Effects Of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Research Articles

Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Walking Speed, Discomfort, and Knee Extension in an Acute Stroke Patient: A Case Study

This study investigates the impact of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on improving functional mobility in a stroke patient, with a focus on walking speed, discomfort levels, and knee extension range of motion (ROM). PNF techniques were applied over four weeks to assess their effectiveness. The patient's walking performance was evaluated using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and discomfort was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) during walking and knee extension movements in both seated and standing positions. The results revealed a significant reduction in 6MWT time from 16.47 seconds to 14.2 seconds post-intervention. VAS scores showed a marked decrease in discomfort during the 6MWT from 8 to 1 and during knee extension from 7 to 4 in both positions. Additionally, the knee extension ROM increased significantly, with the most pronounced improvement observed in the seated position (from 141.3° to 158.5°). These findings suggest that PNF is an effective therapeutic approach for enhancing walking performance and reducing discomfort related to hamstring stiffness in acute stroke patients. The study's limitations include its single-case design, limiting the generalizability of the results. Future research with a larger sample size and more objective assessment tools is recommended to validate these findings.

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with and without Electrical Muscle Stimulation on spasticity, gait and lower limb function in chronic stroke patients

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with and without Electrical Muscle Stimulation on spasticity, gait and lower limb function in chronic stroke patients

The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on individuals with text neck syndrome: A randomized controlled study.

Text neck syndrome is an overuse condition that has become a global problem for all ages who use smartphones. Although therapeutic approaches are used to manage text neck syndrome, relatively little evidence exists on efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques on individuals with text neck syndrome. Thirty-eight participants with text neck syndrome were randomly allocated to either the experimental or control group. Both groups performed the program including cervical range of motion, strengthening, and posture correction exercises for 6 weeks, 3 days a week, once a day for 10 repetitions. In the experimental group were included in a PNF program 3 days a week for 6 weeks. In the program, contract-relax and replication techniques were used. Pain intensity, cervical range of motion, cervical muscles' endurance, posture, and disability were assessed. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Pain intensity, neck muscle endurance tests, posture, and disability scores significantly improved in both groups (P < .05). The cervical range of motion values in all directions were significantly increased only in the experimental group (P < .05). The improvements in pain intensity, neck muscle endurance tests, posture, and disability scores were greater in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < .05). PNF could be used effectively to reduce neck pain and disability level and enhance cervical range of motion, cervical muscles' endurance, and posture in individuals with text neck syndrome.

Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Strengthening Exercise towards Increasing Strength Stroke Patient's Hand Muscles at Tani Dan Nelayan Regional General Hospital

Stroke is a functional brain disorder that occurs suddenly with focal or global clinical signs that last more than 24 hours without signs of non-vascular causes, including signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemia, or cerebral infarction. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Strengthening Exercises to Increase Hand Muscle Strength in Stroke Patients at the Farmers and Fishermen's Hospital, Boalemo Regency. Quaisy experimental research designed two groups pre-test and post-test design. The sample was 30 people, sampling used the purposive sampling technique. Analysis was carried out using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the research were that there was a difference in Hand Muscle Strength values between those given Proprietary Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) with Strengthening Exercise with (p-value 0.039). The conclusion of this research is the provision of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). better in increasing hand muscle strength values compared to the Strengthening Exercise. It is recommended that the Farmers and Fishermen's Hospital of Boalemo Regency, in providing healing to stroke patients, apply Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Strengthening Exercise therapy as a complementary therapy for healing stroke patients.

Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensorimotor training and conventional exercise along with whole body vibrator on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensorimotor training and conventional exercise along with whole body vibrator on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensorimotor training and conventional exercise along with whole body vibrator on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensorimotor training and conventional exercise along with whole body vibrator on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION METHOD APPLICATION ON UPPER LIMB FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS AFTER STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The brain damage caused by a stroke can lead to severe and long-lasting physical and mental health problems, which can have a significant impact on human quality of life. Although restoring gait parameters in stroke patients is one of the most important rehabilitation goals, currently around 80% of stroke survivors have some degree of upper limb motor impairment. Several authors have shown that restoration of upper limb function is often more difficult to achieve and requires a longer rehabilitation period. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is thought to be one of the most common neurophysiological techniques used by physiotherapists in post-stroke rehabilitation. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) in improving upper limb function in patients after stroke through a systematic literature review. The research inquiry was performed by searching through various online databases until February 2023. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies were selected using the PICO model and its elements, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. The review examined five studies on PNF effects in 210 stroke patients, all scoring six or more on the high-quality PEDro scale. Patients were, on average, 52 to 63 years old. Four of the five studies, using the Arm Motor Ability Test and Fugl-Meyer assessment, showed statistically significant improvements in upper limb motor ability and function post-PNF intervention. One study assessing self-care functional ability revealed significant improvements in the Barthel index for both experimental and control groups. Spasticity assessment with the Ashford scale in one study indicated a statistically significant reduction in upper limb spasticity in both groups. Yeole et al. found significant improvements in active range of motion using a manual goniometer in shoulder and elbow joints and wrist joint flexion, extension, and radial deviation for PNF-applied participants.

Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation combined with threshold inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function in neurocritical patients with weaning failure: a randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of combining proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) with threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT), compared with TIMT alone, on respiratory function in neurocritical patients who experienced a weaning failure. Forty-seven participants (mostly after a stroke), were randomly divided into the experimental group ( n = 24) and the control group ( n = 23). The control group received usual care and TIMT, whereas the experimental group, in addition, underwent four 90-s periods of manual PNF. Both groups performed training in the ICU twice a day for 5 consecutive days. The main outcome measures included maximum inspiratory pressure, diaphragmatic excursions, diaphragm thickening fraction, oxygenation index, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity. The results showed a significant group-by-time interaction effect for maximum inspiratory pressure [ F (1, 45) = 17.84, η2 = 0.328, P < 0.001] and oxygenation index [ F [1, 45) = 5.58, η2 = 0.11, P = 0.023]. When compared with the control group, the experimental group showed overall significantly higher maximum inspiratory pressure [mean difference = 4.37 cm H 2 O, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-8.50, P = 0.038]. No other significant group differences were found. Combining PNF with TIMT may improve respiratory function in neurocritical patients with weaning failure. This combination approach may increase the likelihood of survival of neurocritical patients in the ICU.

The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on functional skills, muscle strength, and trunk control in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is generally used for the lower limbs in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). This study aimed to determine the effect of PNF and Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT) on functional abilities, muscle strength, and trunk control in children with CP. MethodsThirty spastic CP children classified as either level I–II in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) or level I–II in the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) were included. The PNF (n = 15) and the NDT group (n = 15) had physiotherapy for six weeks. The ABILHAND-Kids scale, the Purdue Pegboard Test (PBPT), the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), and the Jebson-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) were employed. Pinch meters, Jamar handheld dynamometers, and digital muscular strength assessments were used. ResultsThe PNF group increased shoulder flexion (p < 0.05), adduction (p < 0.05), elevation (p < 0.05), scapular abduction (p < 0.05), elbow extension (right) (p < 0.05), grip (p < 0.05), and pinch strengths (left p < 0.05, right p < 0.05). The PNF group had significantly lower 9-HPT (p < 0.05), JTHFT (card turning), JTHFT (simulated feeding), JTHFT (lifting light cans), and JTHFT (lifting weight cans) durations (p < 0.05), and significantly higher PBPT (right-left) PBPT (bimanual), PBPT (assembly).(p < 0.05), ABILHAND (p < 0.05), and TCMS total scores (p < 0.001). While JTHFT (simulated feeding-left), JTHFT (stacking checkers-left), JTHFT (lifting light cans-left), and JTHFT (lifting weight cans-right/left) (p < 0.05) durations decreased in the NDT group, PBPT (right) (p < 0.05) had an increase in duration. ConclusionPNF improves trunk control, upper extremity functional skills, selective proximal muscle strength, and distal upper extremity muscle and grip strength.

PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION (PNF) STRETCHING IN FUTSAL SPORT: HOW DOES IT AFFECT RECOVERY PULSE RATE AFTER HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING?

Background and Study Aim. During exercise, the work of the heart will be controlled by sympathetic nerves that will regulate the frequency of heart rate through the depolarization effect. Faster changes in depolarization effects can affect action potentials that become more frequent, so that the heart rate will increase. Stretching serves to improve blood flow and circulation, so it can help in lowering the pulse rate. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of PNF stretching on pulse rate recovery after doing HIIT on futsal players. Material and Methods. This research is an experimental research with the design of this research is control group pretest-posttest consisting of 20 people with sampling technique using population sampling. They were divided by ordinal pairing into two groups, namely the PNF stretching group and the control group. The PNF stretching group underwent PNF stretching session after HIIT session, while the control group only did HIIT session without PNF stretching. Recovery pulse rate was measured before and after the HIIT session, as well as after the PNF stretching intervention or rest period for the control group. Analysis was assisted using SPSS 26. Results. The results showed a significant decrease in recovery pulse rate in the experimental group with an average pretest value of 75.6, posttest 86.8 (p=0.000) with an effectiveness value of 85.8%. The control group showed a less significant decrease in recovery pulse rate, with an average pretest value of 75.2, posttest 76.8 (p=0.104) with an effectiveness value of 75.8%. Conclusion. So that this research is expected to serve as material for consideration, reference, and knowledge for parties related to the world of sports and health science, especially the effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching on pulse recovery after doing High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT).

Effect of PNF stretching performed in the AKE position on hip, knee, and ankle flexibility.

To measure hamstring flexibility, the active knee extension (AKE) test is preferred over the straight leg raise (SLR) test as it can be used to measure hamstring flexibility more selectively. However, hamstring stretching is primarily conducted in the SLR position (maximal hip flexion in the supine position) as it allows for maximal hip flexion in the supine position. This study evaluates the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching in the AKE position (maximal knee extension with 90∘ flexion of the hip in the supine position) on hip, knee, and ankle flexibility. SLR, AKE, and active dorsiflexion (ADF) tests were used to determine the range of motion (ROM) before (pre-ROM) and after (post-ROM) stretching. PNF stretching consisted of maximal isometric knee flexion at the end range with external resistance to prevent knee flexion. One set of PNF stretches (five trials of six seconds each) was conducted. The post-ROMs of hip, knee, and ankle measured via the SLR, AKE, and ADF tests, respectively, were significantly higher than the pre-ROMs. The improvement in knee flexibility was greater than the improvement in hip and ankle flexibility. The AKE position is recommended in clinical settings during PNF stretching for individuals with hamstring tightness. Furthermore, PNF stretching in the AKE position increases the ADF ROM.

Do proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques improve respiratory parameters and swallowing in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized-controlled study

AimThis study aims to investigate the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques on respiratory parameters, swallowing, functional capacity, fatigue, and quality of life in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). MethodThirty-four PwMS were included and randomized into the PNF Group (mean age: 43.23±10.55/years) or Control Group (mean age:38.47±8.18/years). In the PNF group, head-neck, upper extremity, trunk, and breathing techniques were applied three days/eight weeks. The control group continued home-based breathing exercises. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow 25–75 % (%FEF 25–75), peak cough flow (PCF), maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP) were and two minutes walking test (2MWT) were measured. Dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis (DYMUS), Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MusiQoL) were questioned. ResultsAfter treatment, MIP, MEP,%FEV1/FVCpred,%PEFpred,%FEF 25–75pred, PCF, DYMUS, EAT-10, FSS, and MUSIQoL were improved in the PNF group while MIP, MEP, PCF, DYMUS, EAT-10, MUSIQoL, and 2 MWT were improved in the control group (p < 0.05 for all). In the between-group analysis of the mean differences, the%FEV1pred was significantly different in favor of the PNF Group (p = 0.011), and MIP was significantly different in favor of the Control Group (p = 0.013). DiscussionThe PNF techniques can improve respiratory muscle strength, respiratory functions, cough efficiency, swallowing functions, and quality of life in mild to moderate PwMS. However, these improvements were not superior except for%FEV1pred compared to home-based breathing exercises.

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Gait Speed and Lower Extremity Strength for Genu Recurvatum in Patient with Stroke: A Case Report

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Gait Speed and Lower Extremity Strength for Genu Recurvatum in Patient with Stroke: A Case Report

Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and both sides up ball exercise on pain level, range of motion, muscle function after total knee arthroplasty.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused tearing and progressive wear of articular cartilage, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is recommended to patients with OA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and both sides up ball (BOSU) exercises on pain, range of motion (ROM), and muscle function in patients following TKA. Ten participants who have limitation of the knee joint from TKA were divided into two groups: the continuous passive motion (CPM)+PNF exercise group (n=5) and the CPM+BOUS exercise group (n=5). Exercise rehabilitation program consisted of PNF and BOSU exercises, and both exercises were performed twice a day for 2 weeks. To examine effect of exercise rehabilitation, visual analogue scale (VAS), sit and reach flexibility, knee ROM, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were measured before and after exercise intervention. A two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to confirm the main effect. If there was a significant interaction effect, an independent t-test between groups or a paired t-test between times was applied. VAS, sit and reach flexibility, knee ROM and TUG did not show interaction between the PNF and BOSU exercise groups, but all measured variables showed significant differences over time. Present findings provide information that PNF and BOSU exercise rehabilitation after TKA might be an important part of ensuring successful surgical outcomes as they have a positive impact on reducing pain, increasing ROM, improving muscle strength, and enhancing daily life movements.

Comparing the Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Exercise and Focused Regimen Program to Assess Balance and Quality of Life for Acute Stroke Rehabilitation

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, resulting in significant physicalimpairments, including hemiparesis and loss of motor control. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in aiding strokepatients’ recovery, and various approaches have been used to improve their functional abilities. Two widelypracticed methods are Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises and focused regimen programs.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of PNF exercises and focused regimen programs in improving motorfunction, mobility and quality of life in stroke patients.Materials and Methods: The total of 30 subjects with acute stroke were taken from Saicharan physio Center-Arakkonam. The subjects are selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria The intervention was given for 6weeks. The entire process was performed from November 2022 to February 2023.Result: According to the statistical analysis, PNF exercises revealed significant in improving both balance andquality of life measures for acute stroke patients compared to focused regimen program.Conclusion: This study finally concluded that the PNF exercises has a high impact in improving both balance andmay enhance neuroplasticity.

The effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in the rehabilitation of patients following total knee arthroplasty: A narrative review

The effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in the rehabilitation of patients following total knee arthroplasty: A narrative review

Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus low level laser therapy on shoulder adhesive capsulitis post-neck dissection surgery

IntroductionNeck dissection (ND) operations are performed to treat known metastatic neck illness. These operations have been associated with chronic neck and shoulder problems. In patients who have had a ND, adhesive capsulitis (AC) is one of the causes of shoulder dysfunction.MethodsForty patients with AC following modified radical neck dissection (MRND) surgeries were chosen at random and divided into two groups of equal size. The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) group (group A) received LLLT with: wavelength – 830 nm, output – 50 mw, maximum frequency – 5000 Hz, pulse duration – 50 ns, and average dose – 9 J/cm2 for 20 min, plus traditional physical therapy (mobilisation technique, myofascial release, range of motion (ROM), and strengthening exercises) for 30 min. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) group (group B) received PNF for 25–30 min in addition to traditional physical therapy. The treatment period was 3 times each week and lasted for eight weeks. The discomfort in the shoulder was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Shoulder impairment and pain were assessed by the SPADI scale and the shoulder ranges of motion were assessed using the universal goniometer technique. All measures were taken before and after the intervention.ResultsThe findings reveal that there was a significant enhancement in all variables in both groups A and B after therapy compared to before the treatment (p &lt; 0.001). After therapy, there were no obvious changes in the VAS and SPADI values among the groups (p &gt; 0.05). However, statistical analysis showed significant improvement in the PNF group (group B) in shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation in comparison to that of the LLLT group (group A) after treatment (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsPNF proved to be more effective than LLLT in increasing ROM but was as effective as LLLT in decreasing shoulder pain and dysfunction in AC post ND surgery.

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and isotonic drinks in tae kwon do athletes dollyo chagi

Study Purpose. This research aims to develop a solution that can enhance dollyo chagi kicks in taekwondo athletes. It investigates the effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises combined with the intake of isotonic drinks on dollyo chagi kicks in taekwondo. Method. This is a quasi-experimental study. The sample comprises 8 Taekwondo Dojang athletes from Padang State University, all aged 18 years. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done using a one-group quantitative t-test. Result. The findings indicate that Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises and isotonic drink intake influence dollyo chagi kicks. The average pre-test score was 13.88, while the post-test average was 16.25. As the post-test average surpassed the pre-test average, the dollyo chagi kicks improved by 2.38. Result t-test tcount 3,64 &gt; ttable= 1.89 is significant. Conclusion. The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercise enhances flexibility and strength in athletes. The study recommends incorporating PNF exercises and isotonic drink consumption to boost dollyo chagi kicks. Further research is suggested to explore other solutions for enhancing various abilities in taekwondo athletes. The isotonic drinks combined with PNF expedite recovery, enabling quicker dollyo chagi kicks.

Comparative Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretch Vs Spencer Muscle Energy Technique on Pain and Disability in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis

Purpose: Adhesive capsulitis is a condition in which the tissues of the shoulder joint become tight and impede movement. It is characterized by gradual loss of both active and passive glenohumeral joint motion, resulting in fibrosis, scarring and contractures of the joint capsule. Patient with adhesive capsulitis usually have difficulty in performing overhead activities, as well as routine duties such as combing their hair, dressing themselves, and throwing a ball. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch vs muscle energy technique (MET) on pain and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis.&#x0D; Methodology: Study Design: This research employed a rigorous single-blinded randomized controlled trial design to investigate the comparative effectiveness of two manual therapy techniques in the management of adhesive capsulitis. The study was conducted in accordance with established ethical guidelines and principles. Participant Selection: A total of 30 participants, aged between 30 and 60 years, were recruited for this study. The selection process adhered to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the homogeneity of the participant group. Inclusion criteria encompassed individuals in the 2nd and 3rd stages of adhesive capsulitis, both males and females, those with comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, and individuals experiencing painful restrictions in active and passive glenohumeral or periscapular motion. It was essential that participants had the ability to understand Punjabi or Urdu and were willing to participate. Exclusion criteria included individuals with a history of post-traumatic immobilization, cognitive impairment, previous surgery or arthroscopy, cervical pathology, neoplasm/tumor, or reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Informed Consent: Before the commencement of the study, informed consent was obtained from all participants. The participants were fully informed of the study's objectives, procedures, and potential risks and benefits. The rights of voluntary participation and the option to withdraw from the study at any time were emphasized. Participant data were anonymized and kept confidential throughout the research process to safeguard privacy. Randomization: To minimize bias, participants were randomly assigned to two distinct treatment groups, Group A and Group B. The randomization process was conducted using a computer-generated method, ensuring that each participant had an equal chance of being assigned to either group. Interventions: The study employed two distinct manual therapy techniques for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Group A received proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, while Group B underwent the Spencer muscle energy technique (MET). Both interventions were administered over a duration of one month. Baseline Treatment: In addition to the primary interventions, all participants received a hot pack as a baseline treatment. This standard treatment approach aimed to create a consistent baseline condition for all participants and to alleviate any discomfort. Data Collection: The collection of data was a crucial aspect of this study. Data were gathered through the utilization of structured data collection forms, designed to capture demographic information and adhere to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additionally, standardized assessment tools were used to quantify outcomes. The Shoulder Pain Assessment Disability Index (SPADI) was employed to evaluate both pain and functional disability, while the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was utilized to measure pain intensity.&#x0D; Findings: Statistical analysis was done by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 28. The collected data was analyzed and presented using appropriate statistical techniques. The data were initially checked for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Non-parametric tests were employed due to the non-normal distribution of the data. Qualitative data were analyzed for frequency and percentage. Intra-group differences were examined using the Wilcoxon signed-rank t-test, while inter-group differences were assessed with the Mann Whitney U-test. Spencer mean Mets treatment group has lower mean ranks in total SPADI pain as compared to PNF study group.&#x0D; Conclusion: the study concluded that Spencer Mets has been more effective in reducing the pain of the patients as compared to PNF treatment. Healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of patients with adhesive capsulitis should consider the incorporation of Spencer MET as a viable option for pain management. The superior pain reduction observed in this study suggests that this technique may yield favorable results in real-world clinical settings. While this study offers valuable insights, further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and potential differences in functional outcomes between Spencer MET and PNF treatment. Comparative studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the benefits of these techniques.

Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Gluteus Medius Activation for Low Back Pain among Tailors

Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Gluteus Medius Activation for Low Back Pain among Tailors