the high dose PrG group (60 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after intravenous injection of saline or the corresponding drugs, a carotid artery thrombus was induced by continuous electric stimulation in all rats except for those in the normal group. The duration from the initiation of the electric stimulation to the sudden drop in carotid temperature was recorded as the thrombus formation time. Levels of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined by ELISA. PrG (30 and 60 mg/kg) can prolong the thrombus formation time, but the effect was obviously weaker than that of heparin (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, PrG (30 and 60 mg/kg) elevated the plasma activity of t-PA (both P<0.05) and showed an increasing tendency in elevating the ratio of t-PA/PAI-1 (P>0.05), while it had no significant effect on the level of PAI-1. PrG has a certain antithrombotic effect and can slightly regulate the imbalance of the t-PA /PAI-1 ratio.

ラットにおける実験的歯周手術後のＩ型及びＩＩＩ型ｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎ形成量の変動に及ぼす没食子酸プロピルの影響

ラット実験的歯周手術後に創傷部に形成されるI型及びIII型collagen量を蛍光免疫染色及び画像解析の手法を用いて半定量的に測定することを試みた。その際, 没食子酸プロピルの歯肉創傷部におけるcollagen形成量に対する影響についても併せて検索した。その結果, プラセボ群におけるI型collagen形成量は創傷後3～7日目の間有意な変化がないのに対し, III型collagen形成量は創傷後5, 7日目で有意な増加を示した。一方, 没食子酸プロピル投与群ではI型collagen形成量は創傷後5日目以降, さらにIII型collagen形成量は創傷後3日目より5日目までプラセボ群に比較して有意な増加を示した。以上の結果から, 実験的歯周手術後の創傷部ではまずIII型collagen形成が先行するのに対し, I型collagen形成は少なくとも術後7日までは著明な変化を示さないこと, さらに没食子酸プロピルはこれらのcollagen形成を促進させることが示唆された。

Propyl Gallate and Ascorbyl Palmitate Affect Stability of Canola Oils in Accelerated Storage

ABSTRACTThe effects of propyl gallate (PG) with and without ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and monoglyceride citrate (MGC) on the stability during accelerated storage (Schaal and fluorescent light) of canola oil were determined by sensory, chemical and gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) evaluations. After 12 days of Schaal storage, analyses indicated that additions of PG + AP to oils at 200/200 ppm and 100/200 ppm were most effective in retarding oil deterioration. Sensory data showed that additions of either PG + MGC or PG + AP to oils, were ineffective in delaying deterioration in fluorescent light exposed samples. Chemical data indicated that 200 ppm PG + 200 ppm AP and 100 ppm PG + 200 ppm AP were somewhat effective in retarding oil photooxidation.

Effect of propylgallate on the thermotropic behavior of phospholipids

The effects of propylgallate (PrG) on the thermotropic behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and a phosphatidylcholine (PC)/PE mixture were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The transition temperature ( T m ) of DPPE decreased and the transition peak became broad with an increase in the concentration of PrG. Subtransitions appeaerd by shorter time of storage at 2°C, compared with the case of DPPE only. A DPPC/DPPE (6:4) mixture gave one transition peak. PrG induced the formation of a DPPC-rich domain, causing phase separation. In a distearoylphosphatidylcholine/dilauroyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE) mixture, PrG also induced phase separation and had a stronger effect on DLPE. From these events, it was clear that the effect of PrG is stronger on the more fluid phospholipid in a PC/PE mixture. These effects of PrG on DPPE and a PC/PE mixture were quite different from those on DPPC or DPPG, which we previously reported (J. Biochem, 100, 1663–1668 (1986)., Chem.Phys. Lipids, 49, 225–230 (1989).). In this paper, we also discussed the interaction of PrG and each phospholipid.

Effects of propylgallate on the phospholipid composition of Escherichia coli and the thermotropic behavior of lipids.

Propylgallate, an antioxidant, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli. The drug caused a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and a corresponding increase in cardiolipin (CL) in E. coli, but did not affect phosphatidylethanolamine. When the drug was removed from the medium, rapid accumulation of PG occurred with a concomitant reduction of CL, although the phospholipid content did not change. E. coli phospholipids showed a two phase transition by measurement of differential scanning calorimetry. The drug lowered the transition temperatures and strongly interacted with the phopholipid species which showed the lower phase transition.

Effects of propyl gallate and other antioxidants on rat liver microsomal nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked cytochrome c reductase

Research Article| February 01 1971 Effects of propyl gallate and other antioxidants on rat liver microsomal nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked cytochrome c reductase T F Slater; T F Slater Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M V Torrielli M V Torrielli Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1971) 121 (3): 40P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1210040Pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T F Slater, M V Torrielli; Effects of propyl gallate and other antioxidants on rat liver microsomal nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked cytochrome c reductase. Biochem J 1 February 1971; 121 (3): 40P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1210040Pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.